Spinus citrinelloides frontalis Reichenow, 1904b: 275

Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A. & Bracker, Cordula, 2023, Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa, Zootaxa 5334 (1), pp. 1-84 : 59

Spinus citrinelloides frontalis Reichenow, 1904b: 275 .

Now: Crithagra frontalis (Reichenow, 1904) ; but see Blake et al. (1968: 213).

Lectotype (herein designated, see below for explanation): ZMB 47.47 , skin, male, collected by R. Kandt at “Kiwusee”, [1899– 1902].

Paralectotype: ZMB 29213 , skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at Bukoba, 18.01.1891 .

Paralectotype: ZMB 30118 , skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at Kandanda, “Butumbi”, 26.04.1891 .

Paralectotype: ZMB 30121 , skin, male, juvenile, collected by Emin Pasha at “Karevia”, 13.06.1891 .

Paralectotype: ZMB 30159 , skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at Kafuro, 24.02.1891 .

Excluded Paralectotype: ZMB 27513 (B 18633, Fischer no. 864), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Naiwascha-See” (Lake Naivasha ), 12.06.1883 .

Type locality: “Ostafrika, Gebiet des Victoria Niansa” ( East Africa , region at Lake Victoria ): Bukoba , “Butumbi”, Kafuro, “Karevia”, Nandi, Chiriko, “Kenia”, “Kiwusee”, from the original description, here ascertained as “Kiwusee” [Lake Kivu, Democratic Republic Congo/Rwanda], the locality of the lectotype.

Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but both sexes were described and the examined specimens were mentioned by their collecting data (locality, month, collector). Therefore, the above-listed specimens are all regarded as belonging to the type series. ZMB 27513 was inventoried as Citrinella melanops and mentioned in Reichenow (1904b: 275) as Spinus citrinelloides frontalis and is also listed as a syntype for Spinus citrinelloides kikuyensis Neumann.Any citril near Naivasha would be kikuyuensis not frontalis , which is easily confused with frontalis . Therefore we designate here ZMB 47.47 as lectotype for Spinus citrinelloides frontalis Reichenow and exclude ZMB 27513 from the type series. ZMB 47.47 shows the yellow-brown characteristic coloration on the head of that species. With this lectotype designation we follow an earlier decision documented on the label but which lacked any further information, as we ascertain the type locality as Lake Kivu, the locality of the lectotype. Sclater (1930: 826) indicated for Spinus citrinelloides frontalis Reichenow “type in Berlin from Lake Kivu”. This is not a valid designation of a lectotype ( ICZN 1999) as it was not clear that the specimen had been chosen from the series as given in the original description. The whereabouts of the specimens of the additional listed localities (Nandi, Chiriko, “ Kenia ”) are unknown; we found no trace of them at BMNH and AMNH.

On 12 Jun 1883, Fischer was well to the south of Lake Naivasha , between Hell’s Gate Gorge and Mount Suswa.