Discodon tricolor subsp. mimetic
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1907 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2DF7AC2-3D99-43FF-BB36-CEF8E8747160 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7020075 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEA025-FFC6-FF91-FF24-FDD52B76FF47 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Discodon tricolor subsp. mimetic |
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Key to the species of D. tricolor mimetic complex
Several species in different beetle families from the Atlantic Forest biome in Brazil show a similar colour pattern with a black body and elytra, a pronotum with orange lateral margins, and white to orangish elytral spots ( Fig. 17 View Fig ). This identification key distinguishes cantharid species with such a colour pattern, as well as similar species with entirely black elytra. Included in the key is the cantharid species Chauliognathus fenestratus (Perty, 1830) ( Fig. 17A View Fig ) which, despite belonging to a different subfamily ( Chauliognathinae ), is sympatric and may easily be confounded with species of D. tricolor mimetic complex.
1. Fronto-clypeal suture distinct; anterior and lateral margins of pronotum broadly arched; tibial spurs absent; tarsal claws always simple; last ventrite broad and strongly convex in males and flat and with a median parallel-sided notch in females ( Chauliognathinae , Chauliognathus View in CoL ) ................................ .......................................................................................... Chauliognathus fenestratus (Perty, 1830)
– Fronto-clypeal suture indistinct; lateral margins of pronotum slightly sinuous, males with a notch at posterior third ( Figs 7–8 View Fig View Fig ); tibial spurs present ( Fig. 9L View Fig ); anterior prothoracic tarsal claws lobed basally ( Fig. 9A–K View Fig ), posterior claws on meso- and metathoracic tarsal claws apparently split at the apex; last ventrite deeply divided into two halves in males ( Fig. 10 View Fig ), and entire, sometimes with median projections in females ( Fig. 15 View Fig ) ( Silinae , Discodon ) ........................................................... 2
2. Elytra with white or yellowish spots ................................................................................................ 3
– Elytra entirely black ........................................................................................................................ 12
3. Elytra with small and weakly defined rounded spots, legs reddish brown ( Fig. 4D, F View Fig ) ..................... ....................................................................................................................... D. testaceipes Pic, 1930
– Elytral spots large, legs entirely black .............................................................................................. 4
4. Antennae mostly black with some antennomeres clearer, or antennae mostly testaceous to light brown ................................................................................................................................................ 5
– Antennae entirely dark brown or black ............................................................................................ 7
5. Males: lobe of protarsal claws sinuate ( Fig. 9A–D View Fig ); aedeagus: ventral wall of tegmen short and broad, distal margin with two rounded lobes and a median notch ( Fig. 11 View Fig ). Females: distal margin of last ventrite sinuate, with short median projection ( Fig. 15A–C View Fig ) ..................................................... 6
– Males: lobe of protarsal claws broadly rounded ( Fig. 9J View Fig ); aedeagus ( Fig. 13D–F View Fig ): ventral wall of tegmen elongate, distal margin slightly concave medially. Females: distal margin of last ventrite broadly arched, without projections or notches ( Fig. 15J View Fig ) ..................... D. viridimontanum sp. nov.
6. Antennae mostly pale yellow to testaceous brown, except antennomere I or I and II. Males: lobe of protarsal claws slightly sinuate ( Fig. 9A View Fig ); aedeagus ( Fig. 11A View Fig ): ventral wall of tegmen longer, median lobe with a narrow central sclerite. Females: last ventrite with distal margin almost straight, with a slight median projection ( Fig. 15A View Fig ) .............................. D. tricolor (Guérin-Méneville, 1832)
– Antennae with last two or three antennomeres orange to light brown. Males: lobe of protarsal claws with a distinctly projecting lobule ( Fig. 9C View Fig ); aedeagus ( Fig. 11G–I View Fig ): ventral wall of tegmen less distinctly narrowed laterally, central sclerite of median lobe broader. Females: last ventrite with distal margin sinuate ( Fig. 15C View Fig ) ............................................................................. D. vanini sp. nov.
7. Elytra with weakly defined costae, more visible anteriorly ( Fig. 3D View Fig ); elytral spots rounded, dark yellow to orangish; antennae without lines ............................................. D. aurimaculatum sp. nov.
– Elytra smooth, without costae; elytral spots variable; antennae with or without lines ..................... 8
8. Pronotum black with dark reddish-brown markings at the angles ( Fig. 7G View Fig ) ...................................... ...................................................................................................................... D. marginicolle sp. nov.
– Pronotum with a broad longitudinal black band with irregular yellow and orange markings at the sides .................................................................................................................................................. 9
9. Pronotum distinctly narrower than humeri, about 1.3 times as wide as long ( Fig. 7K View Fig ). Males: hind leg strongly modified, coxa with unciform projection, femur swollen and tibia flattened distally ( Fig. 9L View Fig ); antennomeres VIII–XI with antennal lines ( Fig. 6K View Fig ); lobe of protarsal claws with broadly rounded margin ( Fig. 9K View Fig ); last ventrite broad, inner margins of halves notched, divergent, exposing the aedeagus ( Fig. 10K View Fig ); aedeagus with ventral wall of tegmen with a long median projection ( Fig. 13G–J View Fig ) ............................................................................................. D. crassipes Wittmer, 1952
– Pronotum wider, nearly or as wide as humeri. Males: hind leg slender, not modified; antennomeres with or without antennal lines ......................................................................................................... 10
10. Elytral spots somewhat triangular, elongate, extending anteriorly and posteriorly ( Fig. 3A View Fig ). Males: antennomeres without antennal lines ( Fig. 6B View Fig ); lobe of protarsal claws with sinuate margin ( Fig. 9B View Fig ); last ventrite elongate, inner margins of halves nearly parallel ( Fig. 10B View Fig ); aedeagus with ventral wall of tegmen short and broad, distal margin with a pair of rounded lobes and a median incision ( Fig. 11D–F View Fig ). Females: distal margin of last ventrite sinuous, with a short projection medially ( Fig. 15B View Fig ) .................................................................................................... D. neoteutonum sp. nov.
– Elytral spots smaller and rounder. Males: antennomeres with or without antennal lines; aedeagus elongate, distal margin of ventral wall of tegmen greatly projected. Females: distal margin of last ventrite with a pair of projections and a median V- ou U-shaped incision ( Fig. 15E–F, H–I View Fig ) ........11
11. Males: antennomeres without antennal lines ( Fig. 6I View Fig ); last ventrite elongate, distal margins of halves truncate, inner margins broadly separated, exposing part of aedeagus and meeting distally ( Fig. 10I View Fig ); aedeagus: distal margin of ventral wall of tegmen triangular, with an acute apex ( Fig. 13A–C View Fig ). Females: distal margin of last ventrite with two short projections and a median V-shaped notch ( Fig. 15I View Fig ) ................................................................................................................ D. tamoio sp. nov.
– Males: antennomeres IX–XI with antennal lines ( Fig. 6E View Fig ); last ventrite broad, distal margins of halves rounded, inner margins almost parallel ( Fig. 10E View Fig ); aedeagus: distal margin of ventral wall of tegmen with a pair of short and truncate projections, and a very long and curved median projection ( Fig. 12A–C View Fig ). Females: distal margin of last ventrite with two long projections and a median U-shaped notch ( Fig. 15E View Fig ) ............................................................................ D. lineaticorne sp. nov.
12. Antennae mostly orangish to light brown; head much narrower than pronotum, eyes prominent ..... ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
– Antennae dark brown to black; head broad, nearly as wide as the pronotum ( Fig. 5E–F View Fig ); eyes not prominent .............................................................................................. D. nigrocephalum Pic, 1949
13. Elytra narrower, nearly parallel, with weakly defined costulae ( Fig. 5D View Fig ); pronotum transverse, anterior margin nearly straight ( Fig. 7H View Fig ); antennae black at the base, clearing towards the apex; aedeagus elongate, distal margin of ventral wall of tegmen with a flat median projection and lateral sinuous lobes ( Fig. 12J–M View Fig ). Females: distal margin of last ventrite with two long projections and a median U-shaped notch ( Fig. 15H View Fig ) .......................................................... D. tenuecostatum sp. nov.
– Elytra wider, rough, without weakly defined costulae ( Fig. 5A View Fig ); pronotum with anterior and lateral margins broadly arched ( Fig. 7D View Fig ); antennae mostly light brown to orangish; aedeagus short, distal margin of ventral wall of tegmen with a median incision ( Fig. 11J–L View Fig ). Females: last ventrite short, distal margin sinuous, not strongly projected posteriorly ( Fig. 15D View Fig ) ................................................. ......................................................................................................... D. obscurior Pic, 1906 stat. nov.
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