Anapidae, Simon, 1895
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13127-021-00524-w |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87D5-E521-FFA0-FCBD-F955FC85FB94 |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Anapidae |
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Anapidae View in CoL is the largest symphytognathoid family, comprising 233 described species in 58 genera and including the subfamily Micropholcommatinae (World Spider Catalog, WSC, 2020). The respiratory system of Anapidae View in CoL has been studied and partially or completely reported for quite a number of species belonging to 49 out of the 58 current genera ( Hickman, 1939a, 1944, 1945, 1979; Fage, 1937; Forster, 1958, 1959; Gertsch, 1960; Levi, 1957, 1967; Platnick & Shadab, 1979; Forster & Platnick, 1981, 1984; Platnick & Forster, 1986, 1989; Kropf, 1995; Ramírez et al., 2004; Rix, 2005; Lopardo & Hormiga, 2008, 2015; Rix & Harvey, 2010). Our findings and the published data suggest at least 14 different respiratory arrangements (Fig. 5, Table 1 and supplementary material), varying from anterior reduced book lungs and posterior simple or absent tracheae, to anterior tracheae and complex, simple, or even absent posterior tracheal system. The anterior tracheae/book lungs can be connected by a transverse duct or not connected, the tracheae extending into the prosoma or limited to the abdomen, and/or with spiracles connected to the epigastric groove or advanced and located near the pedicel. The respiratory system remains unknown for Borneanapis View in CoL , Conculus View in CoL , Crozetulus View in CoL , Dippenaaria View in CoL , Enielkenie View in CoL , Forsteriola View in CoL , Gaiziapis View in CoL , Metanapis View in CoL , and Sinanapis View in CoL . Although it is out of our scope to perform a detailed review on the evolution of anapid respiratory system (a comprehensive phylogeny of the Anapidae View in CoL that will allow for a more accurate account of their evolution is currently a work in progress by S. Kulkarni and G. Hormiga), we nevertheless preliminarily discuss the implications of the optimization of the respiratory system in the current phylogenetic hypotheses (see discussion below).
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Kingdom |
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Phylum |
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Class |
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Order |
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Family |
Anapidae
Lopardo, Lara, Michalik, Peter & Hormiga, Gustavo 2022 |
Borneanapis
Snazell 2009 |
Gaiziapis
Miller, Griswold & Yin 2009 |
Enielkenie
Ono 2007 |
Dippenaaria
Wunderlich 1995 |
Forsteriola
Brignoli 1981 |
Metanapis
Brignoli 1981 |
Conculus
Komatsu 1940 |
Crozetulus
Hickman 1939 |
Anapidae
Simon 1895 |
Anapidae
Simon 1895 |
Anapidae
Simon 1895 |