Cotinis

Gasca-Álvarez, Héctor Jaime & Deloya, Cuauhtémoc, 2015, A new species and first record of Cotinis Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) for Venezuela, Zootaxa 3948 (1), pp. 125-136 : 133-134

Key to the species of adult Cotinis

(modified from Goodrich 1966 and Deloya et al. 2000)

1. Frontal process ridge-like, extending as a continuous keel from the vertex to the clypeus and fused with the clypeal process (subgenus Criniflava ).................................................................................. 2

- Frontal process developed, with the apical portion free, partially free, or entirely fused to the head..................... 3

2. Surface of pronotum strongly punctate, punctures bearing short, thick, golden setae. Metafemora simple...................................................................................................... C. boylei Goodrich

- Surface of pronotum punctate; thick, golden setae absent. Metafemora with a distinct notch immediately adjacent to tibial articulation............................................................................. C. producta Bates

3. Frontal projection free for its entire length, sides convergent apically (subgenus Liberocera )... C. ibarrai Deloya & Ratcliffe

- Frontal projection partially free or reduced to a longitudinal, median carina entirely fused to the head (subgenus Cotinis )...4

4. Dorsum shiny, opaque, velvety, or pruinose-like; venter glossy. Body coloration variable............................. 5

- Dorsum and venter shiny, smooth (in C. antonii dorsal surface is not smooth). Body coloration dark................... 24

5. Frontal projection fused. Clypeal projection large or reduced................................................... 6

- Frontal projection partially free, never fused. Clypeal projection large........................................... 14

6. Clypeal projection pronounced. Elytra punctate.............................................................. 7

- Clypeal projection reduced. Elytra smooth or finely punctate.................................................. 10

7. Frontal projection short, no more than 50% of length from vertex to apex of clypeus................. C. pueblensis Bates

- Frontal projection long, at least 55% of length from vertex to clypeal apex........................................ 8

8. Clypeal projection triangular.......................................................... C. pauperula Burmeister

- Clypeal projection semi-trapezoidal or trapezoidal...........................................................9

9. Clypeal projection semi-trapezoidal. Pronotum and elytra blackish green, elytra punctatostriate........ C. pokornyi Deloya

- Clypeal projection trapezoidal. Pronotum ashy-brown with green reflections; each elytron with 2 green spots.............................................................................. C. sinitoc Deloya, Ibañez-Bernal , & Nogueira

10. Body with velvet-like appearance, surface of pronotum and elytra opaque........................................ 11

- Body glabrous, surface of pronotum and elytra shiny........................................................ 12

11. Frontal projection long, at least 60% of length from vertex to clypeal apex, extending beneath antennal insertion.................................................................................................. .. C. impia (Fall)

- Frontal projection short, no more than 50% of length from vertex clypeal apex..................... C. rufipennis Bates

12. Clypeal projection reduced, uniform, triangular in shape. Pronotum finely punctate, micropunctate on disc. Pygidium opaque, smooth........................................................................... C. columbica Burmeister

- Clypeal projection reduced, short, broad. Pronotum strongly punctate, punctures much coarser and denser laterally. Pygidium glossy, transversely rugose............................................................................. 13

13. Clypeal projection bilobed at middle. Ventral pubescence reddish yellow.............................. C. olivia Bates

- Clypeal projection indistinct. Ventral pubescence dark............................................ C. polita Janson

14. Clypeal projection narrow, less than 0.5 mm thick in lateral view............................................... 15

- Clypeal projection distinctly thickened, greater than 0.5 mm in lateral view....................................... 22

15. Elytra strongly punctate............................................................................... 16

- Elytra smooth or with indistinct punctures................................................................. 17

16. Elytra punctatostriate, punctures glossy and C-shaped. Elytral carinae visible................... C. punctatostriata Bates

- Elytra punctate, punctures glossy, round. Elytral carinae prominent, more elevated.................. C. aliena Woodruff

17. Clypeal projection quadrate, rectangular, triangular, or expanded apically. Pygidium unicolorous. Ventral coloration green or red-dark............................................................................................ 18

- Clypeal projection triangular. Pygidium bicolored, apical portion testaceous, basal portion green. Ventral coloration orange....................................................................................... C. nitida (Linnaeus)

18. Clypeal projection quadrate, rectangular, triangular, or with sides slightly divergent apically......................... 19

- Clypeal projection with sides strongly divergent apically (inverted trapezoid)....................... C. beraudi Delgado

19. Pronotum and disc of pronotum smooth or with fine, indistinct punctures........................................ 20

- Pronotum sparsely punctate on disc, punctures becoming much larger and more numerous laterally................... 21

20. Apex of parameres rounded. Internal sac with 2 spiniform setae. Dorsal coloration variable: green, glossy green, green with orange, black, or black with orange.............................................. C. mutabilis (Gory & Percheron)

- Apex of parameres slightly rounded. Internal sac with a single spiniform seta. Dorsal coloration green with red-black on lateral margin of elytra........................................................................ C. lemoulti Antoine

21. Clypeal projection right-angled from plane of disc in lateral view. Frontal projection at least 50% fused to head. Surface of pro- notum opaque............................................................ C. barthelemyi (Gory & Percheron)

- Clypeal projection obtusely angled from plane of disc in lateral view. Frontal projection at least 80% fused to head. Surface of pronotum glossy........................................ C. patricialvarezae Gasca-Álvarez & Deloya new species

22. Frontal projection with apex abruptly expanded and rounded. Clypeal projection variable, apex rounded................23

- Frontal projection with apex pointed in dorsal view. Clypeal projection with sides divergent apically, apex weakly tridentate....................................................................................... C. laticornis Bates

23. Clypeal projection semicircular. Surface of clypeus with longitudinal ridge between 2 depressions. Dorsal coloration shiny green..................................................................... C. sphyracera Deloya & Ratcliffe

- Clypeal projection triangular. Surface of clypeus without depressions. Dorsal coloration shiny violet.................................................................................................. C. lebasi (Gory & Percheron)

24. Frontal projection completely fused, short, not reaching antennal insertion. Clypeal projection reduced to 2 lobes................................................................................................. C. antonii Dugés

- Frontal projection partially free, extending beyond insertion of antenna. Clypeal projection variable................... 25

25. Metasternum with long setae, greater than 0.5 mm in length........................... C. orientalis Deloya & Ratcliffe

- Metasternum with short setae, less than 0.5 mm in length..................................................... 26

26. Clypeal projection right-angled from plane of disc in lateral view. Elytra with 2 well-developed costae................................................................................................... C. viridicyanea (Perbosc)

- Clypeal projection obtusely angled from plane of disc in lateral view. Elytra lacking costae.......................... 27

27. Color brownish black or deep plum. Internal sac of male genitalia with large teeth, greater than 0.5 mm in length............................................................................................. C. fuscopicea Goodrich

- Color variable, blue to bluish green to purple. Internal sac of male genitalia with small teeth, less than 0.5 mm ..................................................................................... C. subviolacea Deloya & Ratcliffe