Copestylum fornax, (TOWNSEND, 1895)

Rotheray, Graham E., Marcos-García, Maria-Angeles, Hancock, Geoff, Pérez-Bañón, Celeste & Maier, Chris T., 2009, Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in Agavaceae and Cactaceae including seven new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (4), pp. 697-749 : 712

COPESTYLUM FORNAX (TOWNSEND, 1895)

Puparium (lacking anterior prothoracic plate): Dorsal abdominal vestiture confined to medial areas on the transverse bands. Ventral abdominal vestiture of varying length across folds: anterior sides of folds with longer setae than posterior sides. Posterior breathing tube red-brown, surface corrugated and shiny, about half width of puparium, and not tapering. TR barely discernable. AP bulging at apex and spiracular openings at apex with more curves than a simple s-shape. Pupal spiracles short, about 1.5¥ basal width, straight, shiny red with openings in upper third and separated by about 4.5¥ their length ( Figs 48, 50 ).

Taxonomic notes: Copestylum fornax is more similar to C. satur than to C. fraudulentum . It is distinguished from C. fraudulentum by the shallow TR and vestiture confined to medial areas of abdominal transverse folds. It is separated from C. satur by a redbrown, nontapering AP which is the same length as a pupal spiracle, the shorter, 1.5¥ basal width pupal spiracles which are separated by more than 4¥ their length and by the more complex curves of the spiracular openings.

Material examined: One puparium USA Arizona, Tucson 7323 23.i.1897 HG Hubbard ex Opuntia ; ten larvae USA Arizona, Yuma 25.ii.1940 HT Rainwater ex decaying Opuntia (SI) .

Previous records: Mann (1969) ex Opuntia .

Figures

Figures 48–53. Pupal spiracles of Copestylum, scanning electron photomicrographs. 48, 50, Copestylum fornax; 48, dorsolateral view length 0.38 mm; 50, whole view from above scale as indicated; 49, Copestylum satur, lateral view length 0.73 mm; 51, 53, Copestylum marginatum; 51, dorsolateral view length 0.82 mm; 53, sculpture between openings, view from above; 52, Copestylum limbipenne, sculpture between openings, view from above.