Scypholanceola aestiva (Stebbing)

Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2009, A review of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Lanceoloidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), Zootaxa 2000, pp. 1-117 : 60-62

Scypholanceola aestiva (Stebbing)

( Figs 21 & 22)

Lanceola aestiva Stebbing, 1888: 1309–1313 (part), pl. 153. Fowler 1904: 50 /51 (list/table), 52 (part).

Scypholanceola aestiva - Thurston 1973: 334–335, fig. 1. Brusca 1981: 8 (list), 38, 39, fig. 3a. Vinogradov et al. 1982: 78–81, fig 22a, 23, 24a. Vinogradov 1990: 51; 1991: 261 (table); 1993: 42, 43 (table). De Broyer & Jazdzewski 1993: 110. Lavaniegos & Ohman 1999: 493 (table). Vinogradov 1999: 1148 (table), 1171, fig. 4.42. Browne et al. 2007: 820 (table), fig. 4.

Scypholanceola vanhoeffeni Woltereck, 1909: 161 , 167, pl. 7, fig. 24 a, b. Barnard 1916: 290–291. Woltereck 1927: 65–68, figs 5a, b, 9. Barnard 1932: 257. Pirlot 1939: 8. Barnard 1940: 520 (list). Shoemaker 1945: 215, 218, fig. 22. Vinogradov 1956: 196; 1957: 196; 1960a: 207–208, fig. 5a; 1962: 7. Siegfried 1963: 6 (list), 12 (table). Vinogradov 1964: 117. Hurley 1969: 33. Dick 1970: 29 (key), 47, fig. 2 (part). Vinogradov 1970: 384 (table). Sanger 1973: 16–17.

Scypholanceola chuni Woltereck, 1909: 162 , 167, pl. 7, fig. 23. Woltereck 1927: 65–68, fig. 6

Scypholanceola richardi Chevreux, 1920 ; 8–11, figs 4–6. Woltereck 1927: 65–68, fig. 8. Pirlot 1929: 45. Chevreux 1935: 139–141, pl. 14, figs 11, 12; pl. 15, fig. 12.

Type material. The lectotype of S. aestiva is in the BMNH (89.5.15.188) mounted on six microscope slides. The type locality is the tropical South Atlantic, off Brazil [08º37’S 34º28’W]; Challenger Stn. 120, trawled over 675 fathoms, 9 Sep. 1873 .

When Stebbing (1888) described his species he had two specimens. The larger one, described and figured, is the lectotype of S. aestiva and the smaller, damaged specimen, from Challenger Stn. 106 [01°47’N 24º20’W], is L. loveni Bovallius, 1885 (see Thurston 1973).

Type material of synonyms. A syntype male of S. vanhoeffeni is in the ZMB (21332). It was collected by the Gauss from near the Davis Sea [64°29’S 85°21’E], from a vertical haul to 3000 m, 10 Mar. 1903. Other specimens mentioned by Woltereck (1905, 1909) could not be found in the ZMB or USNM and are considered lost although the ZMB has a juvenile specimen (21333) collected by the Gauss from the Atlantic, near St. Helena [12°11’S 06°16’W], 4 Sep. 1903, but its type status is uncertain.

Type material of S. chuni could not be found in the ZMB or USNM and is considered lost. Woltereck (1904) distinguished this species on the basis of minor variations in the eye shape, which are considered well within the normal variation of S. aestiva , and it is therefore considered a synonym.

Chevreux described S. richardi from several specimens using a specimen about 30 mm long from Hirondelle II Stn. 3453 to illustrate and describe in detail. The MOM has two specimens from the syntypic series mounted on microscope slides. A female, 30 mm (37 1087), from the North Atlantic, S. of Madeira [31°32’N 17°22’W]; Hirondelle II Stn. 3107, 0–4000 m, 7 Aug. 1911, and the specimen used in the description and illustration (37 1088) from the North Atlantic, near Nova Scotia [43°26’N 59º03’W]; Hirondelle II Stn. 3453, 0–1800 m, 28 Aug. 1913. The whereabouts of the other material mentioned by Chevreux (1920) is unknown. The distinguishing characters attributed to this species are minor and well within the normal variation of S. aestiva , and it is therefore considered a synonym.

Material examined. Types. The lectotype of S. aestiva and a syntype male of S. vanhoeffeni as detailed above.

Other material examined. North-East Atlantic: Male ( ZMUC); S. of Ireland [48°04’N 12°40’W]; Thor Stn. 178, 4000 mw, 2 Sept. 1906 . Female , juvenile ( ZMUC); S. of Iceland [61°30’N 17°08’W]; Thor Stn. 183, 1800 mw, 4 Sept. 1906 . Female , two juveniles ( ZMUC); N of Madeira [33°26’N 16°59’W]; Dana Stn. 1142 VI , 5000 mw, 15 Oct. 1921 . Male ( ZMUC); Gulf of Guinea [03°56’N 12°32.5’W]; Dana Stn. 4001 I, 1000 mw, 6 Mar. 1930 . Three males, three juveniles ( ZMUC); W. of Sierra Leone [08°26’N 15°11’W]; Dana Stns 4003 III, IV & VIII, 4000, 3000 & 600 mw, 9 Mar. 1930 . Two males ( ZMUC); Bay of Biscay [46°28’N 08°01’W]; Dana Stns 4158 XIII & XIV, 950 & 4000 mw, 17 Jan. 1930 . North-West Atlantic : Male ( ZMUC); mouth of Davis Strait [62°53’N 54°15’W]; Jjalfe Stn. 434, 1660m, 9 Jun. 1909 . Male ( ZMUC); near Barbados [13°07’N 57°20’W]; Dana Stn. 1181 , 4000–0 mw, 21 Nov. 1921 . Male ( ZMUC); Caribbean Sea [13°46’N 61°26’W]; Dana Stn. 1183 XI , 4000 mw, 24 Nov. 1921 . Male , female, juvenile ( ZMUC); Caribbean Sea [17°54’N 64°54’W]; Dana Stn. 1186 III , 3000 mw, 30 Nov. 1921 . Female ( ZMUC); W. off Florida [25°50’N 76°55’W]; Dana Stn. 1239 XI , 4500 mw, 12 Feb. 1922 . Male ( ZMUC); Caribbean Sea [14°37’N 61°17’W]; Dana Stn. 3545 IV, 2000 mw, 17 Aug. 1928 . South East Atlantic : Two males ( BMNH 1936.11 .2.2511 &12); off South Africa [33°07’S 04°30’E]; Discovery Stn. 85, 2000 (-0) m, 23 Jun. 1926 . Male ( BMNH 1936.11.2.2513); off South Africa [33°25’S 06°31’E]; Discovery Stn. 86, 1000 (-0) m, 24 Jun. 1926 . Male ( BMNH 1936.11.2.2514); off South Africa [35°14’S 06°49’E]; Discovery Stn. 256, 850–1100 (-0) m, 23 Jun. 1927 . Male , two juveniles ( BMNH 1936.11 .2.2515 & 16); Gulf of Guinea [00°46’S 05°49’E]; Discovery Stn. 281, 850–950 (-0) m, 12 Jul. 1927 . Juvenile ( ZMB 21333); N. of St. Helena [12°11’S 06°16’W]; col. Gauss (Deutschen Süpolar-Exped.), vert. 2000 m, 4 Sept. 1903 . Four males, two females ( ZMUC); off South Africa [30°15’S 13°15’E]; Dana Stns 3978 VII & VIII, 4000 & 3000 mw, 13 Feb. 1930 . Four males, two juveniles ( ZMUC); off South Africa [23°26’S 03°56’E]; Dana Stns 3980 VII & IX, 5000 & 3000 mw, 17 Feb. 1930 . Five males, juvenile ( ZMUC); S. of St. Helena [15°41’S 05°50’W]; Dana Stns 3996 I – III, 4000, 3000 & 2000 mw, 25 Feb. 1930 . Seven males, two females, two juveniles ( ZMUC); S.W. of Gulf of Guinea [07°34’S 08°48’W]; Dana Stns 3998 I, II & VIII–X, 1000, 600 & 4000–2000 mw, 1 Mar. 1930 . Male , four females, three juveniles ( ZMUC); S of Liberia [00°31’S 11°02’W]; Dana Stns 4000 VI–X, 6000–2000mw, 4 Mar. 1930 . North-East Pacific : Two juveniles ( SAMA C6263 ); W. of British Columbia [48°10’N 129° 45’W]; ex. M. Galbraith, 0–1900 m, 18 Jul. 1991 . Male ( SAMA C6264 ), W. of British Columbia [50°12.23’N 144°48.11’W]; ex. M. Galbraith, 1000–0 m, 11 Jun. 2005 . Male ( SAMA C6265 ); W. of British Columbia [52°29’N 138°44’W]; ex M. Galbraith, 1500– 1000 m, 28 Sept. 2001 . Male ( SAMA C6266 ); W. of Oregon [45°15’N 126°39.97’W]; ex. M. Galbraith, 250 m, 21 May 2001 . Male ( SAMA C6267 ); near E. Aleutian Is. [50°0.5’N 165°0.2’N]; ex. M Galbraith, 150 m, Sept. 1999 . Male , female, juvenile ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [06°48’N 80°33’W]; Dana Stns 1208 XVI –XVI, 3100, 2600 & 2100 mw, 16 Jun. 1922 . Male , two juveniles ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [07°06’N 79° 55’W]; Dana Stns 3548 II & III, 3000 & 2000 mw 3 Sept. 1928 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [07°16’N 78°30’W]; Dana Stn. 3949 VI, 2000 mw, 4 Sept. 1928 . North-West Pacific : Male , female ( Japan Agency , Marine Science & Tech, Yokosuka ); Suruga Bay , Japan [34°32’N 138°32’E]; col. D.J. Lindsay, 2004. Male , ( Japan Agency , Marine Science & Tech., Yokosuka ); Sagami Bay, Japan [35°N 139°20’E]; col. D.J. Lindsay, 1000–1100 & 0–1500 m, 2004. Juvenile ( ZMUC); South China Sea [06°55’N 114°02’E]; Dana Stn. 3688 III, 3000 mw, 8 Apr. 1929 . Female ( ZMUC); South China Sea [07°13.5’N 111°49’E]; Dana Stn. 3689 III, 2000 mw, 9 Apr. 1929 . Three juveniles ( ZMUC); South China Sea, W. off Luzon [14°37’N 119°52’E]; Dana Stn. 3731 XII, 2500 mw, 16 Jun. 1929 . South-East Pacific : Two males, four juveniles ( ZMUC); tropical S.E. Pacific [04°20’S 116°46’W]; Dana Stns 3561 II–IV, 4000, 3000 & 2000 mw, 24 Sept. 1928 . South-West Pacific : Female ( AM P66442); Tasman Sea [34°34’08”S 168° 56°29’E]; col. P.B. Berents, 1340 m, 3 Jun. 2003 . Male , two juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of New Zealand [30°08’S 176°50’E]; Dana Stns 3627 II & III, 4000 & 3000 mw, 14 Dec.1928 . Central South Pacific : Male, two juveniles ( ZMUC); near Samoa [11°00’S 172°37’W]; Dana Stn. 3587 II, III & VI, 4000, 3970 & 1000 mw, 2 Nov. 1928 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); near Fiji [17°27’S 179°33’E]; Dana Stn. 3593 II, 2700 mw, 10 Nov. 1928 . Male ( ZMUC); near New Caledonia [22°43’S 166°05.8’E]; Dana Stn. 3613 VIII, 3000 mw, 28 Nov. 1928 . Male ( ZMUC); N of New Zealand [28°17.6’S 177°01’E]; Dana Stn. 3624 III, 3000 mw, 10 Dec. 1928 . Indo-Pacific : Male ( ZMUC); Banda Sea [05°28’S 130° 39’E]; Dana Stn. 3677 I, 5000 mw, 23 Mar. 1929 . Female ( ZMUC); Banda Sea [04°05’S 128° 16’E]; Dana Stn. 3678 I, 5000 mw, 24 Mar. 1929 . East Indian : Male ( ZMUC); S.W. of Sumatra [00°08’S 97°15’E]; Dana Stn. 3824 V, 600 mw, 15 Sept. 1929 . Female , juvenile ( ZMUC); W. of Sumatra [01°42’N 96°05’E]; Dana Stn. 3828 IX, 2000 mw, 18 Sept. 1929 . Male ( ZMUC CRU-9927); near Cocos Is. [12°02’S 96°43’E]; Dana Stn. 3847 II, 3000 mw, 11 Oct. 1929 . Male , two females, two juveniles ( ZMUC); S. of Sri Lanka [05°21’N 80°38’E]; Dana Stns 3909 IV & V, 3000 & 2000 mw, 22 Nov. 1929 . Male ( ZMUC); S.W. of Maldive Is. [01°45’N 71°05’E]; Dana Stn. 3917 V, 1200 mw, 5 Dec. 1929 . West Indian : Juvenile ( ZMUC); between Maldive Is. & Madagascar [01°06’S 62°25’E]; Dana Stn 3920 IV, 2500 mw 9 Dec. 1929 . Male , female ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [11°18’S 50°03’E]; Dana Stn. 3933 I, 4000 mw, 20 Dec. 1929 . Two juveniles ( ZMUC); S. of Mozambique Channel [25°19’S 36°13’E]; Dana Stn. 3964 VII, 2500 mw, 15 Jan. 1930 . Male , female ( ZMUC); S. of Capetown [35°42’S 18°37’E]; Dana Stn. 3975 I, 3000 mw, 31 Jan. 1930 . Southern Ocean : Female ( SAMA C6268 ); near Macquarie I. [53°57.7’S 159°0.9’E to 53°49.5’S 159° 07’E]; FRV Southern Surveyor, 770 m, 27 Jun. 1999 . Female ( SAMA C6269 ); near Macquarie I. [53°23.6’S 159°34.1’E to 53°23.6’S 159°33.4’E]; FRV Southern Surveyor, 1003 m, 28 Jun. 1999 .

Diagnosis. Body length up to 60 mm ( Woltereck 1909) but usually only about 50 mm, reaching sexual maturity at about 30 mm. Cuticle very thin, translucent. Pereon relatively inflated. Head with short, tapering, sharp rostrum. Eyes large, made up of two cup-shaped reflector organs occupying most of lateral surface of head; bottom of cups lack metallic sheen, even in fresh specimens. Antennae 1 slightly longer than head and first pereonite combined; terminal article elongate-oval, equal in length to preceding two articles combined. Antennae 2 length about twice A1, more or less. Pereopods relatively slender. Pereopod 3 similar to P4; basis length 1.3–1.5x merus; merus length 1.2x carpus; propodus length 1.2x carpus; propodus length 1.3x carpus; dactylus length less than 0.2x propodus. Pereopods 5–7 with retractile, fully hooded dactyls. Pereopod 5 very slender, slightly longer than P4; basis length about 1.4x merus; carpus length 0.8x merus; propodus length almost 0.8x carpus. Pereopod 6; length 1.3x P5, as long as pereon and first pleonite combined; basis length 1.2x merus; carpus length 0.8x merus; propodus length 1.2x carpus. Pereopod 7 about half-length P6; basis length 1.6x merus; carpus slightly shorter than merus; propodus length almost 1.4x carpus. Peduncles and rami of urosome relatively slender. Peduncle of U1 slightly exceeds limit of peduncle of U2. Uropod 3; peduncle width about 0.3x length. Telson with roundish tip; length usually more than half to 0.7x peduncle of U3.

Colour, according to Vinogradov & Semenova (1996) “dark-cherry, monotone colouring of the body and pereopoda”. From images sent to me by Rebeca Gasca, the antennae, mouthparts, head, pereopoda and most of pereonites 1 & 2 are bright red, the remainder is translucent.

Remarks. As noted previously, this species is easily confused with Lanceola loveni but is readily distinguished by the structure of the eyes. The morphology of the mouthparts is also similar to Lanceola species except that the body of the mandible is more rectangular.

Distribution. A very widely distributed species, although relatively uncommon. In the Atlantic it is here recorded from as far north as Davis Strait (62°53’N) to as far south as 35°S, off South Africa. In the Pacific it is common in the northern parts, including the Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea as well as the tropics and as far south as 50°S ( Vinogradov et al. 1982). In addition, it is here recorded from the South China Sea, Tasman Sea and Indo-Pacific for the first time. In the Indian Ocean it has been recorded mainly from tropical regions but also occurs off South Africa as far south as 35°S. It also seems to be relatively common in Atlantic waters having been recorded as far south as 65°S ( Vinogradov 1962). It seems to inhabit a wide range of depths from 500 m to 3500 m but seems to be most common in the 1000–1500 layer ( Vinogradov et al. 1982).