Endecous ubajarensis Zefa

Zefa, Edison, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da, Fontanetti, Carmem S., Gottschalk, Marco Silva, Padilha, Giovanna Boff, Fernandes, Anelise & Martins, Luciano De P., 2014, A new species of Endecous Saussure, 1878 (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) from northeast Brazil with the first X X 0 chromosomal sex system in Gryllidae, Zootaxa 3847 (1), pp. 125-132 : 126-130

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3847.1.7

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1FA8012C-AFDA-412E-ABFF-A3F984886040

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6141646

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587C5-AE3D-FFB1-FF65-1EC6FDEFCD5D

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Endecous ubajarensis Zefa
status

sp. nov.

Endecous ubajarensis Zefa , n. sp.

Type material. Holotype male: BRAZIL, CE[ará], Ubajara, Serra da Ibiapaba, P.[arque] N.[acional] de Ubajara, Cave “Gruta de Ubajara, 12.i.2013, 40 53' 53.617" W, 3 50' 18.848" S. E. Zefa & D. R. Redü leg. / UBA01 ( MZUSP). Holotype condition: hind legs were detached, and maintained in holotype's tube. Paratypes: same data of Holotype, five males (UBA03, UBA04, UBA05, MZUSP, and UBA06, UBA07, INPA), three females (UBA02, UBA08, MZUSP, and UBA09, INPA).

Etymology. Specific epithet refers to the type locality: cave "Gruta de Ubajara", municipality of Ubajara, Parque Nacional de Ubajara (Brazilian Conservation Unit).

Diagnosis. Pseudepiphallic arm short ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ps.Arm); dorsal branch of pseudepiphallic arm acuminate, slightly sinuous and strongly curved inward ( Figs. 12, 14, 15 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ps.db); ventral branch of pseudepiphallic arm flattened and slightly curved inward ( Figs. 12, 14, 15 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ps.vb); Pseudepiphallic sclerite little sclerotized dorsally, reduced to a two inner bars ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ps.ib); digitiform projections in the ectophallic arc ( Figs. 12−13 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ect.mp); karyotype with six pairs of autosomes, all of them metacentric, except pair 3 submetacentric; sex chromosomes X1 and X2 metacentrics (Fig. 22).

Description, male holotype ( Figs. 1 View FIGURES 1 – 2 , 3–11 View FIGURES 3 – 11 ). Body color. Uniformly yellowish brown. Head. Pubescent; vertex, frons and gena uniformly light yellowish brown; short bristles between scapes ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 3 – 11 ); compound eyes black with a small dorsal depigmented spot; ocelli absent; clypeus lighter than labrum; first two maxillary palpomeres smaller than the others, third palpomere as long as fourth, fifth palpomere longer than fourth, arched and dilated on apex; second labial palpomere longer than the first and smaller than the claviform third one ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 3 – 11 ). Thorax. Pronotum, dorsal disc wider than longer, with long bristles on cephalic and caudal margin; lateral lobes rounded, without bristles (Figs. 3,4); Leg I: femur and tibia same size; tibia with an oval auditory tympanum at inner side, and two ventral apical spurs; first tarsomere serrulated twice longer than second and third together; Leg II, same size Leg I, tibia with two inner and two outer apical spurs, dorsal smaller; Leg III, femur dilated; tibia serrulated, three subapical spurs on inner and four on outer side ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 3 – 11 ), the distal one the smaller ( Figs. 9, 11 View FIGURES 3 – 11 , arrow); four apical spurs at inner ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 3 – 11 ) and three at outer ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 3 – 11 ) side of the tibiae, the inner longer than outer; first tarsomere twice longer than second and third ones together, serrulated on distal half, with two apical spurs, the inner longer ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 3 – 11 ); right tegmina well sclerotized, covering the first three abdominal tergites; median fan reduced; harp with four cross-veins, second bifurcated; mirror with two well defined cross-veins, distal bifurcated; apical area reduced; lateral field with poor marked accessory veins ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 3 – 11 ); stridulatory file with 77 teeth. Abdomen. Cerci slender, light yellow; supranal plate rounded at apex, with lateral projections ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 3 – 11 ); subgenital plate with poor marked indentation ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 3 – 11 ). Measurements (mm): body length 17.3; head width 3.04; intra-ocular distance 1.72; pronotum width 4.6; pronotum length 2.9; antenna length 91.6; hind femur length 13.1; hind tibia length 15.2; cerci length 16.67; right tegmina lateral field width 1.56; lateral field length 4.9; dorsal field width 4,16; dorsal field length 5.77; stridulatory file length 2.18; 35.3 teeth/mm.

Observations in Paratypes. Phallic Sclerites ( Figs. 12–15 View FIGURES 12 – 15 ). Pseudepiphallic arm short, bifurcated posteriorly ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ps.Arm); dorsal branch of pseudepiphallic arm curved inward, with apex acuminate, slightly sinuous, and strongly sclerotized ( Figs. 12, 14, 15 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ps.db); ventral branch of pseudepiphallic arm slightly flattened and curved inward, shorter and less sclerotized than dorsal one ( Figs. 12, 14, 15 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ps.vb); Pseudepiphallic sclerite little sclerotized dorsally, reduced to a two inner bars ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ps.ib) from which is projected a membranous shield outward ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ps.ms); pseudepiphallic paramere lentiform, well developed, slightly surpassing apex of the pseudepiphallic arm ( Figs. 12−15 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ps.P); ectophallic sclerite consists of a transversal arc ( Figs. 12−13 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ect.Arc) with two lateral and digitiform bars projected posteriorly ( Figs. 12−13 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ect.lb); each bar is connected posteriorly to pseudepiphallic paramere. From the median region of the ectophallic arc arise two digitiform projections ( Figs. View FIGURES 12 – 15

12−13, Ect.mp), with membranes connected to the posterior region of the endophallic sclerite forming a channel to spermatophore duct; ectophallic apodeme well developed ( Figs. 12−13 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , Ect.Ap); endophallic sclerite well developed and sclerotized in anterior and posterior portions: anterior portion triangle-shaped and folded ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , End.Sc.a), posterior sword shaped ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 12 – 15 , End.Sc.p).

Male Right Tegmina. Distal mirror cross-vein may be uncompleted; four to five harp cross-vein; stridulatory file = 80.7 teeth ± 6.6 (76–90, n = 5).

Female ( Fig. 2 View FIGURES 1 – 2 ). Similar in color to holotype, larger in size; apterous; subgenital plate with median V-shaped indentation ( Fig. 16 View FIGURES 16 – 21 ); supranal plate rounded at apex with two lateral projections ( Fig. 17 View FIGURES 16 – 21 ); ovipositor swordshaped ( Figs. 18–21 View FIGURES 16 – 21 ).

Measurements. Male (mm, n = 5): body length 16.7 ± 0.74 (15.8–17.6); head width 3.3 ± 0.16 (3.1–3.5); intra-ocular distance 1.72 ± 0.04 (1.62–1.88); pronotum width 4.64 ± 0.13 (4.52–4.77); pronotum length 3.08 ± 0.13 (2.93–3.23); antenna length 80.4 ± 8.2 (74.6–86.2, n = 2); hind femur length 14.5 ± 0.57 (13.7–15.1); hind tibia length 16.2 ± 0.64 (15.1–17.2); cerci length 16.9 ± 1.15 (15.7–18.3, n = 4). Right tegmina (mm, n = 4): lateral field width 2.01 ± 0.14 (1.82–2.15); lateral field length 5.78 ± 0.14 (5.66–5.93); dorsal field width 4.25 ± 0.14 (4.1–4.4); dorsal field length 6.3 ± 0.07 (6.2–6.4); stridulatory file length 2.62 ± 0.22 (2.3–2.8); teeth per millimeter 31.01 ± 2.32 (28.1–33). Female (mm, n = 3): body length 22.6 ± 1.48 (21.1–24.1); head width 4.1 ± 0.08 (4.01–4.17); intra-ocular distance 2.19 ± 0.18 (2.1–2.4); pronotum width 5.75 ± 0.11 (5.66–5.88); pronotum length 3.91 ± 0.19 (3.7–4.07); antenna length 96.3 ± 8.5 (90.3–102.3); hind femur length 16.8 ± 0.21 (16.6–17); hind tibia length 18.4 ± 0.35 (18–18.6); ovipositor length 14.8 ± 0.63 (14.2–15.5.

Chromosomes. Diploid chromosome number of 2n = 12 + X1X 2 ♂, and 2n = 12 + X1X1X2X2 ♀; five pairs of metacentric chromosomes, pair 1, ci = 46.6, carrying two heterochromatic bands at q-arm; pair 2, ci = 46.4; pair 4, ci = 44; pair 5, ic = 43.2; pair 6, ic = 43,7; pair 3 submetacentric, ic = 34,6; and sex chromosomes X1 and X2, both metacentrics with ic = 45,4 (Fig. 22).

Habitat. We collected on the same day adults male and female, as well as nymphs at different instars, found in the first two hundred meters inside the cave, an area with artificial light, and tourists access.

Remarks on cytogenetics. During male metaphase I, six pairs of autosomal bivalent chromosomes arrange themselves in the equatorial plate of the cell, while the X1 and X2 sex chromosomes are positioned in one of the cell poles (Fig. 23). After the migration of chromosomes along anaphase I, one of the daughter cells aggregates six autosomal chromosomes, and another six autosomal, as well as the X1 and X2 sex chromosomes (Fig. 24), thus the male representing the heterogametic sex. The diploid number and sex-determining system of E. ubajarensis n. sp. with 2n = 12 + X1X2 0♂/12 + X1X1X2X2 ♀ differs from the other five studied species of Endecous since E. onthophagus (Berg, 1891) ( Cardoso et al. 1984, Mesa & Garcia-Novo 1997; Zefa et al. 2010b) and E. itatibensis FIGURES 22–24. Endecous ubajarensis n. sp. chromosomes. 22—female Karyotype with 2n = 12 + X1X1X2X2; 23—male metaphasis I; 23—male anaphasis I.

MZUSP

Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo

INPA

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia

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