Hornschuchia lianarum D.M.Johnson

Vilela, Lucas & Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho, 2022, Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, European Journal of Taxonomy 828, pp. 75-108 : 90-91

Hornschuchia lianarum D.M.Johnson

Fig. 3

Brittonia 47: 300, figs 4E, 21C–D, 22A–G ( Johnson & Murray 1995).

Type : BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Barra do Choça, Estrada que liga a Rod. BR-116 a São Sebastião, 4Km a W da cidade ”; [14°49′49″ S, 40°36′14″ W]; 21 Nov. 1978, S.A. Mori 11254; holotype: CEPEC [ CEPEC00015054 ]!; isotypes: K [ K000485527 ]!, NY [ NY00312030 ]!, NY [ NY00312031 ]!, U [ U0000333 ] !.

Material examined

BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Antônio Cardoso, Fazenda Sossego ”; 11°52′35″ S, 40°27′9″ W [12°22′5″ S, 39°6′31″ W]; alt. 465 m; 11 Aug. 1999; E. de Melo 2774; HUEFS [ HUEFS039004 ]!, RB [ RB00434949 ] ! • ibid.; 14 Apr. 1995; E. de Melo 1143; HUEFS [ HUEFS019942 ] ! • “ Cachoeira , Vale dos Rios Paraguaçu e Jacuípe ”; 12°32′ S, 39°05′ W [12°31′59″ S, 39°4′59″ W]; Sep. 1980; Grupo Pedra do Cavalo 747; CEPEC [ CEPEC00036791 ] ! • “ Jussari, Ca 2.5km N of Palmira on road connecting Palmira to the Itaju do Colônia-Itapé Road, Fazenda São Roque , owner Luis Fernando Verde ”; 15°8′48″ S, 39°34′8″ W; alt. 250 m; 14 Mar. 2001; W.W. Thomas 12313; CEPEC [ CEPEC00088237 ]!, HUEFS [ HUEFS184309 ]!, MBML [ MBML042597 ]!, NY [ NY01282053 ]!, RB [ RB00484198 ]!, UFRN [ UFRN00013825 ] ! • “ Fazenda Teimoso, Reserva Serra do Teimoso , a N. do portão da reserva ”; 15°9′12″ S, 39°31′50″ W; alt. 275 m; 16 Mar. 2003; W.W. Thomas 13393; CEPEC [ CEPEC00098362 ]!, RB [ RB00485209 ] ! • “ Vitória da Conquista, Área ao S. da BR-106, ca 25 km a E. da cidade, ao longo da Rodovia 4 km a W. de São Sebastião ”; [14°45′4″ S, 40°40′47″ W]; 16 Jul. 1991; D.M. Johnson 1838; CEPEC [ CEPEC00064458 ] !. – Minas Gerais • “ Jacinto , estrada Jacinto-Almenara, 10 km de Jacinto. Encosta suave ao norte da estrada, ao lado da antiga estrada de terra ”; 16°07′15.4″ S, 40°22′51.2″ W; 29 Oct. 2008; R. Mello-Silva 3140; SPF ! • “ Estrada Almenara-Jacinto, ca 50 km de Almenara. Lado esquerdo da estrada ”; 16°7′25″ S, 40°22′51″ W; 23 Jan. 2004; J. Costa 459; HUEFS [ HUEFS077729 ]!, SPF !.

Description

Shrubs or trees, 1–8 m tall. Leaves chartaceous, petiole 1–4 mm long, lamina 4.2–10 × 2–5 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, wide elliptic or lanceolate to oblanceolate, abaxial surface glabrous to glabrescent or densely covered in trichomes, adaxial surface glabrous, base asymmetric, acute to decurrent or obtuse to rounded, apex acuminate to acute, attenuate to obtuse, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 7–14 pairs of secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 45–60°. Inflorescence one-flowered, supra-axillary or terminal, bracts absent. Flowers with pedicel 1–6 mm long, flower buds 4–6 × 1–2 mm, cylindrical with obtuse apex, covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 3–6 × 2–7 mm, densely covered in trichomes. Petals linear, white or yellowish, 9–15 mm long, glabrous to glabrescent, stamens 6, ca 3 × 0.5 mm, carpels 2–4, ca 2.5–3 × 0.5 mm. Monocarp 1, globose to ellipsoid, 1 cm long, glabrescent, sessile, calyx persistent. Seeds 2, 9–10 × 6–7 mm, with aril.

Distribution and habitat

Hornschuchia lianarum occurs mainly inland in Bahia, with only one location in the north of Minas Gerais, close to the border with Bahia. The species is found in seasonal semideciduous forest, seasonal deciduous forest, also known as ʻlianaʼ forest, and in lowland tropical moist forest ( Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008; Fig. 3 ). In both the seasonal semideciduous and deciduous forests, the dry season is between June and September ( Mori & Silva 1979).

Phenology

Flowering from January to November and fruiting from March to August.

Preliminary conservation status

The inferred EOO was 29 760 km 2 and AOO was 28 km 2. Hornschuchia lianarum is only known from four localities and the region it inhabits has been suffering with progressive loss of habitat ( Landau et al. 2008; Mori & Silva 1979). The species should be considered Endangered, EN B2ab(iii), according to the IUCN (2012) criteria.

Notes

The specimen Noblick 3274 from Feira de Santana, Bahia, is one of the paratypes of H. lianarum ( Johnson & Murray 1995) , but it is, in fact, Oxandra saxicola Maas & Junikka , a species that occurs in the Cerrado, Brazil, and in the chiquitano, Bolivia ( Junikka et al. 2016). Oxandra saxicola shares with H. lianarum the one-flowered inflorescence, small, whitish flowers and globose monocarps. However, O. saxicola has 3–5 bracts (vs ebracteate) and flowers with ca 20 stamens (vs 6) and 5–10 carpels (vs 3).

Hornschuchia lianarum , together with H. mediterranea and H. mellosilvae , inhabits semideciduous forest of Bahia. Moreover, the three species have in common the largest calyces in the genus (3–8 × 2–7 mm). Hornschuchia lianarum is different from the other two by the cylindrical bud (vs globose to rounded to conical). In addition, H. lianarum can be differentiated from H. mellosilvae by the smaller, 9–10 × 6–7 mm, globose to ellipsoid and sessile monocarps with rounded apex (vs 20–24 × 9–12 mm, obloid monocarps with acute apex, with a stipe 1–2 mm long). Hornschuchia lianarum differs from H. mediterranea by its cylindrical floral bud with obtuse apex and fruit with 1 monocarp with persistent calyx (vs floral bud globose to ovoid to conical with acute apex and fruit with 2–5 monocarps with caducous calyx).

Figures

Fig. 3. Geographical distribution of Hornschuchia cauliflora Maas & Setten, H. citriodora D.M.Johnson, H. leptandra D.M.Johnson and H. lianarum D.M.Johnson. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia; ES = Espírito Santo; MG = Minas Gerais.