Draculoides carmillae Abrams and Harvey, 2020

Abrams, Kym M., Huey, Joel A., Hillyer, Mia J., Didham, Raphael K. & Harvey, Mark S., 2020, A systematic revision of Draculoides (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) of the Pilbara, Western Australia, Part I: the Western Pilbara, Zootaxa 4864 (1), pp. 1-75 : 36-38

Draculoides carmillae Abrams and Harvey , n. sp.

( Figs. 1–8 , 16–17 )

Zoobank Code: http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 49774518-AE6F-4B8E-A28B-7155C4293353

Draculoides SCH 059: Abrams et al. 2019 MPE 106532: 8, fig. 2.

Material examined. Holotype female. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Middle Robe Valley, ca. 25 km ESE. of Pannawonica , 21°43’17.84”S, 116°33’8.24”E, 6 June–8 August 2015, troglofauna trap, J. Alexander (Biota Environmental Sciences, DD 14MRR0004-20150808- T2-01 )( WAM T138484 ) (DNA: COI, 18S, ITS2 ).

Paratype. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1 ♀, Middle Robe, Robe Valley, ca. 24 km ESE. of Pannawonica , 21°42’25.86”S, 116°32’52.12”E, 06 June–08 August 2015, troglofauna trap, J. Alexander (Biota Environmental Sciences, RC 13MRR0026-20150808- T2-01 ) ( WAM T138517 ) .

Other material. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1 juvenile, Middle Robe, Robe Valley, ca. 23 km ESE. of Pannawonica , 21°41’48.62”S, 116°32’10.87”E, 06 June– 09 August 2015, troglofauna trap, J. Alexander (Biota Environmental Sciences, 2402eUnk08-20150809- T2-01 ) ( WAM T138468 ) ; 1 juvenile, Middle Robe Valley, ca. 25 km ESE. of Pannawonica , 21°42’58.28”S, 116°33’5.75”E, 06 June–08 August 2015, troglofauna trap, J. Alexander (Biota Environmental Sciences, DD 14MRR0005-20150808- T1-01 ) ( WAM T138485 ) (DNA: COI, 18S, ITS2 ) ; 1 juvenile, Middle Robe Valley, ca. 25 km ESE. of Pannawonica , 21°42’58.28”S, 116°33’5.75”E, 06 June–08 August 2015, troglofauna trap, J. Alexander (Biota Environmental Sciences, DD 14MRR0005-20150808- T2-03 ) ( WAM T138486 ) ; 1 juvenile, Middle Robe, Robe Valley, ca. 24 km ESE. of Pannawonica , 21°42’25.86”S, 116°32’52.12”E, 6 June–2 October 2015, troglofauna trap, J. Alexander (Biota Environmental Sciences, RC 13MRR0026-20151002- T2-02 ) ( WAM T138566 ) (DNA: COI, 18S, ITS2 ) ; 1 juvenile, Middle Robe Valley, ca. 25 km ESE. of Pannawonica , 21°42’58.28”S, 116°33’05.75”E, 06 June–08 August 2015, troglofauna trap, J. Alexander (Biota Environmental Sciences, DD 14MRR0005-20150808- T1-01 B) ( WAM T139904 ) .

Diagnosis. Males are unknown. Females differ from all other Draculoides by the anterior placement of dl1 to vl1 of the flagellum (all others are posterior to vl1) and by the circular gonopod of the genitalia. Draculoides carmillae can be diagnosed from all other Draculoides species that were sequenced at COI and 12S by the 50bp minibarcodes shown in Figures 3 and 5 . Draculoides carmillae can be diagnosed from all other Draculoides species that were sequenced at ITS2 ( Fig. 7 ) except for D. nosferatu , D. claudiae , D. carmillae and D. mesozeirus , which are not distinguishable using the ITS2 mini-barcode.

Description (adult female). Colour. Yellow-brown.

Cephalothorax. Propeltidium with 2 + 1 apical setae in a triangular formation on anterior process and 2 + 2 + 2 setae; eye spots absent. Mesopeltidia separated. Metapeltidium divided. Anterior sternum with 13 setae (including 2 sternapophysial setae); posterior sternum triangular with 6 setae.

Chelicera. Fixed finger with 2 large teeth plus 7 smaller teeth between these, proximal tooth with 1 tiny lateral tooth and distal tooth without small lateral teeth; membranous area between fixed and movable fingers with 3 large, lanceolate, terminally pilose setae (G1); G2 composed of 6 setae; G3 composed of 5 setae; internal face of chelicera with 5 short whip-like setae (G4); brush at base of fixed finger composed of 8 setae (G5A), each densely pilose in distal half and G5B composed of 11 setae; G6 with one seta; G7 composed of 1 seta. Movable finger serrula composed of 17 long lamellae, small blunt guard tooth present subdistally; 1 large accessory tooth present at two-thirds from base of serrula.

Pedipalp. Without apophyses; trochanter with sharply produced ventro-distal extension, ventral margin with ca. 9 stout setae, without mesal spur; tarsus and tibia without spines; tarsal spur present; claw 0.69 × length of tarsus.

Legs. Tarsus I with 6 segments; baso-dorsal margin of femur IV produced at about a 90° angle.

Abdomen. Chaetotaxy of tergite I: 2 macrosetae + 4 microsetae (microsetae diagonal), tergite II: 2 macrosetae + 6 microsetae (microsetae in column), tergites III–IX: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4.

Female genitalia. Two pairs of spermathecae with equal-sized lobes, each pair connected basally before connection with bursa ( Fig. 17G ), distally round and smooth; sparsely covered with small pores; gonopod short and circular.

Flagellum. 5× longer than broad ( Figs. 16 D–F, 17A–C); seta dm1 situated towards posterior end of flagellomere II slightly anterior to vm2; setae dl1 small, one anterior to the other, situated anterior to dm4, dm4 situated almost at middle of flagellomere III; dl3 situated near posterior margin, slightly posterior to vl2; vm1 situated between vm2, on the same level as vm2; vm3 situated slightly closer to vm1 than to vm5; vm5 halfway between vm3 and vl2; vl1 situated posterior to vm3 and anterior to right dl1; 1 pair of microsetae anterior to vl2, 1 pair of microsetae close to annulus separating flagellomeres II and III.

Dimensions (mm). Holotype female (WAM T138484): Body length 4.18. Propeltidium 1.06/0.77. Chelicera 0.77. Flagellum 0.37/0.08. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.60, femur 0.67, patella 0.77, tibia 0.67, tarsus 0.25, claw 0.12, total excluding claw 3.05.

Paratype female (WAM T138517): Body length 3.56. Propeltidium 1.04/0.69. Chelicera 0.69. Flagellum 0.38/0.08. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.56, femur 0.56, patella 0.67, tibia 0.62, tarsus 0.25, claw 0.12, total excluding claw 2.65.

Variation. Body length (females) 3.56–4.18 (n = 2).

Remarks. Draculoides carmillae is known from a single site in the Middle Robe area of the Robe River Valley, Western Australia ( Fig. 1D ). The juvenile specimen listed above is associated with this species by locality ( Fig. 1D ).

Other names. WAM SCH059 ( Abrams et al., 2019).

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to Carmilla, one of the first fictional vampires, in Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu’s novella “The Dark Blue.”

Figures

FIGURE 1. Map of an area of the Pilbara described as “West Pilbara” for the purposes of this study, showing the distribution of the named Draculoides species. Inset maps show species distributions in finer detail encompassing areas A: Warramboo, Mesas A, B and C and “BudgieBore”; B: Bungaroo, Mesas G, H, J, K and L; C: Cochrane and Jewell, Kens Bore, Cane and Upper Cane River, Trinity Bore and Catho Well, Mt. Stuart Station; D: Middle Robe, Robe Valley; E: Bungaroo South, West Pit, Buckland Hills and Dragon deposit.

FIGURE 2. Maximum Likelihood tree, based on the reduced dataset. See Methods for details. Each terminal represents a single species or OTU, with named species in bold. Clades are identified using dashed boxes and shaded boxes encompass the species discussed in this study. Nodes with bootstrap support <80 are not shown, except for the common ancestor of the Draculoides radiation.

FIGURE 3. COI mini-barcodes for all Draculoides species including the operational taxonomic units used in Abrams et al. (2019). This barcode is the maximally diagnostic 50 bp fragment of DNA. Genetic variation within species is shown using IUPAC Ambiguity Codes. See Methods for details. The position of the mini-barcode is reported relative to a specimen of Draculoides celatus (WAM T98698, GenBank number MG913085). The blue tree on the left groups minibarcodes which are most similar to each other but does not represent an accurate phylogeny. The coloured bases in the figure are those that differ from the consensus reference sequence.

FIGURE 4. Maximum Likelihood tree based on COI mini-barcodes (Fig. 3) showing similarity of mini-barcode sequences, relative to species identity. This phylogeny does not recover an accurate tree topology, and evolutionary relationships should not be inferred from this figure.

FIGURE 5. 12S mini-barcodes for all Draculoides species including the operational taxonomic units used in Abrams et al. (2019). This barcode is the maximally diagnostic 50 bp fragment of DNA. Genetic variation within species is shown using IUPAC Ambiguity Codes. See Methods for details. The position of the mini-barcode is reported relative to a specimen of Draculoides celatus (WAM T98698, GenBank number MG913012). The blue tree on the left groups minibarcodes which are most similar to each other but does not represent an accurate phylogeny. The coloured bases in the figure are those that differ from the consensus reference sequence.

FIGURE 6. Maximum Likelihood tree based on COI mini-barcodes (Fig. 5) showing similarity of mini-barcode sequences relative to species identity. This phylogeny does not recover an accurate tree topology, and evolutionary relationships should not be inferred from this figure.

FIGURE 7. ITS2 mini-barcodes for all Draculoides species including the operational taxonomic units used in Abrams et al. (2019). This barcode is the maximally diagnostic 50 bp fragment of DNA. Genetic variation within species is shown using IUPAC Ambiguity Codes. See Methods for details. The position of the mini-barcode is reported relative to a specimen of Draculoides celatus (WAM T98698, GenBank number MG913105). The blue tree on the left groups minibarcodes which are most similar to each other but does not represent an accurate phylogeny. The coloured bases in the figure are those that differ from the consensus reference sequence.

FIGURE 8. Maximum Likelihood tree based on ITS2 mini-barcodes (Fig. 7) showing similarity of mini-barcode sequences, relative to species identity. This phylogeny does not recover an accurate tree topology, and evolutionary relationships should not be inferred from this figure.

FIGURE 16. Draculoides carmillae sp. nov., holotype female (WAM T138484): A. Body, dorsal; B. Body, ventral; C. Body, lateral; D. Flagellum, dorsal; E. Flagellum, ventral; F. Flagellum, lateral. The scale bar shown in image A is 1 mm and also applies to B and C and the scale bar shown in image D is 200 µm and also applies to E and F.

FIGURE 17. Draculoides carmillae sp. nov., holotype female (WAM T138484): A. Flagellum, dorsal; B. Flagellum, ventral; C. Flagellum, lateral; D. Spermathecae, ventral. Scale bars: A–C: 0.1 mm, D: 0.1 mm.