Stamnodes disrupta, Matson, 2023

Matson, Tanner A., 2023, A review of Mexican Stamnodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) with the description of 16 new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 911, pp. 1-79 : 22-26

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2023.911.2371
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DB29E6F1-7925-46DB-8C9E-055C639203CE
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10384232
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEA053-3452-7858-FDC5-B632A8C4FA9D
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Stamnodes disrupta
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Stamnodes disrupta sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4F9AC763-7709-4260-877B-63C784314A85

Figs 14 View Figs 11–18 , 49 View Figs 49–51 , 67 View Figs 67–70 , 80 View Figs 74–81 , 94–95 View Fig View Fig

Diagnosis

Stamnodes disrupta sp. nov. may be confused with S. fervefactaria , S. fergusoni , S. mariachi sp. nov. and S. erupta sp. nov. The bright, white reticulate pattern of the underside of the hindwing and apex of the forewing stand in contrast to the more off-white to cream colour of the same areas in S. fervefactaria . Additionally, the lead grey patches on the hindwing underside are finely bounded by a thin dark grey edge in S. fervefactaria and S. fergusoni that is mostly absent in S. disrupta . Stamnodes disrupta is known from the northern Sierra Madre Occidental in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua, while visually similar sister species S. erupta is known from the vicinity of Mexico City. While the hindwing underside of S. disrupta bears a white, transverse medial band that gradually curves toward the tornus (see left arrow, Fig. 14b View Figs 11–18 ), the same band in S. erupta is straighter as it angles toward the tornus (see left arrow, Fig. 16b View Figs 11–18 ). The angle of this band affects the shape of the large lead-coloured patch near the tornus; in S. disrupta , this patch is more subovate, while in S. erupta , it is more triangulate. The basal inner margin of S. disrupta also appears to have more white scales along the inner edge of the large grey basal patch of the same area in S. mariachi and S. erupta (see right arrows, Figs 14b, 15b, 16b View Figs 11–18 ). Stamnodes disrupta may also be separated from S. mariachi by the presence of a checkered forewing fringe and oblique white patch in apical area of forewing underside.

Male genitalia readily separate S. disrupta sp. nov. ( Fig. 49 View Figs 49–51 ) from S. fergusoni ( Matson & Wagner 2020: fig. 7). Stamnodes fergusoni has a juxta that bears posterolateral conical processes and its vesica has a large echinate patch of cornuti; these characters are absent in S. disrupta . However, the male genitalia of S. disrupta , S. fervefactaria , S. mariachi sp. nov., and S. erupta sp. nov. are exceedingly similar with only subtle differences. While the uncus of S. disrupta ( Fig. 49a View Figs 49–51 ) and S. fervefactaria is broadly swollen medially, that of S. mariachi ( Fig. 50a View Figs 49–51 ) and S. erupta ( Fig. 51a View Figs 49–51 ) tapers only slightly along its length and lacks an apparent medial swelling. The shield-like juxta of S. disrupta is larger, and more pronounced on its distal surface than in S. mariachi .

Etymology

The species name disrupta is derived from the Latin word ‘ disrumpere ’, meaning ‘to shatter’ or ‘to break apart’. It alludes to the broken, white, hindwing underside pattern of this moth. The phonetic similarity with visually similar S. erupta sp. nov. is intentional to reinforce the close relationship between these two species.

Material examined

Holotype

MEXICO • ♂; Chihuahua, 3 mi. S of Temoris ; [27.23° N, 108.25° W]; 5 Sep. 1969; T.A. Sears, R.C. Gardner, C.S. Glaser leg.; BMEC.

GoogleMaps

Paratypes (9 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀)

MEXICO – Chihuahua • 1 ♂; 3 mi. S of Temoris ; [27.23° N, 108.25° W]; 9 Sep. 1969; T.A. Sears, R.C. Gardner, C.S. Glaser leg. genitalia: TAM-2023-260 ( USNM 154211 View Materials ); USNMENT01771237 . – Sonora • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; highway 16 K 260 in prominent canyon ; [28.37° N, 109.05° W]; 10–12 Sep. 1992; R. Wells leg.; genitalia: TAM-2023-261 ; BMEC GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; AMNH _ IZC 00353029 View Materials GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Rte. 16 Río Maycoba , 17 mi. E of Yécora; [28.43° N, 109.19° W]; 29 Sep. 1991; Jim P. Brock leg.; genitalia: TAM-2023-256 ; MGCL Accession #2016-49; E.C. Knudson Knudson / Bordelon leg.; MGCL GoogleMaps • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 20 mi. W of Yécora, Mesa Companera, Mex Hwy 16; [28.46° N, 109.26° W]; 12 Sep. 2004; P. Opler leg.; Bold Process IDs: ABLCX271-10 to ABLCX275-10; GenBank: HQ543795 to HQ543799 ; CSU GoogleMaps .

GoogleMaps

Description

Male

FOREWING LENGTH. 17–18 mm (n = 10).

HEAD. Antenna filiform, fuscous to black. Vertex scarlet; frons mostly fuscous, with a few midsaggital white scales and white along ventral and lateral margins. Labial palpus short, slightly porrect, subequal to diameter of eye, fuscous and white. Cephalic collar mostly scarlet.

THORAX. Patagium mostly scarlet; tegula scarlet at base but otherwise mostly fuscous transitioning to lighter grey distally. Mesothorax fuscous above, white and pink below. Legs mixture of white and fuscous; tibial spur formula 0–2–4; epiphysis well developed.

FOREWING. Scarlet near base, diffusing to light orange-yellow ground colour. Costa with small antemedial lead-black patch and much larger, trigonate to subquadrangular, costomedial, lead-black patch. Apical area broadly lead-black. Underside similar to upperside, but scarlet base more intense in costal area, and costal area given toward white between lead-black costomedial patch and apical area; apical area also with thin, oblique white patch. Fringe lightly checkered.

HINDWING. Concolourous with forewing above, but ground colour mostly reduced to medial, longitudinal ray and branches between large, ill-defined, lead-black coloured patches ( Fig. 14a View Figs 11–18 ). Underside sharing similar pattern elements, but much more starkly contrasted with white rays between large, lead-black coloured patches; patches along costal antemedian and postmedian, thinly along outer margin, along basal half of inner margin, and at tornus ( Fig. 14b View Figs 11–18 ). Tornal patch subovate. Fringe as in forewing.

ABDOMEN. Fuscous.

GENITALIA ( Fig. 49 View Figs 49–51 ). Uncus long, narrow, and medially swollen. Subscaphium well developed. Inner surface of valve with dense hair tuft arising from basal tubercle. Juxta shield-like, void of stiff setae or posterior processes. Vesica without large cornuti, but with extremely small rugose papillae at base of vesica and along ovoid lateral diverticulum.

Female

Outwardly undifferentiated from male.

FOREWING LENGTH. 17 mm (n = 2).

GENITALIA ( Fig. 67 View Figs 67–70 ). Anterior apophysis two-thirds length of posterior apophysis. Ostium large, lamella antevaginalis strongly sclerotized and subcircular. Short and narrow ductus bursae with prominent anterior sclerite flattened on ventral surface and dorsolaterally rolled toward median. Corpus bursae spherical; bearing two signa, each with inward directed process; one signum situated near posterior base of corpus bursae (near ductus bursae) and one near anterior third, each covered with minute papillae.

Distribution ( Fig. 80 View Figs 74–81 )

Mexico: Stamnodes disrupta sp. nov. is known from the Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests of Sonora and Chihuahua.

Biology

Stamnodes disrupta sp. nov. flies in September. The immature stages remain unknown but are likely hosted by mints ( Lamiaceae ).

Molecular characterization

This species is represented in BOLD as BOLD:AAM2600 (n = 5, Mexico: Sonora) At present, the average pairwise intraspecific distance is 0.22%, the maximum pairwise intraspecific distance is 0.48%, and the distance to the nearest neighbour, Stamnodes fervefactaria (n = 9), is 2.86%.