Stamnodes costimacula ( Grossbeck, 1912 )

Matson, Tanner A., 2023, A review of Mexican Stamnodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) with the description of 16 new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 911, pp. 1-79 : 60-61

Stamnodes costimacula ( Grossbeck, 1912)

Figs 31 , 94–95

Petrophora costimacula Grossbeck, 1912: 283 . Type locality: San Diego, California, USA. [AMNH]. Stamnodes kelseyi Wright, 1927: 41 . Type locality: Pine Valley, San Diego County, California, USA.

[SDNHM].

Stamnoctenis costimacula pallula McDunnough, 1941: 70 . Type locality: The Geysers, Sonoma County, California, USA. [CNC].

Stamnodes costimacula – McDunnough 1938: 151 (checklist). — Furniss et al. 1988: 9. — Scoble 1999:

901 (catalogue). — Scoble & Hausmann 2007 (online catalogue). — Lee 2014: e86 (inventory). — Pohl et al. 2016: 449 (checklist). — Rajaei et al. 2022 (online catalogue).

Stamnoctenis kelseyi – McDunnough 1938: 151 (checklist); 1941: 70.

Stamnoctenis costimacula – McDunnough 1941: 70. — McFarland 1965: 62 . — Ferguson 1983: 103 (checklist). — Poole & Gentili 1996: 686 (checklist).

Stamnodes kelseyi – Furniss et al. 1988: 9.

Diagnostic remarks

Males can be separated from those of S. annellata , S. coenonymphata , and S. cassinoi by their bipectinate antennae.

Distribution

Mexico: Stamnodes costimacula is found in the chaparral associations, foothills, canyons, and Pacific coastal scrub communities of northwestern Baja California. USA: the core of this species’ range lies in California.

Biology

The peak adult flight is October to December with mature larvae following into March and April. Larvae are hosted by birch leaf mountain mahogany ( Cercocarpus betuloides ). The caterpillar and host plant were discovered by David L. Wagner and the author in March 2016 in southern California. Additional unpublished life history details and larval illustrations are forthcoming (Matson & Wagner in prep.).

Molecular characterization

This species is presently represented in BOLD by multiple BINs. The BIN that includes topotypic San Diego Co. ( USA) individuals is: BOLD:AAN0096 (n = 13). At present, the average pairwise intraspecific distance is 0.63% and the distance to the nearest neighbour, Stamnodes costimacula pallula (n = 6), is 2.81%.

Remarks

COI barcode data show significant phylogeographic divergence across the range of S. costimacula . Nuclear markers are necessitated to further circumscribe and scale this genetic variation. Without significant isolating barriers, it can be assumed that topotypic individuals barcoded from San Diego Co., California, represent the same population as that in northern Baja California.

Figures

Figs31–40.Adult StamnodesGuenée,[1858],dorsal(a)andventral(b)views.31.S.costimacula(Grossbeck, 1912) (DLW). 32. S. cassinoi Swett, 1917 (DLW). 33. S. annellata (Hulst, 1887) (USNMENT01771252). 34. S. seiferti (Neumoegen, 1882) (USNMENT01771250). 35. S. tenebrosa sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (AMNH_IZC 00352924). 36. S. affiliata Pearsall, 1911 (DLW). 37. S. reckseckeri Pearsall, 1910 (USNMENT01771257). 38. S. apollo Cassino, 1920 (USNMENT01771258). 39. S. agapetica (Dyar, 1916) (USNMENT01771259). 40. S. albiapicata Grossbeck, 1910 (USNMENT01771253). Scale bar = 1 cm.

Fig. 94. COI neighbour-joining tree for Mexican Stamnodes Guenée, [1858] using default Kimura-2P model in the Barcode of Life Project (BOLD). Taxon names followed by BOLD Process ID.

Fig. 95. Biogeographic associations of Mexican Stamnodes Guenée, [1858]. (*) denotes species found in two or more provinces. Underlying biogeographic provincial map taken from Morrone (2020: fig. 4.5) with permission to reproduce this figure granted by author Juan J. Morrone.