Rhinolophus cf. luctoides

Volleth, Marianne, Son, Nguyen Truong, Wu, Yi, Li, Yuchun, Yu, Wenhua, Lin, Liang-Kong, Arai, Satoru, Trifonov, Vladimir, Liehr, Thomas & Harada, Masashi, 2017, Comparative chromosomal studies in Rhinolophus formosae and R. luctus from China and Vietnam: elevation of R. l. lanosus to species rank, Acta Chiropterologica 19 (1), pp. 41-50 : 43

Rhinolophus cf. luctoides

The male from Vietnam, morphologically determined as R. luctus , showed a karyotype with a diploid chromosome number of 2 n = 32 and an autosomal fundamental number of FNa = 60. The karyotype consisted of 15 meta- to submetacentric autosomal pairs ranging from large to small, a large metacentric X chromosome and a large acrocentric Y chromosome ( Fig. 1 ). C-banding revealed heterochromatin at all centromeres, in the proximal half of the short arm of the X chromosome, and in the Y chromosome with exception to the very proximal part ( Fig. 2A ). The secondary constriction in the short arm of chromosomal pair 8 (homologous to MMY21 and AST10) was proven to be the single site of Nucleolus Organizer Region (NOR) by silver-staining ( Fig. 2B ). The mean number of active NORs per cell was 1.7 (20 cells analyzed).

The G-banding pattern of autosomal pairs was found to be similar to R. luctoides ( Volleth et al., 2015) . The identical arm composition of autosomes as in R. luctoides was confirmed by the results of whole chromosome painting with probes from A. stoliczkanus (AST), complemented with some probes from M. myotis (MMY3/4 and MMY8 for pair 1). The hybridization results are summarized on the karyotype ( Fig. 1 ). Painting probes from biarmed AST autosomes hybridized to two different pairs each (examples in Fig. 3A and 3D ).

Figures

FIG. 1. G-banded karyotype of the R. cf. luctoides male from Vietnam. Numbers to the right of each chromosome pair indicate homology to A. stoliczkanus (AST) chromosomal arms as revealed by FISH with AST probes and G-band comparison. On the left of each chromosomal pair, homology to chromosomal arms or segments of the vespertilionid Myotis myotis (MMY) is given. The inset shows the heterochromatic segments of the

FIG. 2. Metaphase spreads of R. cf. luctoides after CBG-staining (A) and silver-staining (B), respectively. The arrows in B

FIG. 3. FISH examples showing the hybridization patterns of A. stoliczkanus (AST) chromosome-specific painting probes onto metaphase spreads of R. cf. luctoides (A, D), R. lanosus (B, E) and R. formosae (C, F). A–C — hybridization signals of AST1 (red) and AST8 (green) meet in chromosome 5 in R. cf. luctoides (A) and R. lanosus (B) but not in R. formosae (C). In B and C AST X (yellow) was applied in addition. D, E — hybridization signals of AST2 (green) and AST5 (red) meet in chromosome 3 of R. cf. luctoides (D), but not in R. lanosus (E), where AST2 (green) is found in combination with AST1 (red) on chromosome 4 instead.