Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty, 2010

Paula-Souza, Juliana De, Zmarzty, Sue & Pirani, José Rubens, 2010, Anchietea ferrucciae (Violaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Caatinga, Phytotaxa 7, pp. 40-45 : 41-42

Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty , sp. nov. ( fig. 1 , 2 , 3A )

Species nova Anchieteae sellovianae similis, sed floribus minoribus et seminibus basi valde cuneata et alis angustioribus differt.

Type: — BRASIL: Bahia: Abaíra, Catolés, arredores de Catolés, na estrada para Barra, caatinga, 1020 m, 13°17'33,7"S, 41°51'04,9"W, 3 February 2005, J . Paula-Souza, M. S . Ferrucci, J. G . Rando & R . Tsuji 5349 (holotype: SPF!, isotypes: CTES!, ESA!) .

Lianescent shrub, branches glabrous except for the puberulous tips, internodes 3–23 mm. Stipules ca. 1 × 0.5 mm, lanceolate; petiole 2–5 mm, densely pubescent; blade 17–41 × 7–13 mm, lanceolate, oblong to elliptic, apex acute or less frequently obtuse or rounded, margin inconspicuously glandulose-serrate, base acute or less frequently rounded to cordate, adaxial face puberulous, abaxial sparsely puberulous and with black or amber-coloured resiniferous dots or striae, venation eucamptodromous, chartaceous. Flowers unisexual, yellowish, arranged in short 1–few-flowered axillary racemes, sometimes resembling fascicles; bracteoles ca. 0.5 mm, narrowly lanceolate; pedicel 4–14 mm, densely pubescent; sepals subequal, ca. 2 × 0.5 mm, lanceolate, apex acuminate, margin entire, base truncate, densely pubescent; posterior petals 1.5–2.5 × ca. 1 mm, broadly oblong, apex rounded, glabrous; lateral petals 3–5 mm × 1.5–2 mm, oblong, slightly constricted in the middle part, apex rounded, glabrous; anterior petal 7.5–8 mm, spur 3.5–4 × ca. 0.5 mm, slightly curved, blade 3.5–4 × 3.5–4 mm, orbicular to subdeltoid, apex rounded to truncate, frequently slightly emarginate, asymmetric, glabrous; staminate flower: stamen filaments free or fused at the base, up to 0.5 mm long, anthers up to 0.5 mm long, connective appendages ca. 0.3 mm long, whitish, apex truncate to rounded, frequently asymmetric, the two anterior stamens provided with filiform nectariferous appendages 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous; pistillate flower: carpels 4, ovary ca. 1 × 1 mm, glabrous, ovules 5–6/placenta, arranged in 2 longitudinal lines in each carpel, style ca. 0.3 mm long. Fruit a loculicidal, membranaceous capsule, glabrous, each valve 25–36 × 16–20(24) mm, oblanceolate or elliptic, rarely obovate, apex emarginate, base long attenuate or acute. Seeds 7–9 × 4–5 mm including wing, obovate, base cuneate, glabrous, wing ca. 0.5 mm wide, margin toothed.

Etymology: —This new species of Anchietea is named after Dr. Maria Silvia Ferrucci from Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Argentina, a dear friend and brilliant researcher, for her undeniable contribution to botany in Brazil.

Geographical distribution: — Anchietea ferrucciae is only known from the “Caatinga domain”, in the region of Abaíra, Bahia state in Brazil. Even though the Caatingas are in general characterized by a dry deciduous vegetation, the new species occurs especially in non-deciduous formations known as “carrascos” (a closed, tall-shrubby, xerophilous vegetation on quartz sand soils) and on rocky outcrops (map 1).

Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL: Bahia: Abaíra, entre Zulego-Samambaia, carrasco de encosta com solo arenoso com rochas, 13°19'S, 41°52'W, 1150–1200 m, 05 Feb 1994 (fr) , W. Ganev 2964 ( ESA, HUEFS, SPF). Catolés, arredores de Catolés, mata ciliar seca, 13°17'S, 41°51'W, 1000– 1100 m, 24 Dec 1991 (fl) , R. M. Harley et al. 50316 ( K). Barra, próx. do afloramento rochoso, 13°18'S, 41°46'W, 1300 m, 12 Jan 1992 (fr) , R. M. Harley et al. 50760 ( ESA, HUEFS, K, NY, SPF). Estrada de engenho entre Catolés e Abaíra, orla do carrasco, 13°18'S, 41°49'W, 1100 m, 31 Jan 1992 (fr) , J. R. Pirani et al. 51367 ( ESA, HUEFS, K, NY, SPF). Catolés, arredores de Catolés, 13°17'S, 41°51'W, 1000–1200 m, 22 Nov 1991

(fl), V.C. Souza & C . M . Sakuragui 50259 ( HUEFS, K, SPF). Riacho da Cruz , carrasco, 13°18'S, 41°51'W, 1100–1300 m, 03 Mar 1992 (fr), B . Stannard et al. 51721 ( ESA, HUEFS, K, SPF) .

Map 1: Geographical distribution of Anchietea ferrucciae in Bahia State, Brazil.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty, sp. nov. A. habit, B. calyx, C. corolla, D. ovary and pedicel, E. anterior stamen, F. posterior stamen, G. seed. (A based on Stannard H51721 (SPF); B–F based on Souza & Sakuragui 50259 (SPF); G based on Paula-Souza et al. 5349 (SPF). Drawn by Klei Sousa.

FIGURE 2. Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty, sp. nov. A. habit, B. fruit. (all from Paula-Souza et al. 5349). Photos: J. Paula-Souza.

FIGURE 3. Seeds of extra-Andean species of Anchietea (from dried herbarium specimens). A. Anchietea ferrucciae (Paula-Souza et al. 5349), B. A. selloviana (Stehmann & Mendonça s.n. BHCB 20311), C. A. exalata (Paula-Souza & Leite 9596), D. A. pyrifolia (Paula-Souza et al. 8735). Photos: J.Paula-Souza.