Tuberaleyrodes glutae (Corbett) Comb.

Dubey, Anil Kumar & Martin, Jon H., 2018, A review of the genus Tuberaleyrodes Takahashi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with description of five new species from Brunei, Hong Kong and Malaysia, Zootaxa 4402 (2), pp. 251-282 : 263-265

Tuberaleyrodes glutae (Corbett) Comb. nov.

( Figs 47–60 )

Dialeurodes glutae Corbett, 1935: 759 .

Tuberaleyrodes glutae (Corbett) Comb. nov.

A re-description of this species is provided below. The dorsal setae are found to be variable in length considering basal elevation. Also, the median tubercles are absent, variably present or prominent on abdominal segments.

Puparium. In life, yellowish; cryptic; scattered on leaf; 1–2 puparia per leaf; scale-like; without visible wax secretion; ovate ( Figs 47–52 ); posteriorly narrow; found on lower surface of leaves; dimorphic, female 1375–1462 µm long, 1012–1075 wide; male 1050–1287 µm long; 755–900 µm long.

Margin. Irregularly crenulate, 14–23 crenulations in 0.1 mm; submarginal lines forming little projections on margin; margin modified occasionally into deep C-shaped invagination at thoracic tracheal pore area ( Fig. 57 ), sometimes and with shallow emargination, and with slight invagination at caudal tracheal pore area, but not forming C-shaped pore.

Dorsum. Submargin not differentiated from the dorsal disc. Submarginal lines evident. Submargin with a row of 10 pairs of minute capitate setae, more clearly visible on posterior abdominal area, at least 3 pairs from segment VI–VIII. Submedian area with a longitudinal row or clusters of minute tubercles near termination of segment sutures ( Fig. 54 ), many with a geminate pore, often appearing as a single pore. Median tubercles present on abdominal segments I–VII ( Fig. 55 ) or entirely absent. The distance between large pore and small porette 2–3 times diameter of the large pore itself, 2–3 pairs on the first abdominal segment between setae and one pair each on abdominal segments II–VIII. Tubercle clusters present on submedian area of pro- and metathorax with a few tubercles on mesothorax ( Fig. 53 ). Cephalothoracic and abdominal segment sutures reaching submedian area ( Fig. 54 ). Meso- and metathorax subequal in mid-length. The longest median length of abdominal segment was of segment I and the smallest of segment VII. The median length of abdominal segments I–VIII measured in: female 77–83, 55–67, 60–63, 60, 58, 53, 53 and 40–42 µm long, respectively; male 5 2–62, 55, 50–58, 50–60, 40–55, 40- 50, 45–48 and 32–37 µm long, respectively. Longitudinal moulting suture reaching margin and transverse moulting suture reaching submedian to inner subdorsal area. Caudal furrow length in female 190–218 µm long, male 145– 185 µm long. Thoracic tracheal furrow absent; caudal furrow smooth or faintly tuberculate ( Fig. 56 ).

Vasiform orifice. Subcordate to subcircular, inner lateral and posterior margins with crenulations, posteriorly slightly notched, female 52–55 µm long, 50–73 µm wide; male 47–52 µm long, 42–45 wide; operculum elongate cordate, sometimes with lateral emargination, almost covering the orifice, female 35 µm long, 30–33 µm wide; male 30–37 µm long, 27–35 µm wide; lingula concealed by operculum.

Venter. A pair of ventral abdominal setae female 23–25 µm long, 42–48 µm apart; male 17–25 µm long; 40– 42 µm apart. Antennae inside prothoracic legs, female 100 µm (including keel 10 µm) long; male 77–90 µm (including keel 3 µm) long. Microsetae present at base of meso- and metathoracic legs, 5–10 µm long. Stipples present as dots in the thoracic tracheal folds but very faint and in the form of small lines in the caudal tracheal fold.

Chaetotaxy. Anterior marginal setae 20–25 µm long and posterior marginal setae 25–32 µm long. Cephalic and first abdominal setae much longer, apically acute, placed on much elevated dorsal cuticle of the puparium; cephalic setae in female 448–467 µm (basal elevation 310–322 µm + apical setae 137–145 µm) long; male 261– 340 µm (basal elevation 192–230 µm + apical setae 68–105 µm) long; first abdominal setae in female 322–442 µm (basal elevation 225–312 µm + apical setae 98–130 µm) long, male 262–310 µm (basal elevation 215–218 µm + apical setae 74–93 µm) long; eighth abdominal setae anterolateral to vasiform orifice, slightly above the base of operculum, pointed or blunt ended, usually 10–13 µm long (6–8 µm long in 2 male puparia); caudal setae pointed, located at ends of caudal tracheal pore, not on long elevation as cephalic setae, sometimes on small elevation, 67– 72 µm long. Submarginal row of minute setae present.

Third instar. Oval; 800–862 µm long, 575–625 µm wide. Anterior and posterior marginal setae 37–55 µm and 20–33 µm long, respectively. Margin crenulate 20–24 crenulations in 0.1 mm. Thoracic tracheal pore area modified into comb and caudal tracheal pore superficially emarginated. Cephalic setae capitate 12–15 µm long, first, eighth abdominal setae, anterolateral to vasiform orifice and caudal setae 15–20, 7–9 and 60–75 µm long, respectively. Submargin with 12 pairs of minute setae, 3–5 µm long. Subdorsum tuberculate. Median tubercles present on abdominal segments. Median length of cephalothorax and abdomen almost equal. The median length of abdominal segments I–VIII measured as: 35–38, 37, 37, 32–40, 27–35, 27–30, 30–33, 27–35 µm long, respectively. Vasiform orifice elongate cordate 35–45 µm long, 35–38 µm wide; operculum subcordate, lateral margin emarginated, 27–32 µm long, 25–26 µm wide. Caudal furrow 95–103 µm long, 5–40 µm wide. Paired ventral setae 15–20 µm long, 27– 31 µm apart. Antennae inside prothoracic legs, 27–30 µm long. Microsetae at base of pro-, meso- and metathoracic legs 3–5 µm long.

Material examined. Tuberaleyrodes glutae (Corbett) , Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara: Dumoga-Bone N.P., approx. 215 m. alt., Toraut forest, near base camp, 3 puparia (2♀, 1♂), 8 third instars on 2 slides, on Annonaceae (Kew Gardens opinion), Knema ? 4.iii.1985 (4574); one puparium, on Annonaceae, Kew Gardens opinion, 4.iv.1985 (J H Martin 4784); 2 ♀ puparia on one slide, on Knema tomentella , 26.iii.1985 (J H Martin 4754); West Malaysia: Pahang Province, Lake Chini Basin, one male puparium on Cinnamomum sp., 27-31.i.2013 (J H Martin 8667).

Host plants. Gluta sp. ( Anacardiaceae ) ( Corbett, 1935); Annonaceae ; Cinnamomum sp. ( Lauraceae ); Knema tomentella (Myristicaceae) (new records).

Distribution. West Malaysia ( Corbett, 1935); Sulawesi (new record).

Remarks. The puparia of this species bear tuberculate setae and agree with the generic description of Tuberaleyrodes , therefore, this species is transferred from Dialeurodes to Tuberaleyrodes . Puparia on Annonaceae from Sulawesi were cryptic and scattered on leaf. Dimorphism was also visible in the length of cephalic and first abdominal setae of male and female puparia in that the female puparia possessed longer setae. In a single puparium, the length of caudal setae varied from left vs right side (left side 35 µm vs right side 57 µm) of caudal pore opening. The length of caudal furrow in female puparia was 33–45 µm longer than that of male puparia. No difference could be made in the second and third instars except irregular margins. The dorsal setae are placed on tubercles in third instars, not elevated but in fourth instars (puparia) dorsal setae are in the form of tuberculate setae, hence it is concluded that the elevation of dorsal cuticle that holds apical setae takes place during transformation from third to fourth instar in this species. Minute tubercles on submedian area of abdominal segments are more prominent in puparia collected on Annonaceae but faint and less in puparia from Myristicaceae .

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Figures

FIGURES 47–50. Tuberaleyrodes glutae (Corbett), camera lucida drawings, puparium, variation, 47, shape, median tubercles, small 1 st abdominal seta,submarginal setae;48, shape, medianand abdominal submedian tubercles;vasiform orifice;49, shape, median tubercles absent, long first abdominal setae, operculum; 50, scattered large tubercles, caudal setae.

FIGURES 51–60. Tuberaleyrodes glutae (Corbett), microphotographs, puparium, dorsal and ventral views, 51, long first abdominal setae, median tubercles absent; 52, small first abdominal setae, vasiform orifice slightly elongate; 53, cephalothorax pattern of tuberculation; 54, abdomen, tubercles; 55, median tubercles; 56, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow; 57, thoracic tracheal pore; 58, submedian tubercles; 59, reduced number of median tubercles; 60, vasiform orifice.