Anapidae, Simon, 1895

Lopardo, Lara, Michalik, Peter & Hormiga, Gustavo, 2022, Take a deep breath … The evolution of the respiratory system of symphytognathoid spiders (Araneae, Araneoidea), Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 22 (1), pp. 231-263 : 245

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13127-021-00524-w

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87D5-E521-FFA0-FCBD-F955FC85FB94

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Anapidae
status

 

Anapidae View in CoL

Anapidae View in CoL is the largest symphytognathoid family, comprising 233 described species in 58 genera and including the subfamily Micropholcommatinae (World Spider Catalog, WSC, 2020). The respiratory system of Anapidae View in CoL has been studied and partially or completely reported for quite a number of species belonging to 49 out of the 58 current genera ( Hickman, 1939a, 1944, 1945, 1979; Fage, 1937; Forster, 1958, 1959; Gertsch, 1960; Levi, 1957, 1967; Platnick & Shadab, 1979; Forster & Platnick, 1981, 1984; Platnick & Forster, 1986, 1989; Kropf, 1995; Ramírez et al., 2004; Rix, 2005; Lopardo & Hormiga, 2008, 2015; Rix & Harvey, 2010). Our findings and the published data suggest at least 14 different respiratory arrangements (Fig. 5, Table 1 and supplementary material), varying from anterior reduced book lungs and posterior simple or absent tracheae, to anterior tracheae and complex, simple, or even absent posterior tracheal system. The anterior tracheae/book lungs can be connected by a transverse duct or not connected, the tracheae extending into the prosoma or limited to the abdomen, and/or with spiracles connected to the epigastric groove or advanced and located near the pedicel. The respiratory system remains unknown for Borneanapis View in CoL , Conculus View in CoL , Crozetulus View in CoL , Dippenaaria View in CoL , Enielkenie View in CoL , Forsteriola View in CoL , Gaiziapis View in CoL , Metanapis View in CoL , and Sinanapis View in CoL . Although it is out of our scope to perform a detailed review on the evolution of anapid respiratory system (a comprehensive phylogeny of the Anapidae View in CoL that will allow for a more accurate account of their evolution is currently a work in progress by S. Kulkarni and G. Hormiga), we nevertheless preliminarily discuss the implications of the optimization of the respiratory system in the current phylogenetic hypotheses (see discussion below).

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Arachnida

Order

Araneae

Family

Anapidae

Loc

Anapidae

Lopardo, Lara, Michalik, Peter & Hormiga, Gustavo 2022
2022
Loc

Borneanapis

Snazell 2009
2009
Loc

Gaiziapis

Miller, Griswold & Yin 2009
2009
Loc

Enielkenie

Ono 2007
2007
Loc

Dippenaaria

Wunderlich 1995
1995
Loc

Forsteriola

Brignoli 1981
1981
Loc

Metanapis

Brignoli 1981
1981
Loc

Conculus

Komatsu 1940
1940
Loc

Crozetulus

Hickman 1939
1939
Loc

Anapidae

Simon 1895
1895
Loc

Anapidae

Simon 1895
1895
Loc

Anapidae

Simon 1895
1895
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