Seladonia submediterranea Pauly

Pauly, Alain, Devalez, Jelle, Sonet, Gontran, Nagy, Zoltán Tamás & Boevé, Jean-Luc, 2015, DNA barcoding and male genital morphology reveal five new cryptic species in the West Palearctic bee Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae), Zootaxa 4034 (2), pp. 257-290 : 274-277

Seladonia submediterranea Pauly sp. nov.

( Figs 14–15 , 23 c,d, 24e)

Halictus smaragdulus Form C in Pauly & Rassel 1982: 144.

Diagnosis. The male of S. submediterranea differs from that of S. smaragdula and S. phryganica by the "boomerang-shaped" underplate of the large projection of the gonocoxite ( Fig. 14 ). It differs from S. orientana by the longer, not so thick and less pubescent small projection of the gonocoxite ( Fig. 14 , 24 e). From S. gemmella it differs by the narrower distal plate of the large projection of the gonocoxite (length/width = 2.46) ( Fig. 14 ).

Females of S. submediterranea cannot be distinguished from the other species of the S. smaragdula complex by morphological characters. However, female specimens collected in Central Europe belong to this species.

Description. Male and female as described for S. smaragdula except as follows: underplate of large projection of male gonocoxite boomerang-shaped, distal part of plate narrow. Small projection moderately thin, as long as large projection, with few setae at apex. Fourth antennal segment of the male moderately short (length/width = 1.32).

Variations. In Central Europe the head of both sexes is often shorter and its punctation is stronger than in other regions.

Holotype. FRANCE, Deux-Sèvres, Saint Martin-de-Bernegoue, 46°13'N 0°22'W, 55m, 8.VI.2011, Centaurea cyanus , 1♂, leg. C. Maffre & O. Rollin (Pol2011.2451) ( RBINS).

Paratypes (67 males with genitalia dissected, 3 barcoded females from the Mediterranean area, and 67 females identified based on their geographic distribution in Central Europe).

THE NETHERLANDS. Bemelen, "Nekami groeve", 2.VII.1999, 1♀, leg. V. Lefeber (dt Franck van der Meer 2005, rev. AP) ( RMNHL).

GERMANY. Sachsen-Anhalt, Wettin, 20.IV.1982, 2♀, 8.VII.1982, 1♂, 1♀ ( Ebmer, 1987).—Sachsen-Anhalt, SW Reuden, 51.668°N 12.216°E, 2.VII.2014, 3♀, leg. & col. C. Schmid-Egger, 2♀ ( ZSM GBOL 09915), 23.VII.2014, 1♀ ( ZSM GBOL 09916).—Brandenburg, Hohenleipisch, 1994, 1♀ ( Dathe et al. 1995).—Hessen, Viernheim, "NSG Glockenbuckel", "Binnendüne", 15.VI.1996, 1♀, 19.VII.1996, 1♀ ( Tischendorf 2002).— Hessen, Frankfurt-am-Main, "Güterbahnhof", "sandige Bahnbrache, 1.VIII.1997, 1♂, 2♀, 25.VIII.1998, 1♂, 24.IX.1998, 1♂, 20.X.1998, 1♀, 26.VI.2002, 3♀ ( Tischendorf, 2002).—Darmstadt, "US-Truppenübungsplatz", "Flugsandfeld", 22.VI.2002, 1♀ ( Tischendorf, 2002).—Hessen, Lorch, 20.VII.2002, 1♀, 16.VIII.2003, 1♂, leg. Tischendorf (Tischendorf & Frommer, 2004).—Rheinland-Pfalz, Wöllstein (Nahegau), 14.VII.1938, 2♀, col. Blüthgen (Blüthgen, 1944).—Rheinland-Pfalz, Nahetal, Schlössbockelheim, 19.VI.1996, 1♀, leg. & col. C. Schmid-Egger, 2♀ ( ZSM HYM 0 1815 & 01816).—Baden-Württemberg, Müllheim, VII.1937, 1 ♀, leg. H. Leininger ( Blüthgen, 1944; Westrich 1989).—Neuenburg, 7.VIII.1927, 1♀ ( Westrich 1989).—Karlsruhe, 28.IX.1982, 1♂ ( Westrich & Schmidt, 1985).—"Bei der Limburg im Kaiserstuhl" ( Blüthgen, 1944).—Baden- Baden ( Gauss, 1967).—Baden-Würtemberg, Kaiserstuhl, Vogtsburg, Badberg, 48.08°N 7.67°E, 16.VIII.2008, leg. & col. C. Schmid-Egger.—Baden-Würtemberg, Müllheim, 47.82°N 7.62°E, 13.IV.2014, 1♀, leg. & col. C. Schmid-Egger, 1♀ ( ZSM HYM 22010).

AUSTRIA. Burgenland, Neusiedl-am-See, 7–11. VIII.1967, 1 ♂, leg. Ebmer.

FRANCE. Manche, Carolles, Moulin de Carolles, 15.V.2004, 1♀, leg. & col. A. Livory.—Manche, Champeaux, 12.VIII.2006, Scilla autumnalis , 1♀, leg. & col. X. Lair.—Val d'Oise, Guiry-en-Vexin, 8.VIII.2004, 1♀, Eryngium campestre , leg. & col. S. Gadoum.—Yvelines, Les Mureaux, 21.VII.1996, 1♀, leg. & col. S. Gadoum.—Yvelines, Guernes, 10.VII.2003, 1♀, leg. & col. S. Gadoum (Gadoum & Pauly, 2006).—Saint-Martinla-Garenne, 11.VI.2004, 1♀, leg. & col. S. Gadoum.—Essone, Lardy, 1♀, leg. H. Honoré ( RBINS).—Val de Marne, Nogent-sur-Marne, bords de la Marne, 11.VII.1900, 1♂, leg. Fleutiaux ( MNHNP).—Haut-Rhin, Niedermorschwihr, 21.VII.1938, 1♀ ( MZS).—Colmar, 1♀, leg. M. Klein ( Blüthgen, 1944).—Haut-Rhin, Colmar, Bollenberg, 22.VIII.1993, 1♂, leg. Stuke, col. C. Schmid-Egger.—Haut-Rhin, 21 km NNW Mulhouse, S. Westhalten, Bolenberg, 47.57°N 07.16°E, 8.VIII.1999, 1♀, leg. & col. Schmid-Egger, 1♀ ( ZSM HYM 01817).— Loire Atlantique, La Bernerie-en-Retz, 8.VIII.1887, 1♀, leg. Marmottan ( MNHNP).—Loire Atlantique, Montoirde-Bretagne, Les Lévriers-Les léards, Terminal multi-vrac, 47°19'25''N 2°06'44''W, 28.IX.2012, 1♀, leg. F. Herbrecht (col. X. Lair).—Maine-et-Loire, St Rémy-la-Varenne, 1903, 1♀ ( MNHNP).—Maine-et-Loire, Beaulieusur-Layon, RNR Pont-Barré, 47,31816°N 0,62277°W, coteau calcaire, 28.VII.2011, 1♀, 5.IX.2011, 2♀, leg. F. Herbrecht (col. Gretia & X. Lair).—Vendée, Longeville, 19.IX.1965, 1♀ ( BMNH).—Nièvre, Decize, 13.VIII.1979, 2♀, 5.IX.1979, 1♂, leg. & col. H. Marion ( RBINS).—Nièvre, Teinte, Sougy-sur-Loire, 23.VII.1979, 1♀, leg. H. Marion ( MNHNP).—Allier, Vichy, 29.V.1874, 1♀, leg. J. Tosquinet ( RBINS).—Deux-Sèvres, Vallans, 46°12'N 32°31'W, 49m, 4.VI.2011, Torilis / Anthriscus , 1♀ (Pol2011.3297).—Deux-Sèvres, Secondigné-sur-Belle, 46°N10'W 0°20'W, 50m, 29.V.2011, Torilis / Anthriscus , 1♀, (Pol2011.3279), 30.VI.2011, Picris echioides , 1♀ (Pol2011.4436), Plantago lanceolata , 1♀ (Pol2011.4446).—Deux-Sèvres, Saint Martin de Bernegoue, 46°13'N 0°22'W, 55m, 8.VI.2011, Centaurea cyanus , 1♀, 1♂ (Pol2011.2470 et Pol2011.2451).—Deux-Sèvres, Belleville, 46°8'N 0°29'W, 50–100m, 23.V.2011, Anthemis arvensis , 1♀ (Pol2011.2092), 27.VI.2012, Trifolium repens , 2♀(Pol2012.1913 et Pol2012.1915), 26.VII.2012, Ammi majus , 1♀ (Pol2012.6917), Daucus carota , 2♀ (Pol2012.5211, Pol2012.5220).—Deux-Sèvres, Perigne, 46°11'N 0°16'W, 12.VI.2012, Leucanthemum vulgare , 1♀ (Pol2012.4703), 1♂ (Pol2012.4896).—Deux-Sèvres, Frontenay-Rohan-Rohan, 46°15'N 0°33'W, 27.VI.2012, Trifolium repens , 2♀ (Pol2012.2758 & Pol2012.2759), 7.VIII.2012, Daucus carota , 2♀ (Pol2012.4891 & Pol2012.4892).—Deux-Sèvres, Prissé-la-Charrière, 46°9'N 0°29'W, 50–100m, 27.VI.2011, Malva sylvestris , 1♂ (Pol2011.3817), 2.VII.2011, Malva sylvestris , 1♀ (Pol2011.5089), 4.VII.2011, Ammi majus , 1♀ (Pol2011.5902), 24.VIII.2011, Ammi majus , 1♀ (Pol2011.4295), 26.VII.2012, Crepis - Hieracium sp., 1♀ (Pol. 2012.6383).—Deux Sèvres, Saint Symphorien, 46°15'N 0°28'W, 50–100m, 18.VII.2012, Daucus carota , 2♀ (Pol.2012.6685 et Pol2012.6174).—Deux-Sèvres, Brulain, 46°11'N 0°19'W, 50–100m, 23.VII.2012, Daucus carota , 1♀ (Pol2012.6749).—Deux-Sèvres, Granzay, 46°13'N 0°27'W, 50–100m, 25.VII.2012, Daucus carota , 1♀ (Pol20125773).—Deux-Sèvres, Fors, 46°14'N 0°25'W, 25.VII.2012, Centaurea jacea , 2♀ (Pol2012.6098 et Pol2012.6103).—Deux-Sèvres, Niort, 46°18'N 0°24'W, 47m, 1.VII.2011, Centaurea jacea , 1♀ (Pol2011.5549), Origanum vulgare , 1♀ (Pol2011.5558).—Deux Sèvres, Marigny, 46°11'N 0°24'W, 64m, 11.VII.2011, Falcaria vulgaris , 2♀ (Pol2011.4476 & Pol2011.4482).—Deux-Sèvres, La Foye-Monjault, 46°12'N 0°30'W, 44m, 3.IV.2011, Torilis / Anthriscus , 1♀ (Pol2011.3671), all leg. C. Maffre/O. Rollin ( INRA, RBINS).—Charente Maritime, Doeuil-sur-le-Mignon, 46°07'N 0°30'W, 50–100m, 28.VI.2012, Inula helenium , 1♀ (Pol2012.2839) ( INRA).—Landes, Castelsarrazin, 12.VII.1972, 1♂ ( FSAG).—Gers, Laymont, L'Espinette, 6.IX.2010, 1♂, leg. D. Genoud.—Gers, Laymont, Le Rumeau, 10.VIII.2010, 1♂, leg. D. Genoud.—Gers, Laymont, Ruisseau de Monès, 6.IX.2010, 1♂, leg. D. Genoud.—Gers, Mongausy, Larroucau, Sensas, 17.VIII.2010, 1♂, leg. D. Genoud.—Haute- Garonne, Casties-Labrande, bord ruisseau de Magnac, 17.VIII.2010, leg. D. Genoud.—Var, Montauroux, 29.V.1970, 1♂, leg. van der Vecht ( RMNHL).—Var, Gonfaron, 150m, 30.VII.1991, Scabiosa atropurpurea , 1♂, leg. M. Terzo (UMH).—Var, Gonfaron, 150m, 30.VII.1991, Origanum vulgare , 1♂, leg. M. Terzo (UMH).—Var, Les Mayons, Bastide d'Aille, 96m, 16.IX.1987, 1♂, leg. P. Rasmont (UMH).—Bouches du Rhône, Mallemort, 16– 25. VII.1984, 1 ♂, leg. H. Wiering ( RMNHL).—Bouches du Rhône, Barbegal, 18.VIII.1994, 1♂ ( RMNHL).— Pyrénées Orientales, Alenya, Etang de Canet, 1.VII.1994, 2♂, leg. H. & J. E. Wiering ( RMNHL).

SPAIN. Huesca, Jaca, Pena de Oroel, 1210m, 2.VIII.1995, Eryngium campestre , 4♂, leg. M. Terzo (UMH).— Segovia, Gd Parada, Cerezo de Abajo, 7.VIII.2013, leg F.J. Ortiz-Sanchez.—Avila, Dehesa de la Cogota, 40°31'N 4°40'W, 6.VIII.2013, leg. F.J. Ortiz-Sanchez.—Barcelona, Montseny, 2012, n° MNLG 04-72-M6, leg. J. Bosch.— Gerona, Puigcerda, 28.VII.1934, 1♂ ( MNHNP).—Sevilla, Ecija, 18.IX.1952, 1♂, leg. B. De Jong et al. ( RMNHL).

PORTUGAL. Porto, Leca de Palmeira, 3.VIII.1962, 1♂, low vegetation near seashore, leg. J. Abraham & L. Horacsek ( BMNH).

CROATIA. Hvar Island, 10.VI.1962, 2♂, 12.VI.1962, 1♂, 15.VI.1962, 1♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner, 21.VI.1962, 1♂, leg. J. Schmied, col. M. Schwarz.

ROMANIA. Comana Vlasca, 1911, 1 ♂, leg. A.L. Montandon ( MNHNP).—Bucarest, 1♂ ( FSAG).

BULGARIA. (SW) Vlahi, 14.VIII.1993, 1♂, leg. M. Halada, col. M. Schwarz.—Prov. Burgas, Mesemvria [42°39'N 27°44'E], 12.VIII.1956, 2♂, leg. W.J. Pulawski, col. M. Schwarz.—Slncev Brjac (Slantchev Briag), 16.VII.1968, 1♂, leg. Kocourek ( OOLM).

USSR. Krym, Yalta, 8.X.1985, 1♂, leg. M. Halada ( OOLM).

IRAN. Mazdaran Prov., 10 km S. Chaloos, N 36.51° E 51.33°, 380m, 15.VI.2010, 1♂, leg. Mi Halada ( OOLM).—Gilan Prov., Tulkabo near Roodbar, N 36.83° E 49.66°, 16.VI.2010, 3♂, leg. Mi Halada ( OOLM).— Elburs, Damavand-Gebiet, Polur, 2000m, 22.VII.1977, 1♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner ( OOLM).

Material identified (not included in the type series). ITALY. Sardinia, Macomer, 24.V.1965, leg. S. Nowitzky, col. M. Schwarz.—Sardinia, Cagliari, 10.VII.1959, 1♂, leg. H. Wolff ( OOLM).

TURKEY. Ankara, 22.VI.1993, 1♂, leg. K. Denes ( OOLM).—Hakkari, 1250m, südl. Beytussebap, 10.VIII.1983, 13 ♂, leg. K. Warncke (col. M. Schwarz), 11♂ ( OOLM).—Artvin, Damar near Murgul, 1– 3. VII.1997, 1 ♂, leg. P. Prudek & M. Riha ( OOLM).—Bayburt 10 km N, Gümüshane, 1600m, 22.VIII.1991, 1♂, leg. K. Warncke ( OOLM).

Distribution. Central Europe. It occurs from central Spain to southern Germany and the Danubian valley, to the East in northern Iran ( Fig. 15 ).

Host plants. Specimens of this species have been collected on Apiaceae , Asteraceae and some other families of plants: Ammi majus L., Anthriscus sp., Daucus carota L., Eryngium campestre L., Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. , Torilis sp. ( Apiaceae ), Anthemis arvensis L., Centaurea cyanus L., Centaurea jacea L., Crepis sp., Hieracium sp., Inula helenium L., Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. , Picris echioides L. ( Asteraceae ), Scabiosa atropurpurea L. (" Dipsacaceae ", now Caprifoliaceae ), Origanum vulgare L. ( Lamiaceae ), Malva sylvestris L. ( Malvaceae ), Trifolium repens L. ( Fabaceae ), Scilla autumnalis L. ( Liliaceae ), Plantago lanceolata L. ( Plantaginaceae ).

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the submediterranean distribution of this species.

Comments. This species is found in Central Europe. Specimens from Iran have been barcoded and shared the same barcode as the Central European specimens. Identification of specimens from Turkey and Sardinia need to be confirmed by barcoding. Specimens from NE Turkey differ by having a larger "boomerang-shaped" underplate of the large projection of the gonocoxite and they may constitute a subspecies or another cryptic species. They were not been included in the type series.

We were able to examine a few specimens of S. submediterranea and S. orientana from the large islands of Sardinia and Sicily. Because no fresh specimens were available for barcoding, we tentatively used the morphology of the small projection of the gonocoxite to include the specimens from Sardinia in S. submediterranea and one specimen from Sicily in S. orientana .

Figures

FIGURE 14. Seladonia submediterranea sp. nov., male holotype (= form C) (France, Deux-Sèvres, Saint-Martin-de- Bernegoue), ventral view of the projections of the gonocoxites.

FIGURE 15. Geographic distribution of Seladonia submediterranea sp. nov. (males with genitalia form C, barcoded females from Southern Europe and females from Central Europe).

FIGURE 23. Ventral view of the large projection of the male gonocoxite of Seladonia gemmella sp. nov., S. submediterranea sp. nov. and S. orientana sp. nov. Left photographs are reproduced from Pauly & Rassel (1982), at right new photographs by Pauly & Cillis; a, S. gemmella (Spain, Alicante); b, S. gemmella (Spain, Almeria); c, S. submediterranea (Romania, Bucarest); d, S. submediterranea (France, Deux-Sèvres); e, S. orientana (Croatia, Ugljan); f, S. orientana (Greece, Samothrace).

FIGURE 24. Contour of the small projection, in lateral view, of the male gonocoxite in the species of the Seladonia smaragdula complex; a, S. smaragdula (Spain, Almeria); b, S. phryganica sp. nov. (Greece, Anafi); c, S. gemmella sp. nov. (Spain, Almeria); d, S. cretella sp. nov. (Greece, Crete); e, S. submediterranea sp. nov. (France, Deux-Sèvres); f, S. orientana sp. nov. (Greece, Lesvos).