Simothraulopsis diamantinensis Mariano, 2010

Do, Jeane M. C., Salles, Frederico F. & Hamada, Neusa, 2017, Systematics of Simothraulopsis Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), Zootaxa 4285 (1), pp. 1-81 : 30-35

Simothraulopsis diamantinensis Mariano, 2010

( Figs 2 A, 3A, 19–23)

Simothraulopsis diamantinensis Mariano 2010: 130 .

Diagnosis. Male imago: 1) general coloration: thorax dark brown, abdomen orangish brown ( Figs 19 A, B); 2) hind wing with costal projection almost forming a right angle, located approximately 1/2 distance from base to apex of wing, without a cross vein ( Figs 20 B, C); 3) terga III–V with anterior region translucent white ( Figs 20 A); 4) penis projection spine-like, short (less than the half of total length of penis lobes) and directed to the midline of the body ( Figs 20 D, E); 5) penis lobes fused on basal 1/4 ( Figs 20 D, E); 6) ventral region of penis lobes without a wellmarked sclerotized region ( Fig. 19 D). Mature nymph: 1) hind tibia with a row of spatulate setae with bifid apex on dorsal surface near inner and outer margin ( Fig. 23 C); 2) femur III slender, about four times longer than wide ( Fig. 23 C); 3) posterolateral projections presents on abdominal segments VIII and IX ( Fig. 21 E); 4) gills translucent, slightly washed with grayish brown; tracheal region gray ( Fig. 21 D).

Male imago. Length: body: 4.8–6.0 mm; forewing: 6.0– 6.3 mm; hind wing: 1.2–1.4 mm.

Head. Dorsal region brown lightly washed with orange, with black margins; ventral region yellowish brown, with black marks. Upper portion of compound eyes grayish brown, lower portion black; ocelli whitish surrounded by black. Scape and pedicel of antenna brown, flagellum light gray, translucent at base ( Figs 19 A–C).

Thorax. Pronotum yellowish brown, surrounded by grayish brown; with medial stripe and submedial mark dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown; medial longitudinal, anterolateral scutal, lateroparapsidal and medioparapsidal sutures yellowish brown; scuto-scutellar impression light brown and scutellum brown. Pleura dark brown irregularly washed with gray. Metanotum brown. Sterna yellowish brown, sutures dark brown ( Figs 19 A–C). Wings membrane hyaline ( Figs 20 A–C). Forewing with longitudinal and cross veins yellowish; costal arm and base of veins C, Sc and R1 dark brown; fork of vein MP slightly asymmetric ( Fig. 20 A). Hind wing with costal projection well developed, almost forming a right angle, located approximately 1/2 distance from base to apex of wing, without a cross vein ( Figs 20 B, C); longitudinal and cross veins light yellow translucent, except base of vein C to costal projection brown; with a slender area of costal region light yellow, lower portion of hind wing almost completely black, except hyaline basal area. Legs. Coxae and trochanters brown. Leg I. femur orangish brown; tibia grayish brown, apical region lighter; tarsus grayish white. Legs II and III: femora yellowish brown; tibiae gray; tarsi grayish white.

Abdomen. Terga orangish brown; posterior margins black. Tergum I completely brown; terga II and VI–VIII with anterior region and lateral margin orangish yellow; terga III–V with anterior region translucent white; tergum X yellowish brown with margins and medial region dark brown. Sterna orangish brown, sterna I–V with anterior region translucent ( Fig. 19 A–C). Genitalia ( Figs 19 D; 20D, E). Styliger plate yellowish brown, except posterior margin whitish and lateral margin blackish brown. Forceps segment I dark brown, segments II and III whitish gray. Segment II 0.1 length of segment I, 1.08 length of segment III. Penis lobes yellowish brown, separated by approximately width of a lobe and fused on basal ¼; inner margins divergent; each lobe rounded apically, with a short (less than the half of total length of penis lobes) spine-like projection, directed to the midline of the body; ventral region of penis lobes without a well-marked sclerotized region ( Fig. 19 D). Caudal filaments yellowish brown, except basal region gray brown and apical margin of each segment dark brown.

Female imago. Length: body: 5.2–6.5 mm; forewing: 6.3–6.6 mm; hind wing: 1.4–1.6 mm. Color pattern similar to male imago, except by coloration lighter. Sterna IX with lateral margin dark gray.

Mature nymph. Length: body, 4.7–5.2 mm; antenna, 2.5–2.7 mm; cerci, 4.4–4.9 mm; Caudal filament, 5.0– 5.3 mm. General coloration yellowish brown ( Figs 21 ).

Head. Brown, irregularly washed with gray and with whitish marks. Upper portion of male compound eyes reddish black, lower portion black. Eyes of female black. Ocelli gray, surrounded with black ( Figs 21 A–C). Scape and pedicel of antenna light brown, flagellum translucent. Maximum width of labrum 1.15 times maximum width of clypeus. Labrum ( Fig. 22 A) yellowish brown, basal region with light gray marks; anteromedial emargination broad, with five denticles: three median of equal size and two laterals larger. Mandible ( Fig. 22 B) yellowish brown, translucent near to basal articulation and apical region (except incisors and molar area dark yellow); with a pair of rounded, white marks medially located; outer margin slightly curved, with 5–6 filiform, long, thick setae medially located. Maxilla ( Fig. 22 C) yellowish translucent, outer margin grayish brown. Segment II of maxillary palpi 1.25 length of segment I, 2.3 length of segment III. Hypopharynx as in figure 22D. Labium as in figure 22E.

Thorax. Terga yellowish brown with few gray marks; anterior margin of pronotum with 4–5 spines; pleura brownish; sterna whitish yellow. Coxae and trochanters brown washed with gray; tibia grayish with basal and subapical grayish brown bands; tarsi grayish with a sub-basal brown band. Femora I and II brown, except near dorsal margin and transverse submedial whitish band, apical region with a dark gray mark; femur III almost completely brown with a light gray subapical mark and whitish apical mark; tibiae slightly washed with brown, with a subapical band dark brown; tarsus with a sub-basal band brown. Femur III slender, about four times longer than wide ( Fig. 23 C). Leg I ( Fig. 23 A). Coxa and trochanter bare. Femur: outer margin with apical half with long, stout setae; inner margin with short stout setae; dorsal surface with thick bifid setae and spatulate setae of different sizes; region near inner margin with pectinate setae. Tibia: inner margin with pectinate setae; dorsal surface with stout setae near inner margin and filiform setae near outer margin. Tarsus with few short stout setae along inner margin. Leg II ( Fig. 23 B). Coxa bare. Trochanter with short, spatulate setae. Femur: outer margin with apical half with long, stout setae; inner margin with short stout setae; dorsal surface with spatulate setae. Tibia: inner margin with pectinate setae, outer margin with filiform setae; dorsal surface with spatulate setae with bifid apex near inner margin. Tarsus with filiform setae along outer margin. Leg III ( Fig. 23 C). Coxa bare. Trochanter with few lanceolate setae. Femur: outer margin with stout setae, apical half with long, stout setae; inner margin with short stout setae; dorsal surface with spatulate setae. Tibia: inner margin with pectinate setae; outer margin with a row of teardrop shaped setae and short filiform setae; dorsal surface with spatulate setae with bifid apex near inner and outer margins. Tarsus with few short stout setae along inner margin and short setae on outer margin.

Abdomen. General coloration yellowish brown, central area washed with gray; posterior margins of terga dark gray; tergum VIII with a yellowish mark on medial region; tergum X yellow, with margins black and a rounded macula near apical margin ( Figs 21 A–C). Gills translucent, slightly washed with grayish brown; tracheal region gray ( Fig. 21 D). Posterolateral projections present on abdominal segments VIII and IX ( Fig. 21 E). Caudal filaments yellowish, basal area darker.

Life cycle association. Reared.

Comments. S. diamantinensis was widely collected in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo ( Fig. 28 ). The nymphs were collected in different environments, from small to large rivers. However, the greatest abundance of nymphs occurs in high altitude rocky bottom rivers.

Imagos of S. diamantinensis are similar to those of S. eurybasis sp. nov., since the spine-like projections of the penis lobes, in both species, are short and directed to the midline. Despite that, they can be distinguished from each other by the distance between the penis lobes, which is widely separated in S. eurybasis sp. nov. ( Figs 20 D; 40D) and by the abdominal coloration, lighter in S. diamantinensis ( Figs 19 A, B; 39A, B). Nymphs of these two species can be separated from each other by the general coloration: in S. diamantinensis the thorax is less marked and the abdomen is lighter ( Figs 21 A, E; 41A, E).

Material examined: BRAZIL: Bahia State: Abaíra: stream in road for Inúbia (S 13°17'09.5"; W 41°52'08.2"; 1115m) 27/v/2013, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC & Silva, JO cols : 3 I ♂, 1 ♀; Lençóis: Ribeirão river (S 12°35'12.3"; W 41°23'22.5"; 381m) 28/v/2013, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC & Silva, JO cols : 1 I ♂, 1 ♀, 7 N; 23/ x/2008, Calor AR, Mariano R & Mateus S cols: 2 I ♂. Palmeira: stream in Pousada do vale do Capão (S 12°37'20.9"; W 41°29'13.2"; 909m) 29/v/2013, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC & Silva, JO cols: 5N; Preto river (S 12°33'03.7"; W 41°33'36.7"; 686m) 29/v/2013, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC & Silva, JO cols : 1 I ♂; stream in Morro do Capão (S 12°39'14.8"; W 41°29'13.6", 918m) 29/v/2013, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC & Silva, JO cols: 12 N; Andaraí: Garapa river (S 12°44'47.7"; W 41°20'53.6"; 323m) 27/v/2013, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC, cols: 15 N; Catolés: Catolés de Cima stream (S 13°17'18.7"; W 41°52'29.5"; 593m) 26/v/2013, 9 N; Rio de Contas, stream in road (S 13°28'55"; W 41°51'54.7"; 473m) 06/vi/2013, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC & Silva, JO cols: 7N. Espírito Santo State: Afonso Cláudio: Funil waterfall (S 20°08'35.1"; W 41°09'02.0"; 446m) 27/iii/2011, Salles FF, Nascimento JMC, Massariol FC & Bertazo K cols : 3 I ♂; Alegre: Fumaça waterfall (S 20°37'52.1"; W 41°36'18.8"; 447m) 28/v/2011, Nascimento JMC, Massariol FC, Barcelos-Silva P, Angeli K & Bertazo K cols : 3 I ♂; Sooretama: São José river (S 19°07'33.1"; W 40°14'26.1"; 24m) 05/iii/2013, Salles FF & Nascimento JMC cols: 7 I ♂, 3 ♀, 5 N; 19/v/2011, Nascimento JMC, Barcelos-Silva P, Azeredo J & Rizzi EA cols: 13 I ♂, 2 ♀, 7 N; 20/ iv/2012, Massariol FC & Angeli, cols: 8 N; 09/ix/2010, Nascimento JMC, Massariol FC & Angeli, cols: 1 N; Santa Teresa: Água Limpa stream (S 18°22'04.1"; W 40°08'23.8"; 760m) , 18/i/2008, Salles FF, Nascimento JMC, Boldrini R & Massariol cols: 8 N; Grande waterfall (S 19°52'30.8''; W 40°31'56.6''; 712m) 20/i/2008 Salles FF, Nascimento JMC, Boldrini R & Massariol cols: 7 N; Escavado stream, Poção (S19°52'31.7''; W40°31'47.3''; 705m) 19/ii/2009 Salles FF, Nascimento JMC, Soares EDG & Farias-Jr LR cols: 13 N; Reserva Biológica Augusto Rusch, Augusto Rusch waterfall (S19°55'30.1''; W40°32'21.9''; 704m) 20/ii/2009, Salles FF, Nascimento JMC & Rúdio JA cols: 7 N.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Habitus, male imagos. A) Simothraulopsis diamantinensis; B) Simothraulopsis caliginosus sp. nov.; C) Simothraulopsis plesius.

FIGURE 19. Simothraulopsis diamantinensis, male imago. A) habitus, dorsal view; B) habitus, lateral view; C) head and thorax, detail; D) genitalia, ventral view.

FIGURE 20. Simothraulopsis diamantinensis, male imago. A) forewing; B) hind wing; C) enlarged hind wing; D) genitalia, ventral view; E) penis lobes, detail.

FIGURE 21. Simothraulopsis diamantinensis, nymph. A) male, dorsal view; B) male, lateral view; C) female, dorsal view; D) gill IV; E) abdomen, ventral view.

FIGURE 22. Simothraulopsis diamantinensis, nymph, mouthparts. A) labrum, dorsal view; B) left mandible; C) maxilla; D) hypopharynx; E) labium.

FIGURE 23. Simothraulopsis diamantinensis, nymph. A) foreleg; B) middle leg; C) hind leg.

FIGURE 28. Simothraulopsis janae, nymph. A) foreleg; B) middle leg; C) hind leg.