Tricolia capensis ( Dunker, 1846 )

Herbert, David G., 2015, An annotated catalogue and bibliography of the taxonomy, synonymy and distribution of the Recent Vetigastropoda of South Africa (Mollusca), Zootaxa 4049 (1), pp. 1-98 : 80

Tricolia capensis ( Dunker, 1846)

Phasianella capensis Dunker, 1846: 110 . Krauss, 1848: 104, pl. 6, fig. 5. Bartsch, 1915: 145. Type loc.: ‘ Prom. bon. spei ’ [Cape of Good Hope]; 30 syntypes in ZMB (108.794).

Phasianella africana Bartsch, 1915: 145 , pl. 10, fig. 2. Turton, 1932: 174, no. 1235. Type loc.: Port Alfred, E. Cape; holotype in USNM (186870).

Phasianella rufanensis Turton, 1932: 174 , pl. 41, no. 1232. Type loc.: Port Alfred, E. Cape; holotype in OXUM (M002778).

Phasianella rufanensis adjacens Turton, 1932: 174 , pl. 41, no. 1233. Type loc.: Port Alfred, E. Cape; holotype in OXUM (M002779).

Phasianella farquhari Turton, 1932: 174 , pl. 41, no. 1234. Type loc.: Port Alfred, E. Cape; holotype in OXUM (M002780).

Tricolia capensis — Grindley & Kensley, 1966: 11. Day, 1969: 158 (in part). Kensley, 1973: 52, fig. 143. Kensley, 1977: 190, fig. 1 (Pliocene). Kensley & Penrith, 1980: 211. Kilburn & Rippey, 1982: 42 (in part, includes T. kochii (Philippi, 1848)) , pl. 9, fig. 7b [not 7a = Tricolia kochii ]. Robertson, 1985: 21. Branch et al., 2010: 180, fig. 79.8, 79.8a. Nangammbi, 2010: 105, figs 2.24–2.27. Marais, 2011: 51. Nangammbi et al. in press.

Tricolia africana — Nangammbi, 2010: 98, figs 2.20–2.23. Nangammbi et al. in press (= capensis ).

Not Tricolia capensis —Steyn & Lussi,1998: 28, fig. 93 [= Tricolia kochii ( Philippi, 1848) ].

Not Phasianella capensis — Deshayes, 1863: 76. Viader, 1937: 54 [?= Phasianella solida Born, 1878 ].

Distribution. Southern and Atlantic Cape coast, from southern Transkei (Qora River) to the Namibia-Angola border ( Kensley & Penrith 1980); intertidal.

Notes. Molecular studies have shown that, although morphologically distinct, T. africana and T. capensis cannot be distinguished from a genetic perspective (Nangammbi et al. in press). In all probability they are warmtemperate ( africana ) and cold-temperate ( capensis ) ecomorphs of a single species. Shells of somewhat intermediate appearance occur on either side of Cape Agulhas. Records from the Mascarene Islands and Japan were based on misidentified and mislocalised material respectively ( Robertson 1985).