Cryptachaea migrans ( Keyserling, 1884 )

Santanna, Manoela, Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Cizauskas, Igor & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2019, On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae), Zootaxa 4646 (2), pp. 271-292 : 280-284

Cryptachaea migrans ( Keyserling, 1884)

Figs. 15–19 , 26–31 , 33

Theridium migrans Keyserling, 1884: 18 , pl. 1, fig. 6, female lectotype from Lechugal, Tumbes, Peru, in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, examined.

Tidarren fordum luctuosum Caporiacco, 1954: 77 , female holotype from St. Jean du Maroni, French Guiana, in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (synonymized by Levi, 1963: 225).

Achaearanea migrans: Levi, 1963: 225 (transferred from Theridion ).

Cryptachaea migrans: Yoshida, 2008: 39 (transferred from Achaearanea ).

Achaearanea uviana Levi, 1963: 218 , fig. 44, male holotype from Utcuyacu, Junín, 1600–2200m elev., Peru, 4 April 1948, F. Woytkowski leg., in the American Museum of Natural History, examined. New Synonymy.

Cryptachaea uviana: Yoshida, 2008: 39 (transferred from Achaearanea ).

Note. Keyserling (1884) described Cryptachaea migrans based on the female from Peru and Levi (1963) described Cryptachaea uviana based on the male from Peru too. From the examination of the types, the drawings by Levi (1963) and the examination of some males and females collected together in many localities in Brazil (Volta Redonda, state of Rio de Janeiro, in Canaã dos Carajás, state of Pará and Antonina , state of Paraná), and Bolivia (Beni) and male and female have the same color pattern, made it clear that these names are synonyms. Here we present for the first time SEM images of the male palp ( Figs. 26–30 ) and of the epigynum ( Fig. 31 ) of this species, illustrations of the male and female ( Figs. 15–17 ), and photos of the both sexes ( Figs. 18, 19 ).

Diagnosis. The male palpus of Cryptachaea migrans resembles that of Cryptachaea altiventer ( Keyserling, 1884) (see Levi, 1963: fig. 45), by the shape of cymbium, with projected apex and conductor which follows the path of the embolus to the apex ( Figs. 15 , 26–29 ), but differs by the curved embolus and slender conductor, apex of the cymbium elongated, hood-shaped (hat) ( Fig. 15 , 26–29 ). The epigynum has a pair of oval spermathecae ( Fig. 17 ), two copulatory openings located in the medial region of the epigynal plate ( Fig. 16 ) and copulatory ducts forming a loop ( Fig. 17 ) as in Cryptachaea anastema ( Levi, 1963) (see, Levi, 1963: fig. 57,58), but differs by having the copulatory ducts longer and fertilizations ducts longer, forming a loop ( Fig. 17 ).

Description. Male ( IBSP 174281): Total length 1.36. Carapace: length 0.64, width 0.51. Clypeus height: 0.13. Sternum: length 0.40, width 0.37. Chelicerae: length 0.17, width 0.06. Abdomen: length: 0.71, width 0.51, height 0.61. Leg formula IV/II/I/III. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 0.85/0.51/0.40/0.64; patellae+tibiae 0.78/0.54/0.37/0.54; metatarsi+tarsi-/0.71/0.37/0.71; total: 1.63/1.77/1.15/1.90. Palp: femora 0.03, patellae 0.06, tibiae 0.03, cymbium 0.37. AME are the largest. Eyes with dark borders ( Fig. 18 ). Carapace oval, dark brown with dark borders ( Fig. 18 ). Clypeus brown, laterally concave. Chelicerae yellow with brown spots. Labium yellow, subquadrangular. Endites yellow, subquadrangular. Sternum brown. Legs grayish brown, except femora yellow. Abdomen oval ( Fig. 18 ), black with a white stripe going down on each side and a pair of white spots side by side on venter, ventrally brown. Spinnerets yellow. The male palpus have the cymbium long, expanded at its tip ( Figs. 15 , 26–29 ), tarsal organ developed ( Fig. 30 ), conductor with laminar shape and pointed distal end ( Figs. 15 , 26–28 ), embolus with strong base ( Figs. 15 , 26, 27 ) and the tegulum subcircular and larger ( Figs. 15 , 26–28 ), with light sinuous ducts ( Fig. 15 ). Cymbium with many long macrosetae ( Figs. 26–30 ).

Female ( IBSP 174282). Total length 3.84. Carapace: length 1.49, width 1.22. Clypeus height: 0.23. Sternum: length 0.81, width 0.78. Chelicerae: length 0.44, width 0.17. Abdomen: length: 2.17, width 1.87, height 1.80. Leg formula I/IV/II/III. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 1.84/1.56/1.15/1.87; patellae+tibiae 2.41/1.42/1.02/1.66; metatarsi+tarsi 2.89/1.80/1.36/2.14; total: 7.15/4.79/3.53/5.67. Palp: femora 0.27, patellae 0.17, tibiae 0.20, tarsi 0.37. All eyes with the same size. Carapace, clypeus, chelicerae, labium, endites and sternum as in male. Legs yellow, except distally brown ( Fig. 19 ). Femur I presence of a comb of bristles distributed serially in ventral view. Abdomen oval ( Fig. 19 ), dark brown with white stripes on dorsum, ventrally brown with a white spot on the venter. Epigynum ( Fig. 16, 17 , 31 ) with spermathecae oval, copulatory ducts non-sinuous ( Fig. 17 ), and curved fertilization ducts ( Fig. 17 ).

Variation. The color pattern is quite variable in both sexes from dark brown to brown in carapace. The white spots in the abdomen can be further dispersed. The legs may be lighter, light yellow to brown. Males (n=5): Total length 1.15–1.36. Carapace: length 0.61–0.64, width 0.47–0.51. Femur leg I 0.85–0.91. Females (n= 8): Total length 3.29–4.11. Carapace: length 1.32–1.49, width 1.15–1.22. Femur leg I 1.84–2.55.

Distribution. Venezuela, British Guiana, French Guiana, Brazil (states of Amazonas, Pará, Alagoas, Espírito Santo, and Paraná), Peru and Bolivia ( Fig. 33 ).

Material examined. Epigean material: PERU: Madre de Dios, Zona Reservada Tambopata (12°55'57''S; 69°16'50''W), 1M, D. Silva coll., 19.V.1988 ( MCN 17802); BOLÍVIA: Beni, Beni Biological Station (14°38'34''S; 66°17'54''W), 1 M, H. Höfer & A. D. Brescovit coll., 27–29.VII.1997 ( MCN 24676) , 1M ( MCN 24686) ; BRAZIL: Amazonas, Manaus, Fazenda Esteio Km 41 (2°54'1''S; 60°7'7'W'), 1 F, A. D. Brescovit coll., I.1994 ( MCN 25133) ; Cave material: Pará, Parauapebas, FLONA de Carajás , Cave N4E_0089 (GEM-1562) (6°1'59''S; 50°9'6''W), 1M, 24–30.VII.2009 ( IBSP 175378 ) ; Cave S11D_0059 (705) (6°24'27702''S; 50°18'46''W), 1F, 01–14.VII.2010 ( IBSP 174297 ) ; Cave S11D_0074 (720) (6°23'33576''S; 50°19'7''W), 1F, 13–30.I.2010 ( IBSP 175825 ) ; Cave S11_0008 (S11-08) (6°25'14304''S; 50°17'12''W), 1F, 03–19.VIII.2010 ( IBSP 175865 ) ; Cave S11_0022 (S11-22) (6°25'3''S; 50°18'7''W), 1F, 03–19.VIII.2010 ( IBSP 175867 ) ; Cave S11_0023 (S11-23) (6°25'24''S; 50°18'0''W), 1F, 24.II–04.III.2010 ( IBSP 174278 ) ; Cave S11_0025 (S11-25) (6°25'19''S; 50°18'20''W), 1F, 24.II–04.III.2010 ( IBSP 175836 ) , 1M, 03–19.VIII.2010 ( IBSP 174279 ) ; Cave CAV_0025 (CAV-25) (6°24'56''S; 50°21'40''W), 1F, 22–31.V.2010 ( IBSP 175847 ) ; Cave CAV_0028 (CAV-28) (6°24'32”S; 50°22'9''W), 1F, 22–31.V.2010 ( IBSP 175849 ) ; Cave CAV_0032 (CAV-32) (6°25'36''S; 50°19'26''W), 1F, 22–31.V.2010 ( IBSP 175850 ) ; Cave CAV_0009 ( CAV _09) (6°25'21''S; 50°19'32''W), 1F, 22–28.IX.2010 ( IBSP 175857 ) all collected by R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas et al.; Serra da Bocaina, Cave SB_0011 (GEM-1431) (6°17'7''S; 49°55'35''W), 1F, 29.VIII–27.IX.2012 ( IBSP 183367 ) ; Cave SB_0021 (GEM-1441) (6°19'29''S; 49°58'24''W), 1F, 01.IV.2011 ( IBSP 183365 ) ; Cave SB_0090 (GEM-1506) (6°18'38''S; 49°54'40''W), 1F, 10–31.I.2013 ( IBSP 183368 ) ; Cave SB_0094 (GEM-1510) (6°18'1''S; 49°57'9''W), 1F, 29.VIII–27.IX.2012 ( IBSP 174280 ) ; Cave SB_0109 (6°21192'0''S; 49°58'35''W), 1M, 10–31.I.2013 ( IBSP 174281 ) ; Cave SB_0112 (GEM-1525) (6°21'11''S; 49°58'35''W), 1F, 20–26.VI.2013 ( IBSP 183577 ) ; Cave SB_0114 (GEM-1527) (6°21'10''S; 49°58'37''W), 2F, 20–26.VI.2013 ( IBSP 174282 ) , 2F, 10–31.I.2013 ( IBSP 183371 ) , 1F ( IBSP 183372 ) ; Cave SB_0115 (GEM-1528) (6°21'12''S; 49°58'37''W), 1F, 20.IX–01.X.2011 ( IBSP 183366 ) ; Cave SB_0119 (GEM-1539) (6°21'12''S; 49°58'43''W), 1F, 10–31.I.2013 ( IBSP 183370 ) ; Cave SB_0124 (GEM-1592) (6°21'15''S; 49°59'8''W), 2F, 10–31.I.2013 ( IBSP 183369 ) ; Cave SB_0170 (6°18'36''S; 50°0'10''W), 1F, 08–22.V.2013 ( IBSP 183573 ) , 1M, 10–20.IX.2013 ( IBSP 174283 ) ; Cave SB_0185 (6°20'39156''S; 49°58'15''W), 1F, 08–22.V.2013 ( IBSP 183574 ) , 1M ( IBSP 183575 ) ; Cave SB_0220 (6°18'3''S; 49°57'56''W), 1F, 08–22.V.2013 ( IBSP 183576 ) ; Cave SB_0231 (6°20'31''S; 49°59'43''W), 1M, 13–23.II.2014 ( IBSP 183579 ) ; Cave SB_0234 (6°20'27''S; 49°54'17''W), 1M, 12–22.X.2013 ( IBSP 183578 ) all collected by C. A. R. Souza & J. Mascarenhas et al. coll.; Alagoas, Murici, Estação Ecológica de Murici (9°15'S; 35°51''W), 1M, Equipe Biota coll., 13–22.IX.2003 ( MCN 43784) ; Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Floresta da Cicuta (2°12'S; 43°16'W), 1M, Equipe Biota coll., 11–18.VI.2001 ( MCN 42346) , 1M ( MCN 42381) , 1M ( MCN 42382) ; Paraná, Antonina, Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira (25°25'53''S; 48°44'39''W), 1M, 2 F, E. Alvares coll., 23.IX.2005 ( MCN 45899) .

Figures

FIGURE 33. Distribution of Cryptachaea species: Circle, Cryptachaea migrans (Keyserling, 1884); Star, Cryptachaea jequirituba (Levi, 1963).

FIGURES 15–19. Cryptachaea migrans (Keyserling, 1884): 15, Male: 15, Palp, ventral. 16–17, Female. 16, Epigynum, ventral. 17, Dorsal, clarified. 18–19, Body, dorsal view: 18, Male, 19, Female. Scale bars 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 26–31. Cryptachaea migrans (Keyserling, 1884): 26–30, Male palp: 26, ventral. 27, Ventral; 28, Subapical. 29, Dorsal. 30, Tarsal organ. 31, Epigynum.