Acanthaleyrodes styraci Takahashi

Dubey, Anil Kumar, Singh, Sudhir & Martin, Jon H., 2014, Acanthaleyrodes elevatus sp. n. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from India, with key to species and discussion of tuberculate setae, Zootaxa 3881 (1), pp. 33-48 : 41-44

Acanthaleyrodes styraci Takahashi

( Figs 27 –43, 53–55)

Acanthaleyrodes styraci Takahashi, 1942: 173 –174. Holotype on Styrax sp., Thailand, Mt. Sutep, 5.iv.1940. [Described from a single specimen].

Takahashi (1942) provided brief differences between A. styraci and A. callicarpae leaving out most of the finer details of puparia and immatures; hence, this species is re-described.

Puparium. Brown in life, becoming transparent after emergence of adults ( Fig. 53 ); found along with immatures on lower surface of leaves, without secretion of wax, 5–8 puparia per leaf, dimorphic, female 1163–1256 microns long, 860–930 microns wide; male 930–977 microns long, 651–720 microns wide; slightly constricted at thoracic tracheal pore area and broadest at abdominal segments II–III.

Margin: Irregularly crenulate, 9–10 crenulations in 0.1 mm; margin modified into pores at caudal and thoracic tracheal pore opening areas. Anterior and posterior marginal setae present.

Dorsum: Similar to A. callicarpae in distribution of dorsal setae. Submarginal area not separated from the dorsal disc by fold or suture. Submargin with small lines reaching subdorsal wavy lines. Subdorsum with many uninterrupted wavy lines encircling subdorsal tuberculate setae and submedian area. Dorsum with 16 pairs of tuberculate setae (8 pairs each on cephalothorax and abdomen), of these, 13 pairs arranged in a row on subdorsum (7 pairs on cephalothorax and 6 pairs on abdomen). Of the 7 pairs on cephalothorax, the 5th and 6th pair of tuberculate setae placed close together at base on mesothorax. Cephalic, first and eighth abdominal setae also in the form of tuberculate setae. Caudal setae simple and not placed on elevated tubercles. Longitudinal and transverse moulting sutures reaching subdorsal area near wavy lines. Median length of the abdominal segment VII 40 % shorter than the segment VI; median tubercles present on mesothorax, metathorax and abdominal segments I–VII. The median tubercle of abdominal segment VII overlapping pockets. Pockets continuous. Minute tubercles present along the cephalic and abdominal segment sutures and along the bases of subdorsal tuberculate setae. Geminate pores present on submedian and submarginal area, but not visible on wavy lines of subdorsal area. Thoracic tracheal furrows absent. Caudal tracheal furrow present. The distance between posterior end of orifice and caudal pore opening measured in female 144–166 microns long, and in male 119–124 microns long.

Vasiform orifice: Elevated; subcordate; notched at posterior margin, size varies between female and male puparia, female 87–99 microns long, 75–97 microns wide; male 78–85 microns long, 64–66 microns wide. Operculum subcordate; almost covering the orifice, posteriorly truncate, leaving the lingula head exposed, longer than wide, female 48–53 microns long, 43–46 microns wide; male 41–46 microns long, 41–46 microns wide. Lingula head exposed, setose and not extending beyond the posterior end of the orifice.

FIGURES 35–43. Microphotographs, Acanthaleyrodes styraci , Hong Kong. 3rd (Figs 35–41) & 2nd instar (Figs 42 & 43). 35, 3rd instar, dorsal view, digits 1–13 indicating subdorsal tuberculate setae ( Hong Kong). 36, thoracic tracheal pore. 37, thoracic tracheal pore. 38, subdorsal tubercles along the bases of tuberculate setae. 39, vasiform orifice. 40, median tubercles on cephalothoracic and abdominal segments. 41, pro-, meso- and metathoracic legs. 42, 2nd instar, dorsal view. 43, 2nd instar, vasiform orifice.

Venter: A pair of ventral abdominal setae present. Antennae outside of the prolegs, reaching posterior to the base of prothoracic legs, 69–91 microns long (including keel, 9-11 microns long). Stipples invisible in the thoracic and caudal tracheal folds. Microsetae present in the middle of pro-, meso-, and metathoracic legs, approximately 2 microns long. All the spiracles and adhesive sacs present.

Chaetotaxy: Anterior marginal setae 23–30 microns long. Posterior marginal setae 46–53 microns long. Cephalic setae 151–304 microns (elevation 108–278 microns + setae 43–73 microns) long; first abdominal setae 183-250 microns (elevation 183–193 microns + setae 34–57 microns) long; eighth abdominal setae cephalolaterad of vasiform orifice, smaller than the cephalic and first abdominal setae, 95–146 microns (elevation 22–88 microns + setae 58–97 microns) long; caudal setae 62–103 microns long. Subdorsal tuberculate setae up to 360 microns (elevation up to 253 microns+ setae up to 106 microns) long. Paired ventral abdominal setae 53–62 microns long, 50–65 microns apart.

Third instar (Figs 35–41, 54). Elongate; broadest at the first abdominal segment region; 616–721 microns long, 348–465 microns wide. Margin irregularly crenulate, 12–13 crenulations in 0.1 mm. Subdorsum with a row of 13 pairs of tuberculate setae. The wavy lines encircling the subdorsal tuberculate setae absent. Thoracic tracheal pores not indicated or slightly modified into irregular combs. Caudal tracheal pore formed by projected bases of caudal setae. Anterior marginal setae 39–46 microns long; posterior marginal setae 36–40 microns long. Cephalic setae 87–138 microns (elevation 34–65 microns) long; first abdominal setae 85–93 microns (elevation 13–15 microns) long; caudal setae 138 microns long. Subdorsal setae 140–150 microns long. The median length of abdominal segment VII equal to that of VI. Vasiform orifice elevated; subcordate; 55–62 microns long, 25–55 microns wide; operculum subcordate, posteriorly truncate, exposing tip of lingula, 18–35 microns long, 35–39 microns wide. A pair of ventral abdominal setae 32–39 microns long, 35–43 microns apart. The vasiform orifice located 69–85 microns anterior to caudal tracheal pore opening. Legs conical. Antennae hook-like, positioned anterior of prothoracic legs, 23–30 microns (including keel, 9 microns) long.

Second instar (Figs 42 & 43). Elongate; 437 microns long, 241 microns wide. Subdorsum with a row of 12 pairs of tuberculate setae. A pair of minute setae present between 1st and 2nd cephalic subdorsal tuberculate setae, possibly, this pair develops later that accounts for 13 pairs of subdorsal tuberculate setae in the 3rd instar. Median tubercles faintly indicated on cephalothoracic and abdominal segments. Anterior marginal setae present. Posterior marginal setae 30 microns long. Cephalic setae 133 microns (elevation 69 microns + setae 64 microns) long; first abdominal setae 147 microns (elevation 94 microns + setae 53 microns) long and caudal setae simple, 103 microns long. Subdorsal tuberculate setae up to 46 microns (including setae 11 microns) long. Vasiform orifice located 40 microns anterior of caudal pore opening; subcordate; as long as wide, 43 microns long and wide; operculum subcordate, posterior end not truncate, 25 microns long, 30 microns wide. Legs triangular with prominent apical pads. Ventral abdominal setae 18 microns long, 25 microns apart.

Material examined. Hong Kong: Victoria Peak, HK island, 12 puparia on two slides, on Rubus reflexus , 3.iii.1990, J. H. Martin (JHM 5699); Lantau I, gallery forest, near Po To Yan, 500 m alt., 7 puparia on Rubus reflexus , 30.xi.2005, J. H. Martin (JHM 8227); Pok Fu Lam, Reservoir Road at Peak Road, 24 puparia, 24 third instars on five slides, on Rubus reflexus , 12.xii.2001, J. H. Martin (JHM 7563 in AKD).

Host plants. Styrax sp. (Styraceae) ( Takahashi, 1942); Rubus reflexus (Rosaceae) ( Martin & Lau, 2011).

Distribution. Thailand ( Takahashi, 1942); Hong Kong ( Martin & Lau, 2011).

Remarks. The puparia of A. styraci much resemble that of A. callicarpae in having 16 pairs of long tuberculate setae, submarginal area not separated from the dorsal disc, with many parallel wavy lines encircling the case, and median tubercles, but differs by the presence of minute tubercles on submedian area (see key).

Figures

FIGURES 27 – 34. Microphotographs, Acanthaleyrodes styraci, Hong Kong. 27, puparium, dorsal and ventral views. 28, abdominal segments. 29, cephalothorax. 30, thoracic tracheal pore. 31, caudal tracheal pore. 32, median tubercles on abdominal segments. 33, submedian tubercles along bases of tuberculate setae on abdominal area. 34, vasiform orifice.

FIGURES 53 – 55. Microphotographs, Acanthaleyrodes styraci on Rubus reflexus, Hong Kong. 53, puparium, habitus, before and after emergence. 54, third instar. 55, puparium, habitus.