Dineura Dahlbom, 1835

Macek, Jan, 2015, Descriptions and key to larvae of Central European Dineura (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (2), pp. 787-796 : 788-790

Dineura Dahlbom, 1835

Dineura Dahlbom, 1835 : Type species: Tenthredo degeeri Klug, 1817 [= Dineura virididorsata ( Retzius, 1783) ], by subsequent designation of WESTWOOD (1839).

Diagnosis of the larvae. Colour. Head amber yellow to green; body green with blackish transparent dorsal vessel; two last annulets of each abdominal segment whitish.

Morphology. Head spherical, densely covered with erect long setae; vertex (including parietal areas and occiput between lateral sutures) with network of granular texture; diameter of ocularium shorter than malar space; antennae flat, not prominent; clypeus with four setae, labrum symmetrical, slightly emarginated anteriorly, with four setae; mandibles with one seta on the lateral side; maxillae with one seta on stipes, palpifer with two to three setae. Body from thorax tapering posteriorly with flattened ventral side; thorax widened and convex with enlarged lateral lobes of meso- and metathorax; abdomen with prominent subspiracular and surpedal lobes; cuticle with fine granular texture; abdominal segments with six annulets, the first, second and fourth annulets with paired and single setae combined, mostly on more or less prominent warts; anal segment with long setae, prolegs on the inner side with two to three short setae.

Bionomics. Univoltine, flight period from May to July according to the climatic conditions and location. Larval period from July to October. The larval food plants are trees or shrubs of Rosaceae , Betulaceae and Fagaceae . The larval development is very slow, extending over 3 months. Larvae graze on the upper leaf epidermis, and rest with the body stretched on the lower side of the host leaf. Eonymphs burrow into upper soil layers, debris, or bore in rotten wood, branches or tree stumps, where they spin a firm cocoon in which the praepupa hibernates. Pupation takes place in the spring of the next year ( BRISCHKE 1883, LORENZ & KRAUS 1957, VERZHUTSKII 1981).