Hornschuchia citriodora D.M.Johnson

Vilela, Lucas & Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho, 2022, Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, European Journal of Taxonomy 828, pp. 75-108 : 86-87

Hornschuchia citriodora D.M.Johnson

Figs 3 , 4A

Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium 19: 259, fig. 1 ( Johnson & Mello-Silva 1993).

Type: BRAZIL – Espírito Santo • “ Guarapari, Rodovia do Sol, estrada que liga a BR-101 à Praia Setibana, ES-060, a 6 Km da BR-101 ”; [20°36′36.0″ S, 40°29′03.1″ W]; 23 Feb. 1988; J.R. Pirani 2435; holotype: SPF [ SPF00060814 ]!; isotypes: CEPEC [ CEPEC00075532 ]!, K [ K000485526 ]!, MBM [ MBM161035 ]!, MO [MO216927]!, NY[NY00008363]!, NY[NY00008364]!, RB[RB00534142]!, U[U0000331]!, US [ US 00478941]!.

Material examined

BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Alcobaça, km 6–8 da rodovia BA 001, trecho Alcobaça-Caravelas ”; [17°33′15.1″ S, 39°12′46.0″ W]; alt. 20 m; 16 Sep. 1978; T.S. Santos 3328; CEPEC [ CEPEC00014498 ] !. – Espírito Santo • “ Guarapari; Rodovia do Sol, road linking BR-101 to the Praia Setibana, ES-060, at 6 Km E of BR-101 ”; 20°33′S, 40°27′W; 18 Jan. 1993; J.A. Kallunki 342; MBM [ MBM262718 ]!, NY [ NY00395800 ]!, NY [ NY00395799 ]!, SPF ! • ibid., “ along road connecting BR-101 and ES-060, (marked on BR-101 as road for Praia do Sol), 6 km from BR-101, 3 km from ES-060 ”; [20°32′41.4″ S, 40°25′36.1″ W]; 31 Jul. 1991; D.M. Johnson 1848; CEPEC [ CEPEC00064459 ] ! • “ Linhares, Reserva Natural da Vale, Estrada Municipal do M.M.E ”; alt. 64 m; 7 May 2009; P.M.J. Maas 9810; NY [ NY02699055 ]!, SPF ! • ibid., “ 1 km from BR-101 ”; 19°7′ S, 40°2′ W; 13 Feb. 1999; P.M.J. Maas 8828; NY [ NY02699057 ]!, NY [ NY02699056 ] ! • ibid.; 19°07′59.3″ S, 40°05′07.5″ W; alt. 68 m; 25 Nov. 2009; A.Q. Lobão 1533; SAMES [ SAMES00218 ]!, SPF!, VIES [ VIES024742 ] ! • ibid., R.F.L 0089/86 ; 19°07′57.8″ S, 40°05′05.9″ W; alt. 48 m; 2 Dec. 2010; J.C. Lopes 110 et al.; MBML [ MBML049035 ]!, SPF ! • ibid.; alt. 64 m; 14 Dec. 2007; G.S. Siqueira 377; SPF ! • ibid.; 10 Feb. 2008; D.A. Folli 5862; SPF ! • ibid.; 24 Mar. 1998; D.A. Folli 3130; RB [ RB00484633 ] !.

Description

Shrubs or trees, 1–11 m tall. Leaves chartaceous, petiole 1–8 mm long, lamina 9.8–16.5 × 3.2–8 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, narrowly oblong to oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, both surfaces glabrous, base acute to decurrent, apex acuminate to acute, attenuate to obtuse or rarely emarginate, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 8–18 pairs of secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 40–55°. Inflorescence one-flowered, axillary to supra-axillary or terminal, bracts absent. Flowers with pedicel 3–14 mm long, flower buds 6–17 × 1–4 mm, conical, glabrescent to densely covered in trichomes or glabrescent at the base and glabrous towards the apex. Sepals connate at the base with triangular apex, (1–)2–3(–4) × 1–3 mm, glabrous to glabrescent. Petals linear, white, 10–21 mm long, covered in trichomes, stamens (5–)6, 4–4.5 × 0.5 mm, carpels 3–5, 5–7 × 0.5 mm. Monocarps 1–2, globose, 16–43 × 11–28 mm, glabrous, green in vivo, stipe subsessile, calyx caducous. Seeds 2–8, globose to ellipsoid, 9–19 × 6–10 mm, brownish, smooth, without aril.

Distribution and habitat

Hornschuchia citriodora is distributed from Bahia to Espírito Santo. There is only one record from the northern extreme of its distribution, in Alcoçoba, Bahia. Hornschuchia citriodora inhabits both lowland tropical moist forest, in Bahia ( Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008), and tabuleiro forest, a seasonal semideciduous forest, in northern Espírito Santo ( Peixoto et al. 2008; Fig. 3 ).

Phenology

Flowering from December to May and fruiting from February to March.

Preliminary conservation status

The inferred EOO was 4499 km 2 and AOO was 16 km 2. In Espírito Santo, H. citriodora occurs in a conservation unit ( Lopes & Mello-Silva 2014) and close to the main roads at other localities. As such, H. citriodora should be considered Endangered, EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) according to the IUCN (2012) criteria.

Notes

Hornschuchia citriodora is the only species in the genus with sepals connate at the base with triangular apex ( Fig. 4A ). In the other species of Hornschuchia sepals are completely connate, forming a cupuliform calyx with truncate apex. In Lopes & Mello-Silva (2014) the monocarp shape was described incorrectly as fusiform instead of globose. The description of H. citriodora has been updated ( Johnson & Murray 1995) with the data from the new collections such as leaf dimensions and morphology and inflorescence position.

Figures

Fig. 3. Geographical distribution of Hornschuchia cauliflora Maas & Setten, H. citriodora D.M.Johnson, H. leptandra D.M.Johnson and H. lianarum D.M.Johnson. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia; ES = Espírito Santo; MG = Minas Gerais.

Fig. 4. Morphological characters of some species of Hornschuchia Nees. A. H. citriodora D.M.Johnson, branch with flower (J. Kallunki 342, SPF). B–C. H. mediterranea Mello-Silva & D.M.Johnson (W. Thomas 12313, NY). B. Floral bud. C. Flower. D. H. obliqua Maas & Setten, branch with terminal ramified inflorescence (A.M. Carvalho 798, NY). E. H. santosii D.M.Johnson, monocarp (P. Fiaschi 1226, SPF). Drawing by Laura Montserrat.