Taygetina brocki Lamas & Nakahara, 2019

Nakahara, Shinichi, Matos-Maraví, Pável, Barbosa, Eduardo P., Willmott, Keith R., Lamas, Gerardo & Freitas, André V. L., 2019, Two New Species of Taygetina With a Possible Case of ‘ Juxta Loss’ in Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), Insect Systematics and Diversity 3 (6), No. 9, pp. 1-13 : 5-7

Taygetina brocki Lamas & Nakahara , n. sp.

( Figs. 1 , 2a–b , 3a–g , 4 )

(Zoobank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F4180E42-6E12-4095-B248-C12E826E58F4 )

Systematic placement and diagnosis ( Fig. 1 ). Taygetina brocki n. sp. is recovered as sister to T. banghaasi with a strong to moderate support ( Fig. 1A : SH-aLRT/UFBoot = 93.7/95; Fig. 1B : SH-aLRT/ UFBoot = 90.1/89). The genetic distances among three barcoded T. brocki n. sp. individuals (KW-15-076, 077, and 078) range from 0.104 to 0.23%, and the distances between them and its sister species, T. banghaasi , range from 5.92 to 6.38% (Supp Table 1 [online only]). These two species can be readily recognized by their differing average adult size, with T. brocki n. sp. being smaller (male forewing length 25–27 mm [n = 16]; female forewing length 23–26 mm [n = 7]) than T. banghaasi (forewing length 31–34 mm [n = 3]; syntype male of Taygetis banghaasi in ZSM = 31 mm). Taygetina brocki n. sp. is also distinguished from T. banghaasi by the lack of orange scaling in the discal cell of both VFW and VHW, in addition to its rather whitish/purplish ventral scaling. Furthermore, genitalic characters provide three more diagnostic characters to separate both species, namely: 1) the uncus of T. banghaasi being more strongly curved down compared with T. brocki n. sp.; 2) the sclerotized structure accompanying the plate below the ostium bursae is strongly curved into U-shaped arms with a semicircular plate in the middle of this structure, whereas the sclerotized arms are not curved in and the semicircular plate is reduced in T. brocki n. sp.; 3) the length of the ductus bursae and corpus bursae are similar in length in T. banghaasi , whereas the length of the ductus bursae is twice as great as that of the corpus bursae in T. brocki n. sp.. The female genitalic modifications in T. brocki n. sp. seem to be unique in the genus, except for T. weymeri (Draudt, 1912) , which appears to have the lamella antevaginalis similar when viewed from the ventral side. However, the ostium bursae is located closer to the U-shaped arms in T. weymeri , without having a sclerotized plate above as in T. brocki n. sp.

Description. MALE Forewing length 25–27 mm (n = 16).

Head: Eyes with hair-like setae, white scales at base; first segment of labial palpi short, brownish, adorned with white long hair-like scales and brownish long hair-like scales ventrally, second segment length almost twice as great as eye depth and covered with brownish scales laterally, and with blackish scales along edge of distal two-third of dorsal surface, ventrally adorned with black hair-like scales about 3–4 times as long as segment width, third segment roughly two-fifth of second segment in length and covered with black scales dorsally and ventrally, with brownish-white scales laterally; antennae approximately two-fifth of forewing length, with ca. 37–38 segments (n = 2), distal 13–14 segments composing rather inconspicuous club.

Thorax: Dense long light brown hair-like scales anteriorly, sparse white and light brown long hair-like scales present on meso- and metathorax, with some golden scales, ventrally covered with dirty white long hair-like scales with sparse white scales.

Legs: Foreleg whitish, tarsus and tibia almost same in length, femur slightly shorter; midleg and hindleg with femur whitish ventrally, tibia and tarsus dorsally grayish, ventrally ochre, tarsus and tibia adorned with spines ventrally, pair of tibial spurs present at distal end of tibia.

Abdomen ( Fig. 3a ): Eighth tergite as sclerotized stripe at base of eighth abdominal segment, in addition to presence of distal broader sclerotized patch; eighth sternite appearing as single broad patch.

Wing venation: Basal half of forewing subcostal vein swollen; base of cubitus swollen; forewing recurrent vein absent; hindwing humeral vein developed; origin of M 2 towards M 1 than M 3.

Wing shape: Forewing subtriangular, costal margin convex, apex appearing somewhat truncated, outer margin convex, inner margin straight, but rounded towards thorax near base; hindwing slightly elongate, rounded, costal margin convex, outer margin sinuate with distal end of M 3 being most pointy, inner margin slightly concave near tornus, anal lobe convex, slightly round.

Dorsal forewing: Ground color brownish, distally appearing darker, black androconial scales present in middle of DFW, roughly mirroring area between VFW discal band and postdiscal band, apparently faded near costa.

Dorsal hindwing: Ground color similar to forewing, distally darker, no visible androconial scales.

Ventral forewing: Ground color grayish chestnut brown, area basal of discal band paler, scattered with whitish scales near discal band; discal band somewhat indistinct, appearing as slightly sinuate brownish band in discal cell and extending below origin of Cu 2 (but see also below); area between discal band and postdiscal band scattered with whitish scales mainly between Radius and Cu 2; postdiscal band sinuate, appearing darker and more defined than previous band, extending from Radius towards inner margin, fading in cell Cu 2 and reaching 2A (but see also below); area between postdiscal band and submarginal band scattered with whitish scales, in addition to band-like streak of dense whitish scales from apex towards tornus, traversing basal of submarginal band and touching some submarginal ocelli; submarginal band undulating, appearing brownish with whitish scaling along distal margin, more sinuate than basal two bands, extending from apex to tornus; marginal band smoothly traversing along outer margin with whitish scaling visible distally; fringe brownish; submarginal ocelli in cells R 5, M 1, M 2, M 3, and Cu 1, all appearing as whitish pupil in somewhat indistinct brownish ‘ring’ without black central area.

Ventral hindwing: Ground color similar to forewing; area basal of discal band scattered with whitish scales; discal band similar to that of VFW in appearance except for extending from costa towards inner margin and reaching it, curved inwards below 2A (but see also below); area between discal band and postdiscal band scattered with whitish scales, basally more dense; postdiscal band similar to that of VFW in appearance except for passing origin of M 3, crossing 2A and apparently reaching inner margin where it terminates (but see also below); area between postdiscal band and submarginal band scattered with whitish scales, especially area near postdiscal band and area close to submarginal band; submarginal band similar to that of VFW in appearance except for bent inwards when crossing Cu 2; marginal band similar to that of VFW in appearance; fringe brownish; submarginal ocelli in cells Rs, M 1, M 2, M 3, and Cu 1, similar to those of VFW in appearance except for ocellus in Cu 1 being most prominent and occasionally black central area present.

Genitalia ( Fig. 3a–d ): Tegumen semicircular in lateral view, dorsal margin convex and ventral margin straight; uncus broad in lateral view, appearing robust (in contrast with many other euptychiines), slightly curved and posteriorly terminating in single point in lateral view, no visible hair-like setae; brachium tapering towards apex, similar to uncus in length, apical point positioned above uncus in lateral view, parallel to uncus with apical edge curving inwards in dorsal view; combination of ventral arms from tegumen and dorsal arms from saccus rather straight, slightly broadening near saccus; appendices angulares present, curving inwards; saccus straight, anteriorly somewhat angular, similar to tegumen plus uncus in length; juxta present as shallow ‘U-shaped’ plate with apical point rounded ( Fig. 3c ); valva appearing roughly parallelogram in lateral view and distally setose, ventral margin convex, in addition to presence of concavity distally, dorsal margin distal of costa accompanying ‘hump’ at base of apical process, height of hump similar to width of apical process, apical process about one-third of entire valva length, terminating in rather round blunt end; phallus roughly straight, similar in length to tegumen plus uncus, phallobase occupying about one-fourth of phallus, ductus ejaculatorius visible as illustrated, posterior portion of aedeagus somewhat curved upwards, manica covering less than half of aedeagus, weakly sclerotized region of vesica apparently present as cornuti ( Fig. 3d ).

Figures

Fig. 1. (A) Maximum likelihood tree ofTaygetina (LnL = −2551.7396) based on DNA ‘barcodes’ data and inferred in IQ-TREE. Support values are represented by SH-aLRT/UFBoot; (B) Maximum likelihood tree of theTaygetis clade (LnL = −26,315.125) based on the 4-gene dataset and inferred in IQ-TREE. Support values are represented by SH-aLRT/UFBoot.

Fig. 2. Taygetina type specimens: (a) T. brocki n. sp., holotype male, dorsal on left, ventral on right (MUSM-LEP 105430); (b) T. brocki n. sp., paratype female, dorsal on left, ventral on right (MUSM-LEP 105433); (c) T. accacioi n. sp., holotype male, dorsal on left, ventral on right (ZUEC LEP 11039); (d) T. accacioi n. sp., paratype female, dorsal on left, ventral on right (ZUEC LEP 11040).

Fig. 3. Taygetina genitalia:(a)Terminal abdominal segments of male T.brocki n. sp. in lateral view; (b) male genitalic capsule of T. brocki n. sp. in lateral view;(c) juxta in posterior view;(d) phallus of T. brocki n. sp. in lateral view (vesica everted to better visualize cornuti);(e)Terminal abdominal segments of female T. brocki n. sp. in lateral view; (f) papillae analis (hair-like setae omitted); (g) female abdomen and genitalia of T. brocki n. sp. in dorsal view (inter-segmental membrane folded); (h) female genitalia of T. brocki n. sp. in ventral view (inter-segmental membrane expanded); (i) signa; (j) male genitalic capsule of T. accacioi n. sp. in lateral view; (k) phallus of T. accacioi n. sp. in lateral view (cornuti emphasized in black square);(l) female genitalia of T.accacioi n. sp. in ventral view; (m) signa; (n) female genitalic capsule of T. brocki n. sp. in postero-ventral view. (a–d) based on SN-19–108; (e–f) based on SN-19–115; (g–i) based on SN-19-12; (j–k) based on ZUEC LEP 11039 (holotype); (l–n) based on ZUEC LEP 11040.

Fig. 4. Taygetina accacioi n. sp. male genitalia posterior view (left, based on ZUEC LEP 11040); ventral view (right, based on ZUEC LEP 11039), both showing absence of juxta.