Sesuvium sesuvioides, (Fenzl) Verdc., Kew Bull.

Bohley, Katharina, Winter, Pieter J. D. & Kadereit, Gudrun, 2017, Data from: A revision of Sesuvium (Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae), Data in brief 48 (1), pp. 109071-109071 : 141-144

SESUVIUM SESUVIOIDES (Fenzl) Verdc., Kew Bull. 12 (2): 349. 1957.

Diplochonium sesuoioides Fenzl , Nov. Stirp. Dec. 1: 58. 1839. Halimus sesuoioides (Fenzl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.— TYPE: SOUTH AFRICA. Patria (?), Drège 2938 (holotype: K!, isotype W). Figure 11.

Sesuoium digynum Welw. ex Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 2: 586. 1871.— TYPE: ANGOLA, Mossamedes [Namibe], Welaeitsch 2392 (lectotype: K!, isolectotypes: BM, BR, COI, LISU, designated by Gonçalves (1970)).

Halimum sesuoioides (Fenzl) Hiern var. reduplicatum Welw. ex Hiern, Cat. Afric. Pl. (Hiern) 1(2): 414. 1898.— TYPE: Angola, Mossamedes [Namibe], Welaeitsch 2391 (lectotype: BM; isolectotypes: BR, COI, LISU, K!, designated by Gonçalves (1970)).

Halimum sesuoioides (Fenzl) Hiern var. aeelaeitschii Hiern, Cat. Afric. Pl. (Hiern) 1(2): 414. 1898.— TYPE: ANGOLA, Mossamedes [Namibe], Welaeitsch 2392 (lectotype: BM, isolectotypes: BR, COI, K!, LISU, designated by Gonçalves (1970)).

Sesuoium brachyanthemum Welw. nomen nudum— TYPE: ANGOLA. Mossamedes: near Cabo Negro, between Cazimba and Caroca, Sep 1859, F. M. J. Welaeitsch 2388 (holotype: BM photograph!, isotype: K!, LISU).

Sesuoium hoepfnerianum Schinz var. breoifolium Schinz, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5 App. III: 75. 1897.— TYPE: NAMIBIA, Gariep River, Steingröoer 38 (holotype: Z, isotype: B!).

(Procumbent to) erect perennial herb or shrublet forming patches up to 1.5 m in diam and 40 cm in height; internodes terete and, at least when young, densely covered with bladder cells, sometimes also when older; shoots often much-branched and with a reddish or dark olive to grey color when dry. Leaves usually up to 20 mm long, sometimes longer, petiolate, lamina ovate to obtuse-lanceolate, glabrous or with small globose bladder cells, slightly succulent and flat; often revolute and folded downwards along the midvein ( Fig. 11a). Bracts lanceolate and ∼ 0.9 mm long; one pair. Flowers sessile, erect, 10 mm long, up to 15 mm in diam; tepals narrowly triangular, usually bright pink or red in color, sometimes (light-) blue. Stamens (5–) numerous. Ovary with 2 carpels and 2 long styles ( Fig. 11b). Fruit a many-seeded capsule; egg-shaped when young, becoming tapered with a narrowed and elongated upper half. Seeds rounded reniform, smooth, black and around 1 mm long.

Distribution and Habitat — This species is found in Angola, Cape Verde, Namibia, and the north-western parts of South Africa (Northern Cape Province); see Fig. 12. Used as an ornamental in Saudi Arabia. The plants grow on flats or in depressions with sandy or gravely soil. They can also be found in disturbed habitats, such as seasonally dry riverbeds, along roads or in pastures, and in areas with saline soil. Most often on bare ground with full exposure to the sun.

Note — C 4 species ( Bohley et al. 2015). Until the very similar Sesuoium hydaspicum and S. nyasicum were described in 1965, all specimens that were similar to the plant described above were determined as S. sesuoioides , regardless of seed coat texture. Gonçalves (1965) apparently intended to separate specimens with a distinctly structured seed coat from those with smooth ones. This reduced the distribution area of S. sesuoioides severely. In general, there is high morphological variation (leaf size and shape, number of bladder cells) among some specimens. It may be necessary to further investigate this species and the very similar S. hydaspicum to resolve the relationship between them. Some specimens show almost smooth, very finely rugose or punctate seeds and are otherwise morphologically similar to the smoothseeded S. sesuoioides .

Representative Specimens Examined — ANGOLA. Namibe Region: Namibe, N corner of bay, 15°7′29″S, 12°8′20″E, 18 Jan 2009, P. J. D. Winter 7680 (C, PRE); Namibe, N corner of bay, P. J. D. Winter 7681 (PRE); Iona National Park, Espinheira Camp, 16°47′12.9984″S, 12°21′ 29.9988″E, 21 Jan 2009, L. Smook 12113 (PRE); 25 km W of Caraculo, 15°00′59.0004″S, 12°25′46.9992″E, 18 Jan 2009, P. J. D. Winter 7677 (PRE); Iona National Park, Espinheira Camp, 16°47′13″S, 12°21′30″E, 12 Jan 2009, L. Smook 12113 (PRE); ca. 22 km NE of Namibe, 15°03′54″S, 12°18′ 10″E, 18 Jan 2009, P. J. D. Winter 7683 (PRE).

CAPE VERDE. Boa Vista: N part of island, Preia Derrubada, 24 Sep 1979, W. Lobin 685 (BONN); dunes N of Sal-Rei, 30 Oct 1980, W. Lobin 2054 (BONN). Sal: Ribeira da Palha Verde, at road from airport to St. Maria, 11 Oct 1980, W. Lobin 1783 (BONN); S part of the island, NW of Santa Maria, 04 Jan 1979, W. Lobin CV-318 (BONN). San Tiago: Vicinity of San Jorge, waterd fields in Ribeira Longera, 15 Oct 1980, W. Lobin 1820 (BONN). Sao Vincente: Baia de Calhau, ca. 16°51′38.6424″N, 24°51′ 42.1812″W, 28 Nov 1979, W. Lobin s. n. (B).

NAMIBIA. Central Namib Desert, Lower Kuiseb Delta, 23°06′S, 14°31′E, 12 May 1985, C. J. & J. D. Ward 134 (PRE); 30 May 1976, M. K. Dinter s. n. (B); 11 Apr 1922, M. K. Dinter 6281 (B); 17. Oct 1922, M. K. Dinter 4114 (B); Skimbergs Quelle, 28°38′S, 18°38′E, 31 Dec 1923, M. K. Dinter 5145 (B, PRE); Kahanstal, 09 Dec 1934, M. K. Dinter 8190 (B); inner margin of the Namib near Okawango, 31 Mar 1956, R. Seydel (?) 749 (B, Z); Oprurumu (?), 24 Apr 1957, R. Seydel (?) 1105 (Z). Erongo: Karibib, Farm Okongawa, ca. 21°55′16.4280″S, 15°50′48.6024″E, 14 Apr 1963, R. Seydel 3482 (WAG); Brandberg, ca. 21°07′S, 014°33′E, Lubenberg 4977 (B); Brandberg, 21°08′S, 14°38′E, May 1936, G. Boss TRV 36053 (PRE); Brandberg, 21°08′S, 14°38′E, May 1936, G. Boss TRV 36190 (PRE); Brandberg, 21°08′S, 14°38′E, May 1949, L. C. C. Liebenberg 4977 (PRE); Uis, Brandberg-Sonuseb gorge, 21°07′S, 14°37′E, 06 Apr 1985, P. Craoen 2164 (PRE); Unjabmund Distr., dried out waterholes in Koichab River, 20°23′S, 13°38′E, 17 Apr 1946, J. W. H. Giess 8039 (PRE); ca. 30 km from N gate of Sceleton Coast National Park on road to Khorxas, ca. 20°14′ 58.9992″S, 14°00′56.0016″E, 03 Mar 1996, P. M. Burgoyne & N. Snoae 5162 (MO, PRE); Omaruru, Brandberg, 8 km S of Tsisabschlucht, 21°08′S, 14°38′E, 20 Jun 1961, J. W. H. Giess 3685 (PRE); road from Fransfontein to Omaruru 27 km before the bridge over Ugab, 06 Apr 1963, H.-D. Ihlendfeldt et al. 3251 (PRE); E of Uis, road to Omaruru, ca. 21°14′04.3980″S, 14°56′15.1692″E, 16 May 1976, Olioer et al. 6699 (MO, PRE, WAG, Z); Khan Mine, 55 km E of Swakopmund next to dam & in run-off below dam, 22°23′S, 14°53′E, 04 Jan 1970, H. F. Glen 150 (PRE); Swakopmund Distr., Rossing, 22°38′S, 14°53′E, May 1956, E. Jensen 6 (PRE); Swakopmund Distr., Kuiseb River, N of Kuiseb River, Jul 1963, E. Schulze PRE 54251 (PRE); Namib, Swakopmund, Gobabeb Res Sta, 09 Oct 1963, C. Koch PRE 54252 (PRE); Gobabeb, 14.4 km NW of Gobabeb in dry wash, 23°30′S, 14°07′E, 05 Jun 1969, M. K. Jensen 244 (PRE); Swartbank Mt., Kuiseb, 22°53′S, 16°38′E, 24 Mar 1963, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt et al. 3137 (PRE); Namibwoestynpark, Kuiseb River, E of Gobabeb, 23°38′S, 15°08′E, Jul 1977, G. K. Theron 3734 (PRE); road from Swakopmund to Hentiesbaai, ca. 30.5 km, 22°23′S, 14°23′E, 16 Mar 1963, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt et al. 3069 (PRE); Welwitschia Distr., Unjab River mouth, 19 km N of Torra Bay, 20°08′S, 13°08′E, 03 Apr 1963, D. S. Hardy & B. De Winter 1487 (PRE). Hardap Region: Rehohoth District, ca. 23°18′51.4188″S, 17°09′38.7684″E, 04 Sep 1949, R. G. Strey 2329I (MO); between Rehoboth and Uhlenhorst, ca. 23°25′10″S, 17°39′19″E, 29 Apr 1949, A. M. Wilman 455 (BOL, NBG), Plattsand, 28 Apr 1947, R. G. Strey 2192 (BOL, PRE), 45 km from Rehoboth on road to Kalkrand, ca. 23°41′41.4060″S, 17°13′ 55.4016″E, 10 Mar 1983, G. Germishuizen 2737 (C, PRE); Gibeon Distr., Haribes Farm, 05 Apr 1956, O. H. Volk 12198 (MO); Altdorn Farm, 17 Jun 1976, W. Giess & M. Müller 14452 (WAG); dry waterhole in Koichab, ca. 26°17′45.4344″S, 15°31′50.2824″E, 17 Apr 1964, W. Giess 8039 (WAG); between Maltahöhe and Walvis Bay; 10 km N of Maltahöhe, open shrub-veld, 24°42.124′S, 16°53.742′E, 11 Mar 1995, P. M. Burgoyne 3448 (PRE); Rehoboth District, 09 Apr 1949, R. G. Strey 01–29 (PRE); between Rehoboth and Uhlenhorst, 29 Apr 1949, A. M. Wilman 455 (PRE). || Karas Region: Lüderitz-Süd, N from Kuiseb, 26°43′59.9988″S, 15°45′ 00.00″E, 25 Mar 1988, Hartmann et al. 26029 (HBG); Lüderitz-Süd, Tsaukaib, ca. 26°40′59.9988″S, 15°39′00.00″E, 25 Mar 1988, Hartmann et al. 26049 (HBG), near Vioolsdrif, Danimub River, ca. 28°45′16.8444″S, 17°37′24.7872″E, 04 Sep 2001, P. Bruyus 8876 (BOL); 15.9 km from Ariamsvlei on road to Charlies Puts, 17 May 1965, B. de Winter 3577B (NBG, PRE); 35 km W from Aus on road to Lüderitz, ca. 26°34′05.3292″ S, 15°47′50.2368″E, 05 Mar 1963, B. de Winter & D. S. Hardy 7876 (PRE, WAG); Gamkabrivier, Aussenkehr War 147 F, 28°23′S, 17°23′E, 03 Dec 1973, M. A. N. Müller 18 (PRE); area Garub-Aus, 24 Oct 1922, M. K. Dinter 4151 (B, C); ca. 20 km from |Ai-|Ais, on road to Fish River Canyon, 27°53′S, 17°38′E, 30 Jul 1986, H. Joffe 86 (PRE); Southern Namib, Diamons Area No. 1, Klinghardt Mountain, amongst arid scrub, steep slope, 27°08′S, 15°53′E, 20 Apr 1988, C. J. Ward & M. K. Seely 10222 (PRE); Rosh Pinah, Lorelei Mine, 27°53′S, 16°53′E, 08 Aug 1978, D. S. Hardy & S. Venter 5001 (PRE); |Ai-|Ais Nature Reserve, wash N of Stromberg, along Jan Haak Road, 28°09′45″S, 17°13′02″E, 18 Feb 1999, L. W. Poaerie LWP 1147 (PRE); Altdorn War 3 Farm, 27°53′S, 17°38′E, 17 Jun 1976, J. W. H. Giess & M. A. N. Müller 14452 (PRE); Koppie SW of Rotkop Station, next to power-line track, 26°38′S, 16°23′E, 23 Oct 1987, H. H. Kolberg & G. L. Maggs 209 (PRE); Orange River bank, Octha Diamond Mine, 28°08′S, 16°53′E, 28 Oct 1974, R. Watmough 886 (PRE). Khomas Region: 5.6 km N of Ohopoho, 29 Mar 1957, B. De Winter & O. A. Leistner 5258 (PRE, Z); 37 km W of Orowanjai on road to Orupembe, 05 Feb 1975, B. De Winter & O. A. Leistner 5651 (B, PRE); Sarasas, 10 Jun 1951, H. Hall 404 (NBG). Kunene Region: Kaokoveld, Kaoko Otavi, 18°23′S, 13°38′E, 04 Jun 1951, H. Hall 363 (PRE); Kaokoveld, Outjo Distr., Hazeldene Farm Karos Block, 18 Mar 1957, B. de Winter & O. A. Leistner 5111 (PRE); Damaraland, Jan 1907, E. E. Galpin & H. H. W. Pearson 7676 (PRE); 10 km NW of Cape Fria, 18°08′S, 11°53′E, 17 Apr 1985, Moss & Jacobsen K301 (PRE); Kaokoveld, Skeleton Coast, Angra Fria, 17°30′S, 11°07′E, 20 Jul 1969, H. G. Goyns 68 (PRE); Damaraland, Jan 1907, E. E. Galpin & H. H. Pearson 7592 (PRE); Namib Desert Park, Hotsas, 23°08′S, 15°38′E, 28 Apr 1976, M. A. N. Müller 227 (PRE). Ohangwena Region: Omundjulu, near a kraal NW of Engela, 07 Mar 1973, R. J. Rodin 9032 (MO, PRE); Omundjulu, 1 km S of Oshikango, 17°24′45.5220″S, 15°53′ 07.0296″E, 04 Apr 1973, R. J. Rodin 9208 (MO, PRE); Omundjulu, a bit W of Oshikango, 17°23′27.6828″S, 15°52′58.3788″E, 04 May 1973, R. J. Rodin 9392 (MO, PRE). Oshana Region: Etosha Pan National Park, Nuamses Waterval, 19°08′S, 16°38′E, 08 Mar 1976, J. W. H. Giess & B. Loutit 14178 (PRE). Otjozondjupa Region: Klein Dobe Waterhole, 31 Dec 1984, C. J. H. Hines 250 (BOL); Grootfontein, 4.8 km N of Namutoni, Etosha Pan, ca. 18°45′18.6696″S, 16°57′06.2388″E; 29 Mar 1955, B. de Winter 2986 (NBG, PRE).

SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape: Richtersveld, Namaqualand, Orange River valley, 25 Aug 1982, G. Williamson 3139 (BOL), Little Namaqualand, Anis, ca. 32°01′02.6112″S, 19°15′36.6660″E, Sep–Oct 1926, N. S. Pillans 50/ 3 (BOL), Little Namaqualand, river bed N of Anis, Sep–Oct 1926, N. S. Pllans 53/7 (BOL); island in the Orange River across from Richtersberg, 28°14′39.0912″S, 17°12′35.9136″E, 16 Apr 1986, Van Jaarsoeld & Jacobs 8493 (NBG); Richtersveld, Modderdrift Hellskloof South, 28°47′36.7368″S, 17°29′10.0140″E, 11 Sep 1998, P. Chesselet 377 (NBG), Richtersveld, Tallas Mountains, 02 Oct 1930, H. Herre 11882 (NBG); Orange River, de Hoop, banks of Orange River, around old mining camp amongst rocks, 28°08′S, 17°08′E, 08 Jul 1987, D. J. McDonald 1324 (PRE); Kalahari, 49 km from Bloemfontein Farm on road to Noenieput, 27°33′31″S, 20°10′ 53″E, 12 Aug 2000, J. J. Meyer 2917 (PRE); Gannallon River, flats SE of Clarm Peak, 28°23′S, 17°08′E, 29 Aug 1979, Anonymus s. n. (PRE); Namaqualand Distr., Richtersveld, Rooiberg Conservancy area ca. 30.6 km N of Eksteenfont, 28°32′43.58″S, 17°15′26.41″E, 09 Aug 2011, S. P. Bester 10683 (KSAN, PRE); Namaqualand, Richtersveld Nat. Park, Maerhoek, 28°08′S, 17°08′E, 30 Jul 1998, P. C. Zietsman 3646 (PRE); Vioolsdrift, just outside Vioolsdrif, 28°53′S, 17°38′E, 15 Aug 1967, H. P. oan der Schijff 8209 (PRE).