STENOPOGONINAE, Hull, 1962

Londt, Jason G. H., 1994, Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 25. A key to the genera of the subfamily Stenopogoninae with new synonymy and descriptions of six new genera, ANNALS OF THE NATAL MUSEUM 35, pp. 71-96 : 72-77

KEY TO GENERA OF AFROTROPICAL STENOPOGONINAE

This key includes a modified version of one published earlier ( Londt 1983). Bracketed numbers after generic names indicate that similarly numbered taxonomic notes follow the key.

I Anatergites setose .........,...................................................................................... 2

Anatergites bare ................................................................................................... 8

2 Antennal segment 3 (first flagellomere) with distinct well-developed style (microsegment) .................................................................................................... 3

Antennal segment 3 tipped with a small pit enclosing a tiny seta, no style present .............................................................................................................................. 7

3 Occiput without macrosetae (weak setae only) ................................................... 4

Occiput with macrosetae (weak setae also) ......................................................... 5

4 Eye:face width ratio <1.1: 1; scape clearly longer than pedicel; d hypandrium <half as long as epandrial lobes (I species - Londt 1983) ....... Dioctobroma Hull

Eye:face width ratio> 1.3: 1; scape and pedicel about equal in length; d hypandrium about as long as epandriallobes (2 species - Londt 1983) ................ Dogonia Oldroyd

5 Propleuron with a few well-developed macrosetae as well as fine setae; d hypandrium very short (about one-quarter length of epandriallobes) (1 species - Londt 1983) ............................................................................ Anasillomos Landt

Propleuron with fine setae only; d hypandrium at least half length of epandrial lobes ..................................................................................................................... 6

6 Facial swelling well-defined in dorsal part; eye:face width ratio> 1.2: 1 (2 species - Londt 1983 1985a) ............................................. Oratostylum Ricardo

Facial swelling not well-defined in dorsal part; eye:face width ratio <1.2: 1 (3 species - Londt 1983) ........................................................... Remotomyia Londt

7 Facial swelling occupying about three-quarters of face and entirely covered with macrosetae and setae; presutural dorsocentral setae well developed; vein M[not strongly arched anteriorly; postmetacoxal membrane covered with long setae (7 species - Londt 1983 1985a) ....................................................... Daspletis Loew

Facial swelling occupying at most half of face and often with macrosetae only on lower half; dorsocentrals present only on posterior half of mesonotum; vein M[usually strongly arched anteriorly; postmetacoxal membrane often asetose (79 species - requires revision) ....................................... Microstylum Loew (1)

8 Anal lobe and alula lacking bordering vein (ie. costa terminates at or before point where anal vein joins wing margin) ........................................................... 9

Costa extends around entire wing margin (ie. borders anal lobe and alula) (weakly in Trichoura ) ........................................................................................ 13

9 Pulvilli minute or absent .................................................................................... 10

Pulvilli well developed ...................................................................................... 12

to Costa extends as far as anal vein ....................................................................... 11

Costa terminates just beyond juncture with R1+3, leaving almost entire hind margin of wing without bordering vein (15 species - new material suggests that a revision is required) ............................................................ Sisyrnodytes Loew

11 Pulvilli present, but highly reduced; empodium present. Base of R4 usually with short, proximally directed, branch. Palpi 2-segmented, well developed. Dorsocentral macrosetae not well differentiated. Small to moderately sized bee-like flies (8 species - requires revision) .................... Acnephalum Macquart (2)

Pulvilli absent; empodium absent. Base of R4 without short, proximally directed, branch. Palpi appear I-segmented, highly reduced. Dorsocentral macrosetae well differentiated. Tiny, not particularly bee-like flies (1 species - Londt 1985c) .............................................................................................. Ammodaimon Londt

12 Postmetacoxal bridge present (8 species - Londt 1993b) ... Rhabdogaster Loew

Postmetacoxal bridge absent (12 species - Londt 1994; requires revision) ........... Afroholopogon Londt (3)

13 Palpi I-segmented """"""""."."" ....""""""".""""""""".""""""""""""""". 14

Palpi 2-segmented "............".............."............"..............".....................,," ...... 16

14 Proboscis with spine-like processes distally; antennal style not clearly differentiated, distal seta subterminal (2 species - Londt 1992a) """"""""""""". Hynirhynchus Lindner

Proboscis of more usual form and lacking distal spine-like processes; antennal style clearly defined and with terminal pit-enclosed seta """"""""""""""""" 15

15 Proboscis shorter than antenna; mystax covering ventral 縠 of face; d mesotarsomeres 4 and 5 with peculiar spade-shaped setae (usually red in colour) (2 species - Londt 1981) """""""""""""."""""""""""""." Habropogon Loew

Proboscis longer than antenna; mystax covering ventral of face; d mesotarsomeres 4 and 5 without spade-shaped setae (3 species - Londt 1990) "". Pycnomerinx Hull

16 Head almost circular in anterior view (ie. face narrow) """""""""""""""""". 17

Head clearly wider than high in anterior view"""""""""""""""""""""".""" 19

17 Prothoracic femur with large, proximoventral, spinose process (ie. strongly raptorial) (30 species - requires revision) """"""""""". Gonioscelis Schiner (4)

Prothoracic femur of more usual form, lacking large, proximoventral, spinose process ............................................................................................................... 18

18 Face somewhat gibbose (swollen) and equipped with strong macrosetae over much of ventral 縠 (8 species - requires revision) """""""""" Stenopogon Loew

Face plane; strong macrosetae confined to ventral j of face (l species - requires revision) """""""""""""""""""""""""."""""""". Rhacolaemus Hermann (5)

19 Proboscis strongly curved, resembling the beak of a parrot (25 species - requires revision) ...........".".......................""." ............."" ....... Ancylorhynchus Berthold

Proboscis of more conventional shape """""""""""".""""".""""""""""""" 20

20 Face strongly projecting ventrally, giving a nose-like appearance in profile (6 species - Londt 1992a)."""""""""""""""""""""""". Lycostommyia Oldroyd

Face not projecting ventrally and of more usual form """"""""""."""""""".21

21 Mystax extending from antennal bases to epistomal margin (ie. entire profile) (except Pedomyia astroptica sp. n. with full mystax, but then with characteristic antennal structure - see Fig. 55 ) """""""""""""""""""""."""""""""""""". 22

Mystax less extensive ......."" ........"."............."" ..............."" .....................""". 26

22 Antenna with compressed, strap-like third segment and terminal 2-segmented style of similar form (2 species - Londt 1981 """"""" Hermannomyia Oldroyd

Antennae of different form."......."" ..............."................,," .................."""" ... 23

23 Large flies, wing> 15 mm long, palpi greatly developed, especially second segment, extending well-beyond epistomal margin; anepimeral bristle absent (l species - Londt 1992c) """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Bana Londt

Small flies, wing <10 mm long, palpi moderately developed, not extending beyond epistomal margin; anepimeral bristle usually present """"""."""""". 24

24 d tenninalia of club-like appearance; epandrium greatly developed, hemispherical; hypandrium greatly reduced (4 species - this paper) ...................... Corymyia gen. n.

d tenninalia of more usual form; epandrium not greatly developed; hypandrium not greatly reduced ............................................................................................ 25

25 d gonocoxite with 2, subequal, pointed, distal processes, the outer one with at most a small tumid dorsodistal projection; mystax well developed, extending to antennal sockets; scutellum with many marginal setae, these usually extending weakly onto the disc (central area usually asetose) (20 species - Londt 1993c) .... Connomyia Londt

d gonocoxite with outer process having a distal or dorsodistal flange-like process; mystax moderately well developed, extending to antennal bases, but usually weak in upper part; scutellum usually with few marginal setae which rarely extend onto disc (9 species - Londt 1993c) .................... Danomyia Londt

26 Anepimeral bristle present; metathoracic empodia laterally compressed and blade-like (3 species - Londt 1992a) ................................. Empodiodes Oldroyd

Anepimeral bristle absent; metathoracic empodia setose, not laterally compressed and blade-like ................................................................................ 27

27 Lower 縠 of face clearly gibbose, upper part of swollen area clearly 摥繩湥搠 ..... 28

Face at most gently gibbose (upper part of swollen area not clearly defined) .. 29

28 Body entirely metallic blue-black; third antennal segment elongate, cylindrical, ca. twice as long as first two segments combined; wing unifonnly blackish (1 species) ...................................................................... Teratopomyia Oldroyd (5)

Body not uniformly metallic blue-black; third antennal segment strongly clubshaped, ca. as long as first two segments combined; wing transparent with dark markings (21 species - Londt 1985b) ....................................... Hypenetes Loew

29 Mystax occupies at most the lower 縠 of face ..................................................... 30

Mystax occupies at least the lower i of face ..................................................... 33

30 Wing cells m3 and cup closed and stalked; d hypandrium highly reduced and largely fused with gonocoxites (6 species - this paper) ........... Trichoura gen. n.

Wing cells m3 and cup open at wing margin; d hypandrium moderately well developed and not fused with gonocoxites ........................................................ 31

31 Epandrial lobes entirely separated, except at base (3 species - this paper) ............ Microphontes gen. n.

Epandriallobes fused for at least basal half of length ....................................... 32

32 Scutellar disc lacking setae; epandrial lobes fused for ca. half of length (3 species - this paper) ................................................................. Macroetra gen. n.

Scutellar disc with few (ca. 4) setae; epandrium with slight posterior indentation (lobes hardly evident, being fused for entire length of epandrium) (2 species - this paper) .............................................................................. Irwinomyia gen. n.

33 Third antennal segment widening toward the middle (in lateral view), apical half appearing strongly incised ventrally ( Fig. 55 ); mystax occupying ca. 縠 face (9 species - this paper) .................................................................. Pedomyia gen. n.

Third antennal segment not widening toward the middle and without strongly incised apical half; mystax occupies ca.! face .................................................. 34

34 d epandrial lobes long, entirely separated or very narrowly joined proximally; hypandrium more or less straight and distally directed (35 species - Landt 1992c) ......................................................................................... Scylaticus Loew

d epandrial lobes short, fused proximally for ca. 縠 their length; hypandrium elongate, ventrally directed with upturned distal region (I species - this paper) ... Agrostomyia gen. n.

Taxonomic notes

1. Microstylum Macquart, 1838 : Eclipsis Bezzi, 1908 and Epiblepharis Bezzi, 1908 , described as full genera, were considered as subgenera of Microstylum by Hull (1962) and Papavero (1973). However, Oldroyd (1980) treated them as separate genera (both monotypic). During preliminary research on the genus, I studied the types of both taxa and believe them to be congeneric with Microstylum . Until a complete review of this genus has been undertaken, I prefer to consider Bezzi's two genera to be subgenera as suggested by Hull (1962). For this reason they are not keyed separately in this paper.

2. Acnephalum Macquart, 1838 : As pointed out by Oldroyd (1974), the genotype is A. olivieri Macquart , the only truly Palaearctic species known. The only other species listed in the Palaearctic catalogue ( A. futile Wulp ) is from Aden ( South Yemen), an area usually included in the Afrotropica1 Region. I have not seen specimens of A. olivieri , so it may not be congeneric with the Afrotropical species.

Sporadothrix Hermann, 1907 : Because of uncertainty about the placement of this monotypic genus ( Hull 1962 treated it under Laphriinae, Oldroyd (1974) under Stichopogonini), 1 borrowed the holotype d of the only species, S. gracilis Hermann. Hull (1962) , who had not seen Hermann's material, said that no details of the wing could be obtained (Hermann failed to mention them); this probably led Oldroyd (1974) to state that the type was a 'completely wingless specimen'. This is not true. While the wings are somewhat twisted and lack much of their posterior parts, both are at least partly present and show, along with other diagnostic features, that the genus is correctly placed in Stenopogoninae . The alulae are complete, demonstrating the absence of a bordering costal vein. This places the genus near Sisyrnodytes , Acnephalum , Ammodaimon, Rhabdogaster and Afroholopogon. In addition, the left wing is complete enough to show that R4 has the short, proximally directed vein characteristic of Acnephalum . The S. gracilis holotype is clearly similar to A. cylindricum Oldroyd (which is represented in NMSA by the holotype 9, and more recently acquired material of both sexes). On these grounds I have decided to synonymise Sporadothrix with Acnephalum (syn. n.). As gracilis is dispecific with cylindricum , and is probably a valid species, Acnephalum gracilis (Hermann, 1907) is a new combination. A. cylindricum , and A. gracilis are exceptional species in that the abdomen is not wide and dorsoventrally compressed, and the genitalia are not partly retracted, as in all other Afrotropical Acnephalum . The possibility exists that future revisionary studies may show these species to be digeneric. If this happens the name Sporadothrix may need resurrecting. To add to the complexity of the situation, Oldroyd (1974) reported on a specimen from Namibia, which he identified as Sporadothrix gracilis , offering a brief description and illustration of the entire insect. The specimen is certainly not an Acnephalum , but may well prove to be congeneric with Ammodaimon , although dispecific with A. acares Londt, 1985 , the only species as yet assigned to this genus.

3. Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 : Recent work revealed that Afrotropical taxa previously placed in Cyrtopogon Loew , Heteropogon Loew and Holopogon Loew do not belong to these valid Holarctic genera ( Londt 1994). Revisionary work is required on the species now combined in Afroholopogon , as this may be a composite genus.

4. Gonioscelis Schiner, 1866 : Oldroyd (1980) lists 28 species; G. francoisi Oldroyd, 1970, was, however, inadvertently excluded. Dasypogon scapularis Macquart, 1838 , has also been transferred to Gonioscelis since the Afrotropical catalogue was published ( Londt 1985d: 48), thus bringing the number of described species to 30. A revision of the genus is required (new material in the Natal Museum suggests there are a number of undescribed species from the Cape Province of South Africa).

5. Rhacolaemus Hermann, 1907 and the monotypic Teratopomyia Oldroyd, 1980 : The taxonomic positions of these genera require clarification as they are very similar to Stenopogon Loew, 1847 , a widespread and variable genus.

Figures

Figs 54-57. Pedomyia gen. n., ♂. 54-55. P. epidema sp. n. paratype (Strandfontein). 54. Head. 55. Antenna. 56. Wing - holotype. 57. P. namibia sp. n. antenna - paratype (28 km W Outjo). Scale lines = I mm.