Anelaphus, Linsley, 1936
|
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.4565200 |
|
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A03A123F-CB4E-409D-AF00-C1C6D17091E5 |
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4586463 |
|
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB9A08-FFF4-D10D-8CE7-BDD2FA65FCFD |
|
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
|
scientific name |
Anelaphus |
| status |
|
Key to Anelaphus View in CoL View at ENA of America north of Mexico
Linsley (1963) provided the most recent key to Anelaphus north of Mexico. In that work, 14 species were included, but those formerly in the genus Peranoplium (synonymized by Lingafelter 1998), Elaphidionoides (some of which were synonymized by Skiles 1985), and Gymnopsyra (synonymized herein) were not. Lingafelter (2007) provided a key to the 7 species of Anelaphus east of the Rocky Mountains but excluding western Texas. Martins (2005) and Nascimento (2018) provided the only other keys to Anelaphus , but those works were restricted to South American species. As a result of this study, there are now 22 species of Anelaphus known for America north of Mexico: A. albofasciatus (Linell) , A. aspera (Knull) , A. belkini Skiles , A. brevidens (Schaeffer) , A. brummermannae Lingafelter , A. cinereus (Olivier) , A. debilis (LeConte) , A. dentatus Chemsak , A. inermis (Newman) , A. inflaticollis Chemsak, A. magnipunctatus (Knull) , A. moestus (LeConte) , A. mutatum (Gahan) , A. niveivestitus (Schaeffer) , A. piceus (Chemsak) , A. pumilus (Newman) , A. simile (Schaeffer) , A. spurcus (LeConte) , A. subdepressum (Schaeffer) , A. subinermis Linsley , A. submoestus Linsley , and A. villosus (Fabricius) . Size ranges and distributions are included to aid in identification, but this information should be used with caution since aberrant individuals exist in any population and known distributions change with time. For more detail on distribution and host plants, it is recommended to consult Monné and Nearns (2020), Tavakilian and Chevillotte (2020), or other primary references cited herein.
1. Elytral integument with contrasting pattern of dark costal lines or basal and apical maculae combined with light brown elsewhere ( Fig. 10a View Figure 10 ). Known only from Florida in the U.S. 8–11 mm ....................................................................... Anelaphus cinereus (Olivier) View in CoL
— Elytral integument of uniform light, dark, or reddish-brown coloration (although distinct and contrasting pubescent patches may be present) ( Fig. 10 View Figure 10 b-c)....................................... 2
2(1). Elytra without any obvious patches of light pubescence or contrasting integumental colors ( Fig. 10b View Figure 10 )..................................................................................... 16
— Elytra with white, ochre, or gray pubescence forming spots or fasciae ( Fig. 10c View Figure 10 ).................. 3
3(2). Elytra with a straight transverse pubescent fascia at middle, sometimes extending posteriorly to occupy most of posterior half of elytra ( Fig. 11 View Figure 11 ). Distributed in southwestern U.S. to Texas. 9–15 mm ............................................................. Anelaphus albofasciatus (Linell) View in CoL
— Elytra with pubescence not forming a straight transverse fascia at middle........................ 4
4(3). Elytra with numerous mostly uniformly sized and mostly evenly spaced patches of appressed pubescence. Pronotum with three elongate calli, one at middle bordered on each side by a crescent-shaped callus. Antennomeres 2+3 nearly the length of pronotum; third antennomere relatively narrow, only slightly wider than half width of scutellum ( Fig. 12 View Figure 12 ). Eastern U.S. to Texas. 8–11 mm ...................................................................... Anelaphus pumilus (Newman) View in CoL
— Elytral pubescence more irregular, not forming uniformly sized, evenly spaced patches. Pronotal calli, if present, most often forming just at center and without elongate peripheral calli. Antennomeres 2+3 almost always shorter than pronotum; third antennomere more robust, greater than half width of scutellum........................................................................... 5
5(4). Elytra with very dense, erect setae present throughout, in addition to denser appressed setal patches ( Fig. 13 View Figure 13 ). Known only from Texas in the U.S. 9–15 mm ................ Anelaphus spurcus (LeConte) View in CoL
— Erect setae, if present on elytra, sparsely distributed........................................... 6
6(5). Elytral markings with middle wavy pubescent fascia, sometimes broken and incomplete (rarely almost absent), extending nearly from lateral to sutural margin with denser pubescence sometimes present at apex. Elytra lacking other separate pubescent maculae or spots ( Fig. 14a View Figure 14 ). Known only from Arizona in the U.S. 8–14 mm ........................... Anelaphus subdepressum (Schaeffer) View in CoL
— Elytra with scattered pubescent patches throughout (sometimes coalescing into a vaguely defined transverse fascia) ( Fig. 14b View Figure 14 )................................................................. 7
7(6). Pronotum with middle callus and 4 smaller peripheral calli on disk. Elytral apices strongly bispinose (spines about length of scutellum) ( Fig. 15 View Figure 15 ). Known only from Florida in the U.S. 15–21 mm ................................................................ Anelaphus mutatum (Gahan) View in CoL
— Pronotum without middle and peripheral calli in combination (if peripheral calli present, then elytral apices without spines). Elytral apices at most weakly bispinose (spines, if present, much shorter than scutellum)........................................................................... 8
8(7). Elytral apex weakly bispinose or bidentate (rarely truncate). Form narrow and elongate (both elytra together almost always ranging from 2.8–3.4 times longer than breadth at base) ( Fig. 16 View Figure 16 a–c, showing from left to right, respectively, variation of Maryland, central Texas, and west Texas forms). Widespread in the eastern half of U.S. to Texas. 10–18 mm ............ Anelaphus villosus (Fabricius) View in CoL
— Elytral apex rounded externally to a dentiform or spinose suture or obliquely truncate ( Fig. 17 View Figure 17 ). Form usually more robust (elytra usually less than 2.8 times longer than breadth at base)............ 9
9(8). Dorsum with combination of ochre (primarily on pronotum), white, and or off-white pubescence (pri- marily on elytra) ( Fig. 17 View Figure 17 a–b)......................................................... 10
— Dorsum with one distinct color of pubescence............................................... 11
10(9). Elytral apex truncate or very weakly bidentate. Elytra with bright white appressed pubescent patches most concentrated at middle and apical region. ( Fig. 17a View Figure 17 ). Basal sutural region of elytra without ochre pubescence. Known only from Texas. 9–13 mm ....... Anelaphus niveivestitus (Schaeffer) View in CoL
— Elytralapicesroundedtospinosesuture.Elytrawithoff-whitepubescentpatchesscatteredthroughout( Fig. 17b View Figure 17 ).Basal sutural region of elytra with ochre pubescence.Known only from Texas in the U.S. 10–17mm ............................................................ Anelaphus debilis (LeConte) View in CoL
11(9). Pronotum distinctly broader anteriorly than posteriorly, as broad as elytral base at widest point ( Fig. 18a View Figure 18 ). Known only from California. 11–14 mm ................ Anelaphus inflaticollis Chemsak View in CoL
— Pronotum not distinctly broader anteriorly than posteriorly and much narrower than elytral base ( Fig. 18b View Figure 18 )............................................................................... 12
12(11). Antennal tubercles strongly elevated and acute at apex, distinctly angled in between ( Fig. 19a View Figure 19 ). Middle pronotal callus usually absent or indistinct (shorter than scutellum if present). Basal antennomeres usually with pronounced dorsal sulci on 3–5, at least. Last antennomere of males over 1.5 times length of penultimate and constricted strongly at apical third giving appearance of a twelfth segment. Pronotal punctation finer than that of elytral base. Known only from Texas in the U.S. 14–19 mm ...................................................... Anelaphus subinermis Linsley View in CoL
— Antennal tubercles not or weakly elevated and rounded at apices, nearly flat in between from anterior view ( Fig. 19b View Figure 19 ). Middle pronotal callus distinct (longer than scutellum and sometimes elongate and extending nearly the entire length of the pronotum) ( Fig. 21 View Figure 21 a–b). Basal antennomeres without pronounced sulci. Last antennomere not modified and less than 1.5 times length of penultimate. Pronotal punctation fine or coarse ( Fig. 21 View Figure 21 )............................................. 13
13(12). Elytral apex rounded to suture which is, at most, dentiform and lacks spine ( Fig. 20a View Figure 20 )............ 14
— Elytral apex rounded or slightly truncate to suture which has distinct spine ( Fig. 20b View Figure 20 )............ 15
14(13). Pronotum with small, dense maculae of white or ochre pubescence on disk. Pronotal callus oval and less than one-third length of pronotum ( Fig. 21a View Figure 21 ) (indistinct in some specimens). Distributed in southeastern U.S. to Texas. 10–19 mm ............................. Anelaphus inermis (Newman) View in CoL
— Pronotum without distinct maculae. Pronotal callus linear and more than one-half length of pronotum ( Fig. 21b View Figure 21 ). Distributed in southwestern U.S. to Texas ............ Anelaphus brevidens Schaeffer View in CoL
15(13). Third antennomere attaining posterior fourth of pronotum, at most. Elytra with numerous longer, suberect setae in addition to appressed setae. Elytra with generally more robust form ( Fig. 22a View Figure 22 ). Known only from Arizona. 14–19 mm ............................... Anelaphus dentatus Chemsak View in CoL
— Third antennomere apex attaining posterior margin of pronotum. Elytra with very few and sparse suberect setae in addition to appressed setae. Elytra with generally more elongate form ( Fig. 22b View Figure 22 ). Known only from western Texas (Davis Mountains). 12–17 mm .............. Anelaphus belkini Skiles View in CoL
16(2). Each elytron with a few setae that coalesce into one or two inconspicuous patches at middle near lateral margin (note that this taxon will key out in two places due to its variability) ( Fig. 23a View Figure 23 ) (note that a few nearly immaculate specimens of A. subdepressum View in CoL have been seen and those will key here, too, but can be distinguished by slightly open procoxal cavities [closed in A. simile View in CoL ] and darker brown integument [lighter reddish-brown in A. simile View in CoL ]). Known only from Arizona in the U.S. 9–14 mm ........................................................... Anelaphus simile (Schaeffer) View in CoL
— Each elytron without any such spots of pubescence ( Fig. 23b View Figure 23 )................................. 17
17(16). Proxocal cavities closed posteriorly by a strongly expanded intercoxal process ( Fig. 24a View Figure 24 ).......... 18
— Procoxal cavities open behind (see green arrow, Fig. 24b View Figure 24 ); intercoxal process weakly to moderately expanded at apex.................................................................... 20
18(17). Elytra with short, white or off-white, recurved pubescence that is separated by 2–3 longitudinal integumental strips lined by longer erect golden setae (best visible from anterior view, but difficult to see in worn or greasy specimens) ( Fig. 25c, e View Figure 25 ). Pronotum usually with a broad, impunctate, shining band at anterior margin, widest at middle, nearly two-thirds as thick as length of scutellum ( Fig. 25a View Figure 25 ). Southwest U.S. to Texas and Utah. 9–13 mm .................... Anelaphus piceus (Chemsak) View in CoL
— Elytra with pubescence mostly golden, ochre, off-white, or translucent, rather than white, and not separated by longitudinal strips ( Fig. 25d, f View Figure 25 ). Pronotal impunctate band, if present, of uniform width and much narrower than half length of scutellum ( Fig. 25b View Figure 25 )................................... 19 19(18). Elytral pubescence mostly short, ochre or off-white, subappressed and recurved, but mixed with scattered, longer, suberect setae ( Fig. 26a View Figure 26 ). Color usually light reddish-brown. Pronotum broadly rounded at sides or distinctly broader at anterior half than posterior, with punctation contiguous and unevenly alveolate ( Fig. 26b View Figure 26 ). Metasternum on anterior and lateral margins with small, shallow, mostly contiguous punctures that are usually mostly concealed by moderately dense, appressed setae. Known only from Arizona in the U.S. 9–14 mm ............. Anelaphus simile (Schaeffer) View in CoL
— Elytral pubescence mostly golden, suberect and not recurved and mixed with numerous longer, erect setae ( Fig. 26c View Figure 26 ). Color usually dark brown. Pronotum nearly quadrate, not evenly rounded at sides, with ovoid-alveolate punctures mostly larger than those of elytra ( Fig. 26d View Figure 26 ). Metasternum on anterior and lateral margins with relatively deep, small, and separate punctures that are mostly visible and not hidden from sparse setae. Known only from Arizona. 9–12 mm .................................................................. Anelaphus brummermannae Lingafelter View in CoL , n. sp. 20(17). Intercoxal process barely expanded at apex ( Fig. 27a View Figure 27 ), procoxal cavities widely open posteriorly. Mesal spine of third antennomere often shorter than width of base of fourth antennomere. Middle impunctate pronotal callus usually present ( Fig. 27 View Figure 27 c–d) and at least one-fourth length of pronotum.... 21
— Intercoxal process moderately expanded at apex ( Fig. 27b View Figure 27 ), extending behind procoxal cavities, procoxal cavities moderately open posteriorly. Mesal spine of third antennomere longer than width of base of fourth antennomere. Pronotum usually lacking an impunctate callus at middle ( Fig. 27e View Figure 27 ), but if present, shorter than length of 4 punctures............................................. 22
21(20). Tibiae, femora, and most antennomeres with only a few short, erect setae; those present are shorter than half the length of antennomere 4 ( Fig. 28a View Figure 28 ). Pronotal pubescence moderately dense, partially obscuring many punctures ( Fig. 27c View Figure 27 ). Pronotum strongly constricted posteriorly, much narrower at base than apex ( Fig. 27c View Figure 27 ). Length of elytron approximately six times greater than width ( Fig. 1b View Figure 1 ). Known only from southwestern Texas (Big Bend National Park). 9–11 mm ................................................................................ Anelaphus asperus (Knull) View in CoL
— Tibiae, femora, and most antennomeres each with 2–4 very long setae (many about two-thirds the length of antennomere 4) extending in various directions from plane of antennomeres ( Fig. 28b View Figure 28 ). Pronotal pubescence sparse and inconspicuous, not obscuring punctures ( Fig. 27d View Figure 27 ). Pronotum only slightly narrower posteriorly than anteriorly, nearly evenly rounded at sides ( Fig. 27d View Figure 27 ). Length of elytron much less than six times its width ( Fig. 1k View Figure 1 ). Known from Arizona to southwestern Texas. 11–14 mm .................................................. Anelaphus magnipunctatus (Knull) View in CoL 22(20). Pronotal pubescence moderate and conspicuous and punctures of differing size, much more closely spaced and mostly smaller than those of elytral base, more so in males ( Fig. 29a View Figure 29 ). Widely distributed in eastern and southern U.S. to Arizona. 9–15 mm .............. Anelaphus moestus (LeConte) View in CoL
— Pronotal pubescence very inconspicuous, nearly glabrous on disk and punctures mostly uniform in size and distribution, larger than those of elytral base ( Fig. 29b View Figure 29 ). Known only from Arizona in the U.S. 9–15 mm ................................................. Anelaphus submoestus Linsley View in CoL
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.