Tetrastigma calcicola Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi, 2016

Kochaiphat, Phongsakorn, Trias-Blasi, Anna & Pornpongrungrueng, Pimwadee, 2016, Two new species of Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) from Thailand, European Journal of Taxonomy 201, pp. 1-12 : 4-11

Tetrastigma calcicola Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi sp. nov.

Table 1 , Figs 1–2 urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77155114-1

Diagnosis

Tetrastigma calcicola sp. nov. is most closely aligned to T. pachyphyllum (Hemsl.) Chun , but differs in having a 4-lobed disc adnate to the lower part of the ovary, and small berries with a smooth surface ( Table 1 ).

Etymology

The specific epithet refers to the habitat of this species, which is only found on limestone mountains.

Type materials

Holotype

THAILAND: Chiang Rai, Tham Luang Khun Nam Nang Non Forest Park, 21 Mar. 2011, M. Norsaengsri & N. Tathana 7810, ♀ fl. (holo-: QBG!).

Paratype

THAILAND: Chiang Rai, Tham Luang Khun, Nam Nang Non Forest Park, 10 Jul. 2012, M. Norsaengsri & N. Tathana 9736, ♀ fr. ( QBG).

Description

Slender climber. Stems terete, young branches terete, verrucose; mature stems corky; tendrils simple; stipules 2, deltate, c. 0.2 × 0.2 cm long, scale-like with age. Leaves compound, 3-foliolate or pedately 5-foliolate; petiole 0.8–5.0 cm long, glabrous, base slightly pulvinate; leaflets coriaceous; terminal leaflet petiolule 0.2–2.0 cm long, glabrous, terminal leaflet blade elliptic, obovate to oblanceolate, 2.0–8.0 × 1.0– 3.5 cm, base cuneate, margins serrate with minute protruding vein tip, apex acute to acuminate, petiolules of lateral leaflet complex 0.1–1.0 cm long, glabrous, lateral leaflet petiolules, sessile to 0.6 cm long, glabrous, lateral leaflet blade elliptic, obovate to oblanceolate, 1.0–5.5 × 0.5–2.8 cm, base cuneate or asymmetrical, margins and apex as for terminal leaflet; veins conspicuous on lower sides, midrib protruding on both surfaces, glabrous, 1 main basal vein, 4–7 pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescences axillary on young stem, 1–2 per node, compound umbel, male plant not seen; female plant 1.0– 2.5 cm in diameter, compact, globose; peduncles 0.3–1.0 cm, rarely puberulous. Female flowers’ bud ovoid, 1.0– 1.5 mm long; pedicels 0.5–1.0 mm long, papillose; calyx disciform, margins entire, papillose; petals ovate, 1.5–1.8 × 0.8 mm, apex slightly corniculate, outer surface densely papillose, margins entire; disc 4-lobed adnate to lower part of ovary; staminode clavate, c. 1.2 mm long; ovary conical, c. 0.8 × 0.8 mm; style sessile; stigma cruciform, 4-lobed, lobes obtuse, ciliate. Berries globose to ellipsoid, 0.8–1.0 × 0.7–0.8 cm, surface smooth, yellow or white when ripe, 1–3-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.7–0.8 × 0.4–0.5 cm, testa transversely rugulose on both sides, adaxial surface with a Y shaped furrow, abaxial surface with an oblong chalaza, endosperm ‘ ’ shaped in cross-section.

Distribution

Known only from Thailand ( Fig. 2 ).

Ecology and phenology

In open area on limestone mountain, dry evergreen forest, altitude 1,300 –1,450 m; flowering: February– March; fruiting: July–October.

Additional specimens examined

THAILAND. Chiang Rai:Doi Tung, 22 Oct. 1995, R. Pooma 1186, ♀ fr. (BKF, CMUB); ibid., 18 Feb. 2005, J.F. Maxwell 05-147, ♀ fl. (CMUB).

Conservation status

We suggest to treat this species as Data Deficient (DD) according to IUCN (2012), as this species is only known from a few herbarium specimens and only two localities have been recorded: Doi Tung and Tham Luang Khun Nam Nang Non Forest Park in Chiang Rai Province. Although the species seems to occur only in limestone mountains at high elevation, the number of populations and their sizes are not known so far.

Tetrastigma jaichagunii C.L.Li ex Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi sp. nov. Table 2, Figs 2–3 urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77155116-1

Diagnosis

This species is similar to T. harmandii Planch. , but differs from it by having more densely verrucose young branches, broader leaflets, 4-lobed thick discs, bigger globose berries and oblongoid seeds ( Table 2). Some specimens were misidentified as T. hookeri Planch. , an Indian species, but T. hookeri has narrow leaves and an inconspicuous disc in female flowers.

Etymology

We think that Prof. C.L. Li selected the specific epithet ‘Jaichagunii’ in honour of Mr Manit Jaichagun, from the CITES Scientific Authority in Thailand.

Type materials

Holotype

THAILAND. Trang, Khao Chong , 12 Mar. 1974, K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen 33238, ♀ fl. (holo-: AAU!, iso-: BKF!, L!, P!).

Paratypes

THAILAND. Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan National Park, 3 Aug. 1995, K. Larsen, S. S. Larsen, C. Tange, R. Moran & P. Puudjaa 45370, ♀ fr. ( AAU); Satun, Ta Le Bun, 26 Nov. 1985, J. F. Maxwell 85- 1060, ♀ fr. ( L).

Description

Large climber. Stems flattened with age, young branches terete, verrucose; mature stems corky; tendrils simple; stipules 2, deltate, c. 0.4 × 0.3 cm, reduced to scale-like with age. Leaves compound, 3-foliolate or pedately 5(–7)-foliolate; petioles 4.0–19.0 cm long, verrucose, base pulvinate; leaflets papyraceous to subcoriaceous; terminal leaflet petiolule, 1–5.0 cm long, glabrous, terminal leaflet blade lanceolate, elliptic, to oblanceolate, 11.5–33.0 × 3.5–12.0 cm, base obtuse to cuneate, margins coarsely serrate with c. 0.5 protruding vein tip, apex acuminate to caudate, petiolules of lateral leaflet complex 1.0– 3.5 cm long, glabrous, lateral leaflet petiolules, sessile– 2.5 cm long, glabrous, lateral leaflet blade lanceolate, elliptic to broadly elliptic, oblong, 8.5–30 × 2.5–11.5 cm, base obtuse to cuneate or asymmetrical, margins and apex as terminal leaflet; veins conspicuous on lower sides, midrib protruding on both surfaces, glabrous, 1 main basal vein, 6–13 pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescences axillary on young stem, single, compound umbel; 2–3 cm in diameter, compact, umbelliform; peduncles 0.5–1.0 cm, puberulent, male plant not seen. Male flowers not seen. Female flowers’ bud ovoid, 2.0–3.0 mm long; pedicels 2.0–3.0 mm long, papillose; calyx disciform to cupuliform, margins undulate, ciliate; petals ovate to oblong, 2.2–3.0 × 1.5–1.8 mm, apex hooded, outer surface densely papillose, margins entire; disc thick, 4-angled, adnate to ovary; staminode clavate–trullate, 0.5–1.0 mm long; ovary conical, 1.0–1.2 × 1.0– 1.5 mm; style cylindrical, c. 0.5 mm long; stigma peltate, round or slightly 4-lobed, ciliate. Berries globose, 1.8–3.0 × 1.5–2.5 cm, surface smooth, green when young, yellow when ripe, 1–4-seeded. Seeds oblongoid, 1.2–1.4 × 1.0– 1.2 cm, testa transversely rugose on both sides, adaxial surface with an oblong furrow, abaxial surface with a linear chalaza, apex bilobed, apical notch 1.0–3.0 mm, endosperm ‘ ’ shaped in cross-section.

Distribution

Known only from Thailand ( Fig. 2 ).

Ecology and Phenology

Along streams or in forest margins in evergreen forest; altitude 0–1,500 m; flowering: January–April; fruiting: June–January.

Additional specimens examined

THAILAND. NORTHERN: Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai, along the road, 40 km to Pai, 17 Sep. 1995, K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, C. Tange & D. Sookchaloem 46583, ♀ fl. (AAU); Chiang Dao, 26 Dec. 1940, H.B.G. Garrett 1214, ♀ fr. (TCD, L, P); Doi Chiang Dao, 13 Jul. 1950, H.B.G. Garrett 1336 (P, L, K); ibid., 18 Dec. 1951, H.B.G. Garrett 1374 (P, L, K); ibid., 22 Jan. 1989, J.F. Maxwell 89-0081, ♀ fr. (L); Hang Dong, Mae Khanin, 7 Mar. 1999, S. Watthana & W. Pongamornkul Wat. 240, ♀ fl. (QBG); Mae Tang, 19 Nov. 1990, J.F. Maxwell 90-1259, ♀ fr. (CMU); Mae Tang, Pa Pae, 17 Sep. 1995, BGO. Staff. 4507 (QBG); SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi: Between Kriti and Mueang Cha, 9 Jul. 1973, R. Geesink & C. Phengklai 6220, ♀ fr. (AAU, BKF, E, L, P); Thung Yai Naresuan, 11 Aug. 1992, J.F. Maxwell 93-869, ♀ fr. (CMUB); Thong Pha Phum, Thung Yai Naresuan, 10 Jun. 2002, M. Van De Bult 565, ♀ fr. (BKF, CMUB); Phetchaburi: Kaeng Krachan National Park, 26 Aug. 1995, J.A.N. Parnell, J. Pendry & T. Boonthavikoon 95-450, ♀ fr. (K); ibid., 25 Jun. 2000, M.F. Newman, T. Boonthavikoon, C. Hemrat & D.J. Middleton 1040, ♀ fr. (AAU, BKF, L, P); ibid., 9 Aug. 2002, D.J. Middleton, S. Suddee, S.J. Davies & C. Hemrat 888, ♀ fr. (BKF, CMUB); Prachuap Khiri Khan: Kaeng Krachan National Park, Pa La-u Waterfalls, 14 Aug. 2002, D.J. Middleton, S. Suddee, S.J. Davies & C. Hemrat 1060, ♀ fr. (BKF, CMUB); PENINSULAR: Ranong: Klong Naka National Park, 24 Nov. 1974, R. Geesink, P. Hiepko & C. Charoenpol 7519, ♀ fr. (BKF, K); ibid., 7 Jan. 1990, S. Hoover 5048, ♀ fr. (E); ibid., 8 Jan. 1990, S. Hoover 5481, ♀ fr. (E); ibid., 13 Jan. 1990, S. Hoover 6329, ♀ fr. (E); Khao Po Ta Luang Kaeo, 31 Jan. 1929, A.F.G. Kerr 16912, ♀ fl. (L, P); No locality, 22 Jan. 1929, A.F.G. Kerr 16805A (BK, K); Kapoe, 15 Jul. 1979, C. Niyomdham et al. 320, ♀ fr. (AAU, BKF, K, L, P); Khao Po Ta Luang Kaeo, 11 Dec. 1979, T. Shimizu, H. Toyokuni, H. Koyama, T. Yahara & C. Niyomdham T-26922 (AAU, BKF, L); Surat Thani: Klong Phanom National Park, 21 Mar. 2005, S. Gardner, P. Sidisunthorn & P. Tippayasri ST1875, ³ fl. (QBG); Phangnga: Khao Po Ta Luang Kaeo, 2 Feb. 1929, A.F.G. Kerr 16990, ♀ fl. (BK, BM, K, L); Phuket: Kathu, 12 Mar. 1929, A.F.G. Kerr 17463 (BK, K); Nakhon si thammarat: Ka Rom Waterfalls, 14 Apr. 1985, J.F. Maxwell 85-0396, ♀ fl. (BKF, L); ibid., 30 Oct. 1993, K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, C.T. Norgaard, K. Pharsen, P. Puudjaa & W. Ueachirakan 44163, ♀ fr. (AAU); Tha Sala, 2 Mar. 1986, J.F. Maxwell 86-0111, ♀ fl. (BKF, L); Thung Song, 19 Jul. 1929, Rabil 93, ♀ fr. (BK, L); Phatthalung: Khao Pu Khao Ya National Park, 16 Nov. 1990, K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, W. Nanakorn, W. Ueachirakan & P. Sirirugsa 41534, ♀ fl. (AAU, K); Trang: Khao Chong, 13 Jun. 1974, R. Geesink, T. Hattink & C. Charoenpol 7181, ♀ fr. (BKF, K); ibid., 10 Jul. 2000, D.J. Middleton, T. Boonthavikoon, S.J. Davies, C. Hemrat & M.F. Newman 373, ♀ fr. (AAU, BKF); Pa Liang, 24 Apr. 1931, M.C. Laksanakarn 791, ♀ fl. (L, K); Sai Rung Waterfalls, 15 Mar. 2006, S. Gardner & V. Chamchaumroon ST2480, ♀ fl. (QBG); Satun: Ko Ta Ru Tao, 19 Jan. 1918, A.F.G. Kerr 14188, ♀ fl. (BM, K); Klong Ton, 11 Mar. 1928, A.F.G. Kerr 14469, ♀ fl. (L, K); Yala: Bang Lang National Park, 12 Feb. 2004, D.J. Middleton, M. Phuphat, R. Pooma & K. Williams 3011, ³ fl. (BKF, E); no locality, 25 Mar. 1998, C. Niyomdham 5331, ♀ fl. (BKF, K).

Conservation status

This species has rather large populations and is widely distributed in several parts of the country. Therefore, it is considered Least Concern (LC).

Figures

Fig. 1. Tetrastigma calcicola Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi sp. nov. A. Branch and female inflorescence. B. Infructescence. C. Ovary. D. Corolla, dorsal view. E. Corolla, lateral view. F. Corolla, ventral view. G. Seed, dorsal view. H. Seed, ventral view. I. Seed, transversal section. Drawnby Woranart Thammarong. A, C–F from M. Norsaengsri & N. Tathana 7810; B from R. Pooma 1186; G–I from M. Norsaengsri & N. Tathana 9736.

Fig. 2. Distribution of Tetrastigma calcicola Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi sp. nov. (■) and T. jaichagunii C.L.Li ex Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi sp. nov. (●).