Pediobius facialis ( Giraud, 1863 )

Cao, Huan-Xi, Salle, John La & Zhu, Chao-Dong, 2017, Chinese species of Pediobius Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Zootaxa 4240 (1), pp. 1-71 : 31-33

13. Pediobius facialis ( Giraud, 1863)

( Fig. 12 )

Pleurotropis facialis Giraud, 1863: 1272 –1273; ♀♂. Syntypes, MNHN, not examined.

Entedon albitarsis Ashmead, 1888: 102 ; ♀♂. Lectotype ♀, USNM, not examined; designated by Burks, 1966: 42. Synonymized by Peck, 1985: 677.

Asecodes albitarsis ( Ashmead, 1888) , Howard, 1897: 40.

Chrysocharis albitarsis ( Ashmead, 1888) , Bridwell, 1899: 206.

Pleurotropis albitarsis ( Ashmead, 1888) , Crawford, 1912b: 179.

Pseudacrias sexdentatus Girault, 1916: 36 ; ♀. Lectotype ♀, USNM, not examined; designated by Burks, 1966: 43. Synonymized by Peck, 1985: 680.

Amestocharis albitarsis ( Ashmead, 1888) , Girault, 1924: 94.

Pleurotropis sexdentatus ( Girault, 1916) , Lewsi, 1925: 611.

Pleurotropis olethreutidis Gahan, 1932: 752 ; ♀. Holotype ♀, USNM, not examined. Synonymized by Hansson, 2002: 156.

Pediobius albitarsis ( Ashmead, 1888) , Burks, 1958: 68.

Pediobius facialis ( Giraud 1863) , Bouček, 1961: 24.

Pediobius albae Erdös, 1961: 485 ; ♀♂. Holotype ♀, HNHM, not examined. Synonymized by Bouček, 1965a: 52. Pediobius sexdentatus ( Girault, 1916) , Peck, 1963: 231.

Pediobius sinensis Sheng & Wang, 1994: 104 –105; ♀. Holotype ♀, IZCAS, examined. Syn. n.

Diagnosis. Body metallic green with coppery reflections ( Fig. 12 a); face usually distinctly coppery to brassy ( Fig. 12 b); tibiae often pale brown apically ( Fig. 12 d). In female, F1 longer than broad, F2 subquadrate, and F3 transverse ( Fig. 12 e). Notauli only distinct in anterior third. Scutellum nearly as long as broad with reticulation slightly elongate and dense anteriorly and merging to broad meshes posteriorly. Female gaster broad-ovate, with Gt1 almost reaching mid-length of gaster ( Fig. 12 a).

Material examined. CHINA, Beijing : 3♀, Beijing, XI.1963, ex. the pupa of Anomis flava (Fabricius) ; 1♀, Haidian , Beijing Botanical Garden, 17.IV.2001, coll. Chao-Dong Zhu ; 1♀, Badaling, Sanpu , VII.1995, coll. Hui Xiao ; 1♀, Yuanmingyuan , 21.V.1997, coll. Chao-Dong Zhu ; Heilongjiang: 2♀ 1♂, Mudanjiang, Jingbo Lake , 16.VIII.1995, coll. Ju-Xian Lou ; Fujian : 1♀, Fuzhou, Fujian Agricultural College, 1993, coll. Lian-De Wang, ex. Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton ; Gansu: 1♂, Wuwei , VI.1973, coll. Ding-Xi Liao ; Guangxi: 1♀, Guilin, Xing-An, Mao-Er Mountains , VI.2013, coll. Kan Wang ; 2♀, Nanning, Wuming, Ningwu , 23.VIII.2014, coll. Zhen-Qiang Qin ; Hebei: 1♀, Chengde, Xinglong , 27.VII.1985, coll. Hua-Shi Mi ; Jilin: 3♀, Gongzhuling , 30.V.1956, coll. Tai- Lu Chen ; 1♀, Gongzhuling , 30.VI.1956, coll. Tai-Lu Chen ; 2♀, Gongzhuling , 31.VI.1956, coll. Tai-Lu Chen ; 1♀, Changbai Mountains , 24.VII.1990, coll. Da-Wei Huang ; Liaoning: 3♀, Shenyang , 10.VII.1991, coll. Ju-Xian Lou ; Jiangxi: 9♀ 4♂, Dexing , 28.VIII.1984, coll. Guang-Pu Chen, ex. Pandemis sp. on Platanus orientalis L. ; Shandong: 9♀, Jinan, Shanghe , VI.1997, coll. Jia-He Yan, ex. Tortridae sp. on Sophora japonica L. ; 1♂, Linyi, Lanling, Bianzhuan , Xizhifangshan , 10.IV.2013, coll. Xue-Jun Yang; Zhejiang : 5♀, Quzhou, Changshan , VIII.1954, coll. Yi-San Qiu, ex. the pupa of Dendrolimus sp. Type specimens of P. sinensis : Holotype ♀, CHINA, Jiangxi, Jiujiang, 2.VII.1984, coll. Zhi-Fu Xiong ( IZCAS), ex. Argyrogramma agnata (Staudinger) ; paratypes 3♀, same data as the holotype. Determined specimens compared ( ANIC) : 2♂, ENGLAND: Sussek Littlehampton , 25.V.1973, coll. Deuhurst, det. Bouček ; 1♂, ENGLAND: White Downs, near Dorking (Surrey), 18.VII.1970, coll. Bouček, det. Bouček ; 2♀, JAPAN: Kogashina , 12.VIII.1980, coll. W. A. Jones, ex. Argyrogramma agnata (Staudinger) , det. Bouček ; 1♀, FRANCE Dijon: Olombieres , 16.VI.1974, coll. Bouček, det. Bouček ; 4♀, FRANCE: Villaret, coll. N. J. Mills, det. Bouček .

Biology. Pediobius facialis was recorded as a primary or secondary parasitoid. Chinese specimens under the name of P. sinensis were reared from the pupae of Argyrogramma agnata (Staudinger) ( Lepidoptera : Noctuidae ) collected from Jiangxi, China, by Sheng & Wang (1994).

Distribution in China. Beijing, Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Jilin, Jiangxi, Shandong, Zhejiang.

Remarks. Pediobius facialis has a wide distribution in China. Most specimens examined here have Gt1 nearly reaching mid-length of gaster, and few have Gt1 a little shorter than half but more than one-third length of gaster. And body colour could vary from dark green to vivid green, but always with coppery reflections.

By comparing the type specimens of P. sinensis with the specimens of P. facialis determined by Bouček, we recognized P. sinensis as a synonym of P. facialis . In the original description, P. sinensis was stated to be similar to P. bethylicidus and P. italicus ( Sheng & Wang 1994) , which we could not agree. These three species have many different morphological characters (see remarks under P. bethylicidus and P. saulius ), and should belong to different species groups respectively. Moreover, in the key of Sheng (1994) (couplet 17), the character of gaster (round or apically obtuse) used to distinguish P. sinensis and P. facialis seem to be not reliable, as the gaster of both species is round and apically obtuse.

Pediobius facialis appears more similar to P. narangae and P. tortricida than to P. brachycerus by coppery face, short and stout antenna, similar reticulations on scutellum and scutellum, and pale apex of tibia. It differs from P. narangae and P. tortricida mainly by metallic flagellum and the combination of characters given in the key (couplets 27 & 28).

The facialis -group excluding P. brachycerus and P. grunini seems closely related to the cassidae -group by morphology (see also remarks under P. cassidae ).

Figures

FIGURE 12. Pediobius facialis (Giraud 1863). a: female, body in dorsal view; b: female, body in lateral view; c: male, body in dorsal view; d: female, hind leg; e: female, antenna; f: male, antenna; g: female, fore wing. Scale bar: a – c, 0.5 mm; d – f, 0.2 mm; g, 0.4 mm.