Neotrops darwini, Grismado & Ramírez, 2013Neotrops tucumanus (Simon, 1907) Grismado & Ramírez, 2013

Grismado, Cristian J. & Ramírez, Martín J., 2013, The New World Goblin Spiders Of The New Genus Neotrops (Araneae: Oonopidae), Part 1, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2013 (383), pp. 1-150 : 8-37

Neotrops darwini , new species

Figures 1–19 , 26A–B ; map 1

TYPES: Male holotype from Argentina: Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur, Canal de Viamonte , ‾ 34.60458 °, ‾ 58.35008 °, Sept. 15, 2008, A. Mamani, P. Turienzo ( MACN-Ar 21925 PBI_ OON 14971 ) ; same reserve, Tessaria integrifolia forest, ‾ 34.60444 °, ‾ 58.35000 ° Apr. 13, 2009, A. Mamani, L. Zapata, 1 female paratype ( MACN-Ar 21604 PBI_ OON 14957 ), same locality, Oct. 27, 2008, A. Mamani, 1 male paratype ( MACN-Ar 23585 PBI_ OON 15010 ), 1 male and 2 female paratypes ( MACN-Ar 26077 PBI_ OON 30641 ), all deposited in MACN-Ar .

ETYMOLOGY: This specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Charles Darwin (1809– 1882), in commemoration of the recent 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species and the 200th anniversary of his birth. A substantial and fruitful part of Darwin’s expedition took place in Argentina.

DIAGNOSIS: N. darwini males are very similar to those of N. tucumanus by the elongated bulb, but differ by the embolus being more strongly curved, and the conductor slightly bent upward at the apex and distally widened (fig. 26B). Females also resemble to those of N. tucumanus but the anterior receptacle is distally widened (fig. 26A).

DESCRIPTION: MALE (holotype, PBI_ OON 14971 ).Total length 1.74. Cephalothorax: Carapace pale orange, ovoid in dorsal view, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to between 0.5 and 0.75 times its maximum width, cuticle surface with small platelets (as in fig. 3A), iridescent under light microscope; lateral margin undulate; nonmarginal pars cephalica setae absent; nonmarginal pars thoracica setae dark, needlelike; marginal setae dark, needlelike. Clypeus setae present, dark, stout, many stout erect setae reaching the ocular area. Eyes on a dark area, ALE largest, circular, PME oval, PLE oval; posterior eye row almost straight from front and recurved from above; ALE separated by more than their diameter, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius (fig. 11C). Sternum longer than wide, yellow, anterior margin unmodified, posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV; setae sparse, evenly scattered (fig. 11B). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites, and labium yellow, cheliceral setae light, evenly scattered. Labium anterior margin indented at middle, with six or more setae. Endites distally not excavated, with a lateral expansion, membranous, with scalelike micosculpture, with a bunch of modified setae directed inward (fig. 12B). Abdomen: Dorsum white. Epigastric and postepigastric area with dark, needlelike setae. Postepigastric scutum yellow. Spinneret scutum absent. Dorsum with dark, needlelike setae. Colulus represented only by setae. Spinnerets (fig. 13C–F): ALS: one major ampullate gland spigot and three piriform ones; PMS: with three spigots; PLS: with four spigots. Legs: Yellow; femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III, tibia IV with specialized hairs on ventral apex (fig. 12H). Leg spination: leg I: femora d1-1, pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2- 2-2; leg II: femora d1-1, pv0-0-0-0-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2, leg III: femora d1-1, tibiae d1, p1-1, v1ap, metatarsi p1-1, v1- 1ap; leg IV: femora d1-1-1, tibiae d1, p1-1, r1- 1, v1ap, metatarsi d1-0-1, p1-1, r1-1, v1-1ap. Tarsal organ (only those examined under SEM are reported): I with three sensilla, IV and palp, both with two sensilla visible (fig. 14E–G). Genitalia: Palp (figs. 15, 17B– D, 20B): proximal segments pale orange; femur normal size, two or more times as long as trochanter; cymbium pale orange, ovoid in dorsal view, not fused with bulb; bulb pale orange, more than two times as long as cymbium, slender, elongated, distal part with a forward-directed conductor, slightly curved apically, a flattened tip, and a narrow basal opening on its prolateral side (fig. 15C–F), probably for discharging the internal vesicle of the conductor. Embolus light; strongly curved, with a flattened opening (fig. 15F).

FEMALE (paratype, PBI_ OON 14957 ). Total length 2.10. As in male except as noted. Cephalothorax: Carapace broadly oval in dorsal view, cuticle surface with small platalets (fig. 3A) and with iridescence under light microscope. Stout clypeal setae not as erect as in male. Eyes: ALE, PME subequal, larger than PLE; ALE separated by their radius to diameter (fig. 1C). Abdomen: Epigastric and postepigastric area setae dark, needlelike. Spinnerets (fig. 4A–D): ALS: with one major ampullate gland spigot and four piriform ones; PMS: with 10 spigots; PLS: with 14 spigots. Legs: Patella plus tibia I nearly as long as carapace, tibiae III and IV with specialized setae ventroapically (fig. 6A– B). Leg spination (fig. 5A, C, D): leg I: femora d1-1, pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2-2; leg II: femora d1-1, pv0-0- 1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2-2, leg III: femora d1-1, tibiae d1, p1-1, r1, v2ap, metatarsi p1-1, v1-2ap; leg IV: femora d1-1-1, tibiae d1, p1-1, r1-1, v1-2ap, metatarsi d1-0-1, p1-1, v0-1-1-2ap. Tarsus I superior claws with four teeth on lateral surface of proclaw. Tarsal organ legs I–II with three sensilla, III–IV and palp with two sensilla visible (fig. 9B–F). Genitalia: Ventral view: anterior receptacle with rounded tip, visible through cuticle (fig. 18H). Dorsal view: anterior receptacle gradually widened anteriorly, with accessory glands along its base (fig. 10B, F). Posterior plate nearly oval (fig. 10A, C, E), transversal, not covering totally the anterior receptacle in dorsal view.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: ARGEN- TINA: Chaco: 100 km (the label says 1000!) NW Resistencia, Chaco NP, Dec. 12, 1990, to Dec. 17, 1990, S. J. Peck, 18 (AMNH PBI_OON 1862). Corrientes: Capital: Bella Vista, Dec. 22, 2005, Ávalos and Rubio G.,

18 (CARTROUNNE PBI_ OON 15029 ). Entre Ríos: Departamento Colón: Parque Nacional El Palmar: ‾ 31.86534 ° ‾ 58.23745 °, stones, in grassland with palms and low forest, 22 m, Aug. 06, 2011, to Aug. 08, 2011, Ramírez et al., MACN-Ar, 18 ( MACN-Ar 27994 PBI_ OON 42107 ), 28 ( MACN-Ar 27996 PBI_ OON 42120 ) ; same collectors, Arroyo El Palmar, ‾ 31.893078 ° ‾ 58.238468 °, stones and grassland with palms and riparian forest ; 10 m, Aug. 07, 2011, 18 ( MACN-Ar 28161 PBI_ OON 42004 ) ; same collectors, ‾ 31.893078 ° ‾ 58.238468 °, stones and grassland with palms and riparian forest, 10 m, Aug. 07, 2011, 1♀ ( MACN-Ar 27987 PBI_ OON 42119 ) ; same collectors, ‾ 31.88461 ° ‾ 58.23927 °, flooded grassland, in Panicum prionitis , 24 m, Aug. 07, 2011, 18, 1 juvenile ( MACN-Ar 28162 PBI_ OON 42007 ) ; same collectors, ‾ 31.86539 ° ‾ 58.24008 ° (flood- ed grassland, in grassy tussocks and Cortaderia ), 28 m, Aug. 07, 2011, to Aug. 08, 2011,

1♀ ( MACN-Ar 28158 PBI_ OON 42001 ), 28, 2 juvenile ( MACN-Ar 28157 PBI_ OON 42005 ), 1♀, 7 juvenile ( MACN-Ar 28010 PBI_ OON 42008 ), 1♀ ( MACN-Ar 28012 PBI_ OON 42009 ), 1♀ ( MACN-Ar 28011 PBI_ OON 42010 ), 1♀, 28 ( MACN-Ar 28013 PBI_ OON 42011 ), 6♀, 18 (MACN- Ar 28006 PBI_ OON 42012 ), 7♀ ( MACN-Ar 28007 PBI_ OON 42013 ), 68, 7 juvenile ( MACN-Ar 28007 PBI_ OON 42013 ), 1♀, 18, 3 juvenile ( MACN-Ar 28016 PBI_ OON 42014 ), 1♀ ( MACN-Ar 28009 PBI_ OON 42104 ), 18, 4♀ ( MACN-Ar 27997 PBI_ OON 42111 ), 18, 5 juvenile ( MACN-Ar 28002 PBI_ OON 42113 ), 1♀ ( MACN-Ar 28002 PBI_ OON 42113 ), 18 ( MACN-Ar 28015 PBI_ OON 42115 ), 18 ( MACN-Ar 28014 PBI_ OON 42123 ) ; same collectors, ‾ 31.88484 ° ‾ 58.23930 °, grassland close to marsh, in grassy tussock, 25 m, Aug. 07, 2011, 2♀ ( MACN-Ar 28160 PBI_ OON 42002 ), 18, 1♀, 1juvenile ( MACN-Ar 28159 PBI_ OON 42006 ), 1♀, 18 ; 2 juvenile ( MACN-Ar 27999 PBI_ OON 42099 ), 18, 1♀, 1 juvenile ( MACN-Ar 27988 PBI_ OON 42110 ) ; same collectors, Sector Sur , ‾ 31.88768 ° ‾ 58.31186 °, grass- land and low forest with palms, 30 m, Aug. 07, 2011, 28, 1♀ ( MACN-Ar 28008 PBI_ OON 42116 ), 1♀ ( MACN-Ar 28000 PBI_ OON 42118 ) ; Dept. Uruguay: Ruta Nac. 14, 7 km E Concepción del Uruguay, ‾ 32.483128 ° ‾ 58.308484, 26 m, Aug. 08, 2011, Ramírez et al., MACN-Ar, 18 ( MACN-Ar 28018 PBI_ OON 42102 ). Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur, ‾ 34.59638 °, ‾ 58.36000 °, Mar. 30, 2009, A. Mamani, P. Turienzo, 18, 2♀ ( MACN-AR 20507 PBI_ OON 14940 ), Apr. 13, 2009, L. Zapata, A. Mamani, 1♀ ( MACN-AR 20506 PBI_OON

14941), Sept. 29, 2008, P. Turienzo, A. Mamani, 18 (MACN-AR 21603 PBI_ OON 14956 ), Feb. 16, 2009, A. Mamani, P. Turienzo, 18 (MACN-AR 21926 PBI_ OON 14972 ), Mar. 16, 2009, A. Mamani, P. Turienzo, 18 (MACN-AR 21928 PBI_ OON 14973 ), Apr. 13, 2009, A. Mamani, L. Zapata, 1♀ (MACN-AR 22172 PBI_ OON 14978 ), Feb. 16, 2009, A. Mamani, P. Turienzo, 18 (MACN-AR 22175 PBI_ OON 14977 ), Sept. 26, 2008, P. Turienzo, A. Mamani, 18 (MACN-AR 21923 PBI_ OON 14970 ), Mar. 30, 2009, A. Mamani, P. Turienzo, 1♀ (MACN-AR 22414 PBI_ OON 14987 ), Oct. 13, 2008, P. Turienzo, 1♀ (MACN-AR 22413 PBI_ OON 14988 ), Oct. 27, 2008, A. Mamani, 1♀ (MACN-AR 23121 PBI_ OON 14994 ), Jan. 19, 2009, A. Mamani, P. Turienzo, 1♀ (MACN-AR 23122 PBI_ OON 14996 ), Nov. 10, 2008, A. Mamani, P. Turienzo, 28 (MACN-AR 24297 PBI_ OON 15012 ), Sept. 29, 2008, P. Turienzo, A. Mamani, 18 (MACN-AR 21927 PBI_ OON 14974 ); same locality, Tessaria integrifolia forest, ‾ 34.60444 °, ‾ 58.35000 °, Sept. 29, 2008, P. Turienzo, A. Mamani, 5♀ (MACN-AR 21602 PBI_ OON 14955 ), Feb. 16, 2009, A. Mamani, P. Turienzo, 18 (MACN-AR 21924 PBI_ OON 14969 ), Mar. 30, 2009, A. Mamani, P. Turienzo, 1♀ (MACN-AR 22173 PBI_ OON 14975 ), Apr. 27, 2009, P. Turienzo, L. Zapata, 1♀ (MACN-AR 22174 PBI_ OON 14976 ), Nov. 10, 2008, A. Mamani, P. Turienzo, 1♀ (MACN-AR 23120 PBI_ OON 14997 ), Oct. 27, 2008, A. Mamani, 1♀ (MACN-AR 23583 PBI_ OON 15007 ), Nov. 24, 2008, A. Mamani, L. Zapata, 18 (MACN-AR 23584 PBI_ OON 15008 ), Oct. 27, 2008, A. Mamani, 1♀ (MACN-AR 24302 PBI_ OON 15011 ); same locality, Área Fuego, Parcela Norte, Apr. 08, 2011, H. Sirolli and L. Zapata, 18 (MACN-AR 27554 PBI_ OON 43198 ); same locality, Camino de los sauces: mirador al Canal Sur, 34.61694 °, 58.34722 °, Oct. 24, 2011, L. Zapata, G. Rubio, M. Izquierdo, M. Guala, y C. Grismado, 2♀ (MACN-Ar 28195 PBI_ OON 42021 ), 18 (MACN-Ar 28190 PBI_ OON 42025 ); same locality, Canal de Viamonte, forest, ‾ 34.60458 °, ‾ 58.35008 °, May 01, 2008, to Apr. 01, 2009, Lorena Zapata, 1♀ (MACN- AR 25816 PBI_ OON 30549 ), Sept. 29, 2008, P. Turienzo, A. Mamani, 3♀ (MACN-AR 25817 PBI_ OON 30550 ), Nov. 24, 2008, forest soil and litter, A. Mamani, L. Zapata, 1♀ (MACN-AR 25961 PBI_ OON 30687 ). Buenos Aires: Berazategui: Hudson, F.C.G.R., May 01, 1984, M. Ramírez, 1♀ (MACN-AR 15371 PBI_ OON 14799 ); 18 (MACN-AR 15371 PBI_ OON 14799 ). Campana: Reserva Natural Otamendi, grassy field, in ‘‘dipsacal,’’ Feb. 07, 1992, Fuentes, B. and Di Iorio, O., 18 (MACN-AR 27485 PBI_ OON 43192 ); Reserva Natural Otamendi, Entrance to ‘‘Sendero de la laguna,’’ grassland, 21 m, ‾ 34.22611 °, ‾ 58.90111 °, May 19, 2007, to June 09, 2007, C. Grismado, I. Crudele, S. Trivero, and N. Olejnik, 18 (MACN-AR 12632 PBI_ OON 14925 ). San Pedro: Reserva Municipal Vuelta de Obligado, barranca del Paraná, Grassland, ‾ 33.59722 °, ‾ 59.80944 °, Oct. 11, 2009, N. López, C. Grismado, N. Olejnik and I. Crudele coll, 1♀ (MACN- AR 24303 PBI_ OON 15013 ). Tigre: Tigre, Oct. 01, 1953, Viana, 1♀, 18, 3 juvenile (MACN-AR 15366 PBI_ OON 14763 ); Tigre, Aug. 01, 1956, Viana, 18 (MACN-AR 15368 PBI_ OON 14803 ). Zárate: Atucha, May 10, 1987, M. Ramírez, 1♀ (MACN-AR 15367 PBI_ OON 14798 ). URUGUAY: Río Negro: Fray Bentos, ‾ 33.11305 °, ‾ 58.25138 °, Dec. 20, 2007, no data of collector, 38, 3♀, 2 Juveniles (FCE 2315 PBI_ OON 42194 ).

DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, in Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, and northeast of Buenos Aires province (including Buenos Aires city), near the Paraná and La Plata rivers, and Uruguay (Río Negro). Probably also in intermediate localities along the Paraná coast (map 1).

NATURAL HISTORY: The largest series was collected by pitfall traps at the type locality, an urban ecological reserve near the Río de la Plata, in Buenos Aires city. These specimens were found in forests of Tessaria integrifolia ( Asteraceae , ‘‘aliso de río’’), but other individuals were also collected in highly disturbed neighboring areas, or in the bases of Cortaderia selloana (‘‘pampas grass’’) and other Poaceae . At El Palmar, many individuals were caught on the base of grasses ( Cortaderia and others), especially in swampy areas with diverse vegetation (both in grass-

land and forest formations). In Vuelta de Obligado, a female was collected during the night in the bank of the Paraná river, close to the entrance of a nest of the tiny ant Wasmannia auropunctata , suggesting that the spider could prey on them. Interestingly, another Argentine oonopid (the hard-bodied Gamasomorpha wasmanniae Mello-Leitão ) was collected in association with this ant species under stones, in Córdoba Province ( Birabén, 1954). Some specimens from the type locality and from Hudson are hosts of parasitoid acrocerid larvae (Shaun L. Winterton, identification from photographs). This could be the first report of the parasitoid relationship between acrocerids and oonopids. Most of the larvae were found inside the anterior part of the abdomen, near the booklungs (fig. 19B), although a few specimens are clearly visible in the cephalothorax (fig. 19C).

Neotrops tucumanus (Simon, 1907) , new combination

Figures 20–25 , 26C–D ; map 1

Oonops tucumanus Simon, 1907: 251 , f. 2. Male holotype from Argentina: Tucumán, Silvestri col. (MNHN AR 1496 PBI_ OON 30688 ). Deposited in MNHN. Examined.

DIAGNOSIS: Males are similar to those of N. darwini but have the embolus less curved and conductor straighter and distally pointed (fig. 26D). The female anterior receptacle is nearly cylindrical, not widened distally (fig. 26C).

NOTE: The holotype male has the embolus slightly shorter (broken?) and more curved than in the specimens collected in recent times (fig. 22D–F), but the shape of the conductor is identical, which distinguishes it from the closely related N. darwini .

DESCRIPTION: MALE (PBI_ OON 14766 ). Total length 2.10. Cephalothorax: Carapace yellow, ovoid in dorsal view, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to between 0.5 and 0.75 times its maximum width, cuticle surface with iridescence; lateral margin undulate; nonmarginal pars cephalica setae absent; nonmarginal pars thoracica setae absent; marginal setae dark, needlelike. Clypeus: many stout erect setae reaching to the ocular area, dark, stout (fig. 20F). Eyes on a dark area, all subequal, ALE circular, PME oval, PLE oval; posterior eye row straight from front; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius. Sternum as long as wide, light yellow, anterior margin unmodified, posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV; setae sparse, evenly scattered. Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites, and labium yellowish white, cheliceral setae dark, evenly scattered. Labium anterior margin indented at middle, with six or more setae on anterior margin. Endites distally not excavated, anteromedian tip unmodified, elongated, with a lamella laterally directed; with a longitudinal ectal ridge, especially conspicuous near the lateral margins of the labium (fig. 20E). Abdomen: Dorsum white. Epigastric and postepigastric area setae dark, needlelike. Postepigastric scutum yellow. Spinneret scutum absent. Dorsum setae present, dark, needlelike. Colulus represented only by setae. Legs: Yellow; femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III. Leg spination: leg I: femora pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2- 2-2; leg II: femora d0-1-0, pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2; leg III: femora d1-1, tibiae vap1, metatarsi vap2; leg IV: femora d1-1-1, tibiae d1-0-1, p1-1, r1-1, v0-1- 1, metatarsi vap2. Trichobothria not examined. Genitalia: Palp proximal segments pale orange; femur normal size, two or more times as long as trochanter; cymbium pale orange, ovoid in dorsal view, not fused with bulb; bulb pale orange, more than two times as long as cymbium, slender, elongated, distal part with an anteriorly directed, razor-shaped conductor; embolus light (figs. 26D, 21B–D).

FEMALE (PBI_ OON 14766 ). Total length 2.17. As in male except as noted. Cephalothorax: Carapace broadly oval in dorsal view (figs. 23D, 24A), cuticle surface with iridescence and elongated platelets (fig. 24G). The stout clypeal setae are not as erect as in the male. Eyes on a dark area. Sternum precoxal triangles present; setae dark. Palp spines absent (fig. 25A). Abdomen: Epigastric and postepigastric area setae dark, needlelike. Legs: Patella plus tibia I nearly as long as carapace. Leg spination: leg I: femora pv0-0- 1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2-2; leg II: femora pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2-2; leg III: femora d1-1, tibiae vap1, metatarsi vap2; leg IV: femora IV d1-1- 1, tibiae d1-0-1, p1-1, r1-1, v0-1-1, metatarsi d1, vap2. Genitalia (figs. 23H, 26C): Ventral view: dark anterior receptacle and the wide, V-shaped transverse ridges visible through

cuticle. Anterior receptacle cylindrical, not widened at the tip, with accessory glands along most of its length. Posterodorsal plate transverse, oval, not completely covering anterior receptacle in dorsal view.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: ARGEN- TINA: Catamarca: Chumbicha , Aug. 01, 1994, M. Ramírez, 18 ( MACN-AR 15376 PBI_ OON 14781 ), 18 ( MACN-AR 15378 PBI_ OON 14782 ) ; Sierra de Ancasti, Yungas, under stones, June 22, 2011, G. Rubio, 1♀ ( MACN-Ar 27897 PBI_ OON 43219 ). Jujuy: Perales , Dec. 13, 1950, M. Biraben, 18 ( MLP 134 PBI_ OON 14759 ). Salta: Road to Posta de Yatasto , montane forest, 807 m, ‾ 25.59096 °, ‾ 64.95250 °, Nov. 03, 2006, G. Rubio, 1♀ ( CDA PBI_ OON 30674 ). Tucumán: 5 km O después de El Indio , camino a Tafí del Valle , Apr. 21, 2000, P. Goloboff and L. Lopardo, 38, 3 juvenile ( MACN-AR 15379 PBI_ OON 14783 ) ; Cochuna , July 02, 1995, M. Ramirez, P. Golob- off, 28, 1♀, 2 juvenile ( MACN-AR 15377 PBI_ OON 14766 ) ; Ruta Provincial 307, 10 km NO de El Indio, Nov. 24, 1994, M. Ramírez and P. Goloboff, 1♀ ( MACN-AR 15375 PBI_ OON 14780 ) ; Ruta Provincial 307, km 36, Yungas , leaf litter, Nov. 01, 2004, C. Grismado and L. Compagnucci, 1♀ ( MACN-AR 27430 PBI_ OON 43098 ) .

DISTRIBUTION: Yungas (montane forests) of the northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, and Catamarca provinces (map 1).

NATURAL HISTORY: Unknown.

Neotrops tucumanus (Simon, 1907) , new combination

Figures 20–25 , 26C–D ; map 1

Oonops tucumanus Simon, 1907: 251 , f. 2. Male holotype from Argentina: Tucumán, Silvestri col. (MNHN AR 1496 PBI_ OON 30688 ). Deposited in MNHN. Examined.

DIAGNOSIS: Males are similar to those of N. darwini but have the embolus less curved and conductor straighter and distally pointed (fig. 26D). The female anterior receptacle is nearly cylindrical, not widened distally (fig. 26C).

NOTE: The holotype male has the embolus slightly shorter (broken?) and more curved than in the specimens collected in recent times (fig. 22D–F), but the shape of the conductor is identical, which distinguishes it from the closely related N. darwini .

DESCRIPTION: MALE (PBI_ OON 14766 ). Total length 2.10. Cephalothorax: Carapace yellow, ovoid in dorsal view, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to between 0.5 and 0.75 times its maximum width, cuticle surface with iridescence; lateral margin undulate; nonmarginal pars cephalica setae absent; nonmarginal pars thoracica setae absent; marginal setae dark, needlelike. Clypeus: many stout erect setae reaching to the ocular area, dark, stout (fig. 20F). Eyes on a dark area, all subequal, ALE circular, PME oval, PLE oval; posterior eye row straight from front; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius. Sternum as long as wide, light yellow, anterior margin unmodified, posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV; setae sparse, evenly scattered. Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites, and labium yellowish white, cheliceral setae dark, evenly scattered. Labium anterior margin indented at middle, with six or more setae on anterior margin. Endites distally not excavated, anteromedian tip unmodified, elongated, with a lamella laterally directed; with a longitudinal ectal ridge, especially conspicuous near the lateral margins of the labium (fig. 20E). Abdomen: Dorsum white. Epigastric and postepigastric area setae dark, needlelike. Postepigastric scutum yellow. Spinneret scutum absent. Dorsum setae present, dark, needlelike. Colulus represented only by setae. Legs: Yellow; femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III. Leg spination: leg I: femora pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2- 2-2; leg II: femora d0-1-0, pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2; leg III: femora d1-1, tibiae vap1, metatarsi vap2; leg IV: femora d1-1-1, tibiae d1-0-1, p1-1, r1-1, v0-1- 1, metatarsi vap2. Trichobothria not examined. Genitalia: Palp proximal segments pale orange; femur normal size, two or more times as long as trochanter; cymbium pale orange, ovoid in dorsal view, not fused with bulb; bulb pale orange, more than two times as long as cymbium, slender, elongated, distal part with an anteriorly directed, razor-shaped conductor; embolus light (figs. 26D, 21B–D).

FEMALE (PBI_ OON 14766 ). Total length 2.17. As in male except as noted. Cephalothorax: Carapace broadly oval in dorsal view (figs. 23D, 24A), cuticle surface with iridescence and elongated platelets (fig. 24G). The stout clypeal setae are not as erect as in the male. Eyes on a dark area. Sternum precoxal triangles present; setae dark. Palp spines absent (fig. 25A). Abdomen: Epigastric and postepigastric area setae dark, needlelike. Legs: Patella plus tibia I nearly as long as carapace. Leg spination: leg I: femora pv0-0- 1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2-2; leg II: femora pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2-2; leg III: femora d1-1, tibiae vap1, metatarsi vap2; leg IV: femora IV d1-1- 1, tibiae d1-0-1, p1-1, r1-1, v0-1-1, metatarsi d1, vap2. Genitalia (figs. 23H, 26C): Ventral view: dark anterior receptacle and the wide, V-shaped transverse ridges visible through

cuticle. Anterior receptacle cylindrical, not widened at the tip, with accessory glands along most of its length. Posterodorsal plate transverse, oval, not completely covering anterior receptacle in dorsal view.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: ARGEN- TINA: Catamarca: Chumbicha , Aug. 01, 1994, M. Ramírez, 18 ( MACN-AR 15376 PBI_ OON 14781 ), 18 ( MACN-AR 15378 PBI_ OON 14782 ) ; Sierra de Ancasti, Yungas, under stones, June 22, 2011, G. Rubio, 1♀ ( MACN-Ar 27897 PBI_ OON 43219 ). Jujuy: Perales , Dec. 13, 1950, M. Biraben, 18 ( MLP 134 PBI_ OON 14759 ). Salta: Road to Posta de Yatasto , montane forest, 807 m, ‾ 25.59096 °, ‾ 64.95250 °, Nov. 03, 2006, G. Rubio, 1♀ ( CDA PBI_ OON 30674 ). Tucumán: 5 km O después de El Indio , camino a Tafí del Valle , Apr. 21, 2000, P. Goloboff and L. Lopardo, 38, 3 juvenile ( MACN-AR 15379 PBI_ OON 14783 ) ; Cochuna , July 02, 1995, M. Ramirez, P. Golob- off, 28, 1♀, 2 juvenile ( MACN-AR 15377 PBI_ OON 14766 ) ; Ruta Provincial 307, 10 km NO de El Indio, Nov. 24, 1994, M. Ramírez and P. Goloboff, 1♀ ( MACN-AR 15375 PBI_ OON 14780 ) ; Ruta Provincial 307, km 36, Yungas , leaf litter, Nov. 01, 2004, C. Grismado and L. Compagnucci, 1♀ ( MACN-AR 27430 PBI_ OON 43098 ) .

DISTRIBUTION: Yungas (montane forests) of the northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, and Catamarca provinces (map 1).

NATURAL HISTORY: Unknown.

Figures

Fig. 1. Neotrops darwini, new species, female. A–C, E (PBI_OON 14976), D (PBI_OON 15008). A. Carapace, dorsal view. B. Same, anterior view. C. Ocular region, dorsal view. D. Cephalothorax, ventral view. E. Mouthparts, ventral view.

Fig. 2. Neotrops darwini, new species, female (PBI_OON 14976). A. Chelicerae, anterior view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Same, detail of the venom outlet. D. Endites and labium, ventral view. E. Serrula, ventral view.

Fig. 3. Neotrops darwini, new species, female A–D. (PBI_OON 14976), E–F. (PBI_OON 23584). A. Platelets on carapace, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, posterior view. C. Pedicel, posterior view. D. Same, ventral view. E. Abdomen, ventral view. F. Epigastric region, ventral view.

Fig. 4. Neotrops darwini, new species, female. A–D. (PBI_OON 23584), E–H. (PBI_OON 14976). A. Spinnerets, posteroventral view. B. Same, anterior lateral spinneret. C. Same, posterior median spinneret. D. Same, posterior lateral spinneret. E. palp, retrolateral view. F. Leg I, prolateral view. G. Leg II, prolateral view. H. Leg IV, retrolateral view.

Fig. 5. Neotrops darwini, new species, female A–C, E–F. (PBI_OON 14976), D (PBI_OON 15008). A. Tibia I, prolateral view. B. same, platelet with pore. C. Metatarsus I, prolateral view. D. Tibia I, dorsal view. E. Tarsus I, prolateral view. F. Same, anterior view.

Fig. 6. Neotrops darwini, new species, female (PBI_OON 14976) A–C. Tibia III. A. Retrolateral view. B. Same, detail of modified setae on the ventral apex. C. Same, dorsal view. D. Metatarsus III, dorsal view. E. Tarsus III, retrolateral view. F. Same, detail of sensory seta. G. Tibia IV, dorsal view. H. Tarsus IV, retrolateral view.

Fig. 7. Neotrops darwini, new species, female tarsal claws (PBI_OON 14976). A–C. Leg I. A. Claws, rolateral view. B. Same, anterior view. C. Same, detail of tenent surface of hair of the claw tuft. D. Leg II, claws, prolateral view. E–F. Leg III. E. Claws, retrolateral view. F. Same, anterior view. G–H. Leg IV. G. Claws, retrolateral view. H. Same, oblique anterior view.

Fig. 8. Neotrops darwini, new species, female trichobothria (PBI_OON 14976). A. Palpal tibia. B. Tibia I. C. Tibia II. D. Tibia III. E. Tibia IV. F. Metatarsus I. G. Metatarsus II. H. Metatarsus III.

Fig. 9. Neotrops darwini, new species, female trichobothria and tarsal organs (PBI_OON 14976). A. Trichobothrium on metatarsus IV. B–F. Tarsal organs. B. Palp. C. Leg I. D. Leg II. E. Leg III. F. Leg IV.

Fig. 10. Neotrops darwini, new species, female genitalia (A–D, PBI_OON 14976, E–H, PBI_OON 42013). A. Dorsal view. B. Same, oblique lateral view. C. Same, anterior view. D. Detail of the posterodorsal plate, posterior view. E–H. Longitudinal sections (right halves, lateral view). F. Detail of the glands of the anterior receptacle, lateral view. G. Another specimen with transverse ridges slightly separated, showing the anterior-posterior locking area. H. Same, slightly inclined to show the orifice of the anterior receptacle (arrow). Abbreviations: ar, anterior receptacle; ef, epigastric furrow; pp, posterodorsal plate; tr, transverse ridge; asterisk (*) 5 lateral projection.

Fig. 11. Neotrops darwini, new species, male. (A, C, PBI_OON 14977, B, D, PBI_OON 15008). A. Carapace, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, ventral view. C. Ocular region, dorsal view. D. Cephalothorax, lateral view.

Fig. 12. Neotrops darwini, new species, male. (A–D, F, PBI_OON 15008, E, G–H, PBI_OON 14977). A. Mouthparts, ventral view. B. Detail of the tip of the left endite, ventral view. C. Abdomen, ventral view. D. Epigastric region, ventral view. E. Leg I, prolateral view. F. Metatarsus I, dorsal view. G. Same, prolateral view. H. Tibia IV, distal part, retrolateral view.

Fig. 13. Neotrops darwini, new species, male. (A, PBI_OON 14977, B–F, PBI_OON 15008). A. Leg I, tarsal claws, prolateral view. B. Leg IV, tarsal claws, dorsal view. C. Spinnerets, ventral view. D. Anterior lateral spinneret. E. Posterior median spinneret. F. Posterior lateral spinneret.

Fig. 14. Neotrops darwini, new species, male. (A–D, F, H, PBI_OON 15008, E, PBI_OON 14977, G, PBI_OON 14969). A. Leg IV, platelet on metatarsus. B–D. Trichobothria. B. Tibia II. C. Metatarsus IV. D. Metatarsus II. E–G. Tarsal organs. E. Leg I. F. Leg IV. G. Palp. H. Male palp, oblique retrolateral view.

Fig. 15. Neotrops darwini, new species, male. (A, B, H, PBI_OON 14969, C–D, PBI_OON 14940, E–G, PBI_OON 42013). Male palp. A. Dorsal view. B. Same, detail of embolus and conductor. C. Same, apical view (arrow to slit on the base of conductor). D. Detail of the slit on the base of conductor. E. Longitudinal section of the bulb, dorsal view. F. Detail of the vesicle of the conductor. G. Detail of the internal basal part of the bulb. H. Embolus tip. Abbreviations: co, conductor; e, embolus; te, tendon; tra, tracheole; v, vesicle of the conductor.

Fig. 16. Neotrops darwini, new species, male. (A–C, PBI_OON 14971, D–F, PBI_OON 14799). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Same, lateral view. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Cephalothorax, ventral view. F. Same, lateral view.

Fig. 17. Neotrops darwini, new species, male. (A, PBI_OON 14799, B–D, PBI_OON 14971). A. Carapace, anterior view. B–D. Palp. B. Dorsal view. C. Prolateral view. D. Retrolateral view.

Fig. 18. Neotrops darwini, new species, female. (A–D, H, PBI_OON 14957, E–G, PBI_OON 14799). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Same, lateral view. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Cephalothorax, ventral view. F. Same, lateral view. G. Habitus, anterior view. H. Epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 19. Neotrops darwini, new species. A. Living female, dorsal view (PBI_OON 15013). B. Preserved male with an acrocerid parasitoid larva inside the abdomen (PBI_OON 14799). C. Preserved female with an acrocerid parasitoid larva inside the carapace (PBI_OON 14955).

Fig. 26. Neotrops spp. genitalia, cleared. A–B. N. darwini, new species, C–D. N. tucumanus (Simon). A. Internal female genitalia, dorsal view (PBI_OON 14798), B. Male palp, retrolateral view (PBI_OON 14763), C. Internal female genitalia, dorsal view (PBI_OON 14766), D. Male palp, retrolateral view (PBI_OON 14759). Abbreviations: ar, anterior receptacle; co, conductor (asterisk: internal vesicle); e, embolus; pp, posterodorsal plate; tr, transverse ridges.

Fig. 20. Neotrops tucumanus (Simon), male PBI_OON 14766. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Same, lateral view. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Cephalothorax, ventral view. F. Same, lateral view.

Fig. 21. Neotrops tucumanus (Simon), male (A, PBI_OON 14766, B–D, PBI_OON 14783). A. Carapace, anterior view. B–D. Palp. B. Dorsal view. C. Prolateral view. D. Retrolateral view.

Fig. 22. Neotrops tucumanus (Simon), male holotype (PBI_OON 30688). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, lateral view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Left palp, retrolateral view. E. Right palp, cleared, embolus and conductor, dorsal view. F. Same, retrolateral view.

Fig. 23. Neotrops tucumanus (Simon), female PBI_OON 14766. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Same, lateral view. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Cephalothorax, ventral view. F. Same, lateral view. G. Habitus, anterior view. H. Epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 24. Neotrops tucumanus (Simon), female PBI_OON 15375. A. Carapace, dorsal view. B. Same, lateral view. C. Same, anterior view. D. Ocular area, dorsal view. E. Same, lateral view. F. Chelicerae, distal part, anterior view. G. Platelets on carapace.

Fig. 25. Neotrops tucumanus (Simon), female (A–D, PBI_OON 15375, E–G, PBI_OON 14783). A. Palp, retrolateral view. B. Serrula, lateral view. C. Sternum, ventral view. D. Endite, distal part, detail of setae, ventral view. E. Leg I, tarsal claws, apical view. F. Same, retrolateral view. G. Tarsus I, retrolateral view.