fruiting

Araújo, Diogo & Alves, Marccus, 2010, Climbing plants of a fragmented area of lowland Atlantic Forest, Igarassu, Pernambuco (northeastern Brazil), Phytotaxa 8, pp. 1-24 : 12-15

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.8.1.1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5579369

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C3CA40-871E-FFC7-97A8-FD90B9D01A8C

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

fruiting
status

 

Key to the identification of the climbing plants of Igarassu based on fruiting material

1. Tendrils present, but not associated with the inflorescence.......................................................................................... 2

1. Tendrils absent, or where present just a simple branch .............................................................................................. 34

2. Leaves opposite............................................................................................................................................................. 3

2. Leaves alternate ............................................................................................................................................................ 6

3. Leaves simple ................................................................................................................................ Strychnos parviflora View in CoL

3. Leaves compound ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

4. Leaflets bearing two dark glands at their base, branches of the inflorescence flattened in cross-section ...................... ............................................................................................................................................. Phryganocydia corymbosa View in CoL

4. Leaflets without dark glands, branches of the inflorescence cylindrical in cross-section ............................................ 5

5. Fruits oblongoid, seeds not winged ................................................................................... Adenocalymma hypostictum View in CoL

5. Frutis elongated, seeds winged .............................................................................................................. Lundia cordata View in CoL

6. Leaves simple or 1-foliolate compound........................................................................................................................ 7

6. Leaves compound and with more than one foliole..................................................................................................... 26

7. Tendrils hook-like ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

7. Tendrils twining ............................................................................................................................................................ 9

8. Basal third of the leaflet connate; fruit indehiscent ..................................................................... Phanera trichosepala View in CoL

8. Basal two-thirds of the leaflets connate; fruit dehiscent .................................................................. Phanera outimouta View in CoL

9. Tendrils axillary to the leaves ..................................................................................................................................... 10

9. Tendril not axillary to the leaves................................................................................................................................. 19

10. Fruits winged, grouped in short (<20cm) racemes ............................................................................... Gouania virgata

10. Fruits berries, solitary, in pairs or long (> 20cm) racemes .......................................................................................... 11

11. Leaves entire ............................................................................................................................................................... 12

11. Leaves 2- or more lobbed ........................................................................................................................................... 14

12. Fruits grouped in racemes up to 1.5 m in length ................................................................................. Passiflora ovalis View in CoL

12. Fruits solitary or in pairs............................................................................................................................................. 13

13. Stem 4-angulate in cross-section; petiole with 2-6 sessile glands ........................................................ Passiflora alata View in CoL

13. Stem cylindrical in cross-section; petiole with 2 stalked glands ..................................................... Passiflora galbana View in CoL

14. Leaves 5-lobbed ............................................................................................................................ Passiflora cincinnata View in CoL

14. Leaves 2- or 3-lobbed ................................................................................................................................................. 15

15. Mature fruits never more than 15mm long ................................................................................................................. 16

15. Mature fruits always more than 15mm long ............................................................................................................... 17

16. Stem hairy, flattened in cross-section ................................................................................................. Passiflora misera View in CoL

16. Stem glabrous, cylindrical in cross-section .................................................................................... Passiflora suberosa View in CoL

17. Petiole with two sessile glands ............................................................................................................ Passiflora edulis View in CoL

17. Petiole with 2-6 stalked glands ................................................................................................................................... 18

18. Apex of the leaves and stipules mucronate ................................................................................. Passiflora watsoniana View in CoL

18. Apex of the leaves and stipules truncate ........................................................................................ Passiflora edmundoi View in CoL

19. Tendrils opposite to the leaves ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ) ........................................................................................... Cissus verticillata View in CoL

19. Tendrils in the leaf sheath, at the basis of the inflorescence, or forming an acute angle with petiole ( Fig. 3B, C, D, F, G View FIGURE 3 ) ................................................................................................................................................................................ 20

20. Tendrils two, in the apex of the leaf sheath ( Fig. 3G View FIGURE 3 ) ....................................................................... Smilax syphilitica View in CoL

20. Tendril solitary, in the leaf’s axils, forming an acute angle with the petiole or at the basis of the inflorescence ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 ) .............................................................................................................................................................................. 21 21. Leaves glabrous .......................................................................................................................................................... 22

21. Leaves hairy................................................................................................................................................................ 23

22. Latex watery; seeds arilate................................................................................................................. Psiguria umbrosa View in CoL

22. Latex absent; seeds without an aril .............................................................................................. Melothria fluminensis View in CoL

23. Mature fruits green or yellow striped ......................................................................................................................... 24

23. Mature entirely yellow to orange................................................................................................................................ 25

24. Petioles to 3 cm long; leaves scabrous on the adaxial surface.......................................................... Gurania spinulosa View in CoL

24. Petioles to 15 cm long; leaves pubescent on the adaxial surface..................................................... Guranis acuminata

25. Mature fruit orange, dehiscent; seeds red .................................................................................... Momordica charantia View in CoL

25. Mature fruit yellow (rarely red), indehiscent; seeds white ................................................................ Cayaponia tayuya View in CoL

26. Tendrils borne opposite to the leaves ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ).......................................................................................... Cissus erosa View in CoL

26. Tendrils borne in the axils of the leaves or at the basis of the inflorescence ( Fig. 3B, C, D, F, G View FIGURE 3 )............................ 27

27. Fruits fleshy ................................................................................................................................................................ 28

27. Fruits dry..................................................................................................................................................................... 32

28. Leaves with 2 or 3 foliolules....................................................................................................................................... 29

28. Leaves with more than 3-foliolules ............................................................................................................................ 30

29. Plants glabrous; fruits solitary ........................................................................................................... Psiguria triphylla View in CoL

29. Plants pubscent to scrabous; fruit borne in racemes ..................................................................... Gurania bignoniacea View in CoL

30. Fruits without wings ........................................................................................................................... Paullinia pinnata View in CoL

30. Fruit 3-winged............................................................................................................................................................. 31

31. Leaf margin entire; wings of the fruit obovate, apiculate................................................................ Paullinia racemosa View in CoL

31. Leaf margin dentate; wings of the fruit elliptical, not apiculate ........................................................ Paullinia trigonia View in CoL

32. Stem flattened in cross-section; leaves pinnate ........................................................................ Machaerium aculeatum

32. Stem cylindrical in cross-section; leaves 3-foliolate or ternate .................................................................................. 33

33. Fruit divided into three oblong-winged samaras ....................................................................... Serjania subinpunctata

33. Fruit divided into three ovate-winged samaras............................................................................ Serjania salzmaniana

34. Leaves opposite or verticillate .................................................................................................................................... 35

34. Leaves alternate .......................................................................................................................................................... 48

35. Stipules borne between the petioles........................................................................................................ Sabicea grisea View in CoL

35. Stipules not borne between the petioles...................................................................................................................... 36

36. Plants hairy ................................................................................................................................................................. 37

36. Plants glabrous............................................................................................................................................................ 42

37. Latex present............................................................................................................................................................... 38

37. Latex absent ................................................................................................................................................................ 40

38. Glands absent from the leaf limb ................................................................................................. Temnadenia odorifera View in CoL

38. Glands present on the leaf limb .................................................................................................................................. 39

39. Leaves scabrous, glands 2-6, distributed along the midvein ............................................................ Mandevilla scabra View in CoL

39. Leaves not scabrous, glands 2-6 grouped at the base of the midvein ................................................ Matelea maritima View in CoL

40. Leaf covered with long fine hairs; fruit divided into 3 samaras ........................................... Stigymaphyllon blanchetii

40. Leaf covered with short thick hairs............................................................................................................................. 50

41. Fruit a 3-valved capsule; seeds winged .................................................................................... Prionostemma asperum

41. Fruits grouped into a capitate compound infrutescence ...................................................................... Mikania obovata View in CoL

42. Fruit winged ................................................................................................................................................................ 43

42. Fruit not winged.......................................................................................................................................................... 45

43. Wings less than three times the length of the fruit.................................................................... Niendenzuela acutifolia

43. Wings as long as or longer than three times the length of the fruit ............................................................................ 44

44. Wings oblong-falcate ( Fig. 2J View FIGURE 2 ) ................................................................................................ Heteropterys nordestina View in CoL

44. Wings asymmetrically obovate ( Fig. 2I View FIGURE 2 ) ................................................................................. Stigmaphyllon salzmanii

45. Stigma feather-like................................................................................................................................. Clematis dioica View in CoL

45. Stigma not feather-like................................................................................................................................................ 46

46. Fruit a 3-carpelar capsule; seeds winged .................................................................................... Hippocratea vollubilis

46. Fruit a berry or a 2-carpelar capsule; seeds not winged ............................................................................................. 47

47. Fruit a capsule, 2-carpelar................................................................................................................... Thunbergia alata View in CoL

47. Fruit a berry ............................................................................................................................ Mendoncia blanchetiana View in CoL

48. Ochrea present ( Fig. 2N View FIGURE 2 ) ............................................................................................................. Coccoloba ochreolata

48. Ohcrea absent.............................................................................................................................................................. 49

49. Leaves compound ....................................................................................................................................................... 50

49. Leaves simple or compound unifoliolate.................................................................................................................... 69

50. Palms. Terminal leaflets reduced, stiff and hook-like ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 )................................................................................. 51 50. Not palms. Terminal leaflets not hook-like, foliaceus ................................................................................................ 52

51. Raphe unarmed, leaflets unarmed or sometimes armed with thorns at the basis of the leaflets; apex of bracts covered in narrow thorns ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ) ..................................................................................................... Desmoncus orthacanthos View in CoL

51. Raphe and abaxial surface of the leaflets armed with stiff and twisted thorns; apex of bracts covered in pustular thorns ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ) ...................................................................................................................... Desmoncus polyacanthos View in CoL

52. Inflorescences opposite to the leaves .......................................................................................................... Cissus erosa View in CoL

52. Inflorescences never opposite to the leaves................................................................................................................ 53

53. Leaves digitate ............................................................................................................................. Merremia macrocalyx View in CoL

53. Leaves with 3 or more leaflets, never digitate ............................................................................................................ 54

54. Prickles or thorns present ................................................................................................................ Senegalia tenuifolia View in CoL

54. Prickles or thorns absent ............................................................................................................................................. 55

55. Calyx persistent, 2-lobed ............................................................................................................................................ 56

55. Calyx persistent, 4 or 5 lobed ..................................................................................................................................... 58

56. Abaxial surface of the leave glabrous ........................................................................................... Canavalia parviflora View in CoL

56. Abaxial surface of the leave glabrescent to pubescent ............................................................................................... 57

57. Calyx lobes of unequal lengths ................................................................................................... Canavalia braziliensis

57. Calyx lobes of equal lengths ............................................................................................................ Canavalia dictyota View in CoL

58. Calyx 5 lobed .............................................................................................................................................................. 58

58. Calyx 4-lobed.............................................................................................................................................................. 66

59. Calyx including a spur ................................................................................................................................................ 60

59. Calyx lacking a spur ................................................................................................................................................... 61

60. Stem cylindrical; calyx lobes unequal in size, the larger lobe twice the length of the calyx tube.................................. ................................................................................................................................................... Centrosema pubescens View in CoL

60. Stem angulate; calyx lobes of equal size ...................................................................................... Centrosema plumieri View in CoL

61. Bracteole caducous; calyx campanulate ..................................................................................................................... 62

61. Bracteole persistent; calyx tubular.............................................................................................................................. 63

62. Stems bearing lenticels, glabrous; leaflets lanceolate; calyx persistent in fruit ............................. Connarus blanchetii View in CoL

62. Stem lacking lenticels, hairy; leaflets ovate; calyx not persistent ............................................. Rynchosia pyramidalis

63. Seeds more than ten per fruit ................................................................................................... Macroptilum prostratum

63. Seeds 4-6 per fruit....................................................................................................................................................... 64

64. Legume obtusely quadrangular; seeds spherical ................................................................................... Clitoria falcata View in CoL

64. Legume oblong to linear ............................................................................................................................................. 65

65. Plants glabrous; bracteoles stiff, adpressed to the rachis ........................................................................... Vigna luteola View in CoL

65. Plants hirsute; bracteoles membranaceous, free ..................................................................................... Vigna vexillata View in CoL

66. Lobes of the calyx of unequal length ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ); fruit with urticating hairs… .................................... Mucuna pruriens View in CoL

66. Lobes of the calyx of equal length; fruit without urticating hairs .............................................................................. 67

67. Plants herbaceous ..................................................................................................................... Centrosema brazilianum

67. Plants woody............................................................................................................................................................... 68

68. Stem hairy; calyx glabrous .................................................................................................................... Dioclea virgata View in CoL

68. Stem glabrous; calyx hairy .................................................................................................................. Dioclea violacea View in CoL

69. Fruits grouped in a flower-like inflorescence ............................................................................................................. 70

69. Fruits borne in racemes, panicles, glomerules or solitary........................................................................................... 73

70. Fruits arranged into a capitate compound inflorescence ....................................................... Cyrtocymura scorpioides View in CoL

70. Fruits protected by two persistent, bright involucral bracts, not arranged into a capitulum ...................................... 71

71. Involucral bracts entire ( Fig 4E View FIGURE 4 ) ....................................................................................... Dalechampia convolvuloides View in CoL

71. Involucral bracts 3-lobed ............................................................................................................................................ 72

72. Stipules linear-subulate; seed rough, dark-brown ( Fig 4F View FIGURE 4 ) ................................................... Dalechampia brasiliensis View in CoL

72. Stipules reniform; seeds smooth, light-brown ( Fig 4F View FIGURE 4 ) .................................................. Dalechampia pernambucensis View in CoL

73. Plant bearing urticating hairs; fruit a 3-lobed capsule; a single seed per locule......................................................... 74

73. Plant not bearing urticating hairs; fruit 3-lobed or not, where 3-lobed more than one seed per locule ..................... 75

74. Leaves 5-veined ..................................................................................................................................... Tragia volubilis View in CoL

74. Leaves 3-veined ................................................................................................................................. Tragia lessertiana View in CoL

75. Fruit solitary................................................................................................................................................................ 76

75. Fruit borne in racemes, panicles or glomerule............................................................................................................ 77

76. Pseudo-stipules reniform ......................................................................................................... Aristolochia brasiliensis View in CoL

76. Pesudo-stipules absent .............................................................................................................. Aristolochia pappillaris

77. Fruit a pod................................................................................................................................................................... 78

77. Fruit not a pod............................................................................................................................................................. 79

78. Apical third of the leaflets connate; bracts linear-lanceolate ....................................................... Phanera trichosepala View in CoL

78. Basal third of the leaflets connate; bracts reniform ......................................................................... Phanera outimouta View in CoL

79. Fruits winged .............................................................................................................................................................. 80

79. Fruits not winged ........................................................................................................................................................ 81

80. Fruits 3-winged; seeds numerous, flattened ................................................................................. Dioscorea marginata View in CoL

80. Fruits 1-winged; one seed per fruit, spherical ............................................................................ Securidaca diversifolia View in CoL

81. Fruits fleshy ................................................................................................................................................................ 82

81. Fruits dry..................................................................................................................................................................... 84

82. Fruits born in a cime, opposite to the leaves ....................................................................................... Cissus verticilata

82. Fruits born in caulinar or terminal racemes ................................................................................................................ 83

83. Leaves peltate; bracts cordate .................................................................................................. Cissampelos glaberrima View in CoL

83. Leaves no peltate; bracts filiform ........................................................................................ Cissampelos andromorpha View in CoL

84. Stems not releasing latex when cut............................................................................................................................. 85

84. Stems releasing white or colourless latex when cut ................................................................................................... 86

85. Sepals persistent, unequal, internal 2 bigger than the external 3, surrounding the fruit ( Fig. 4H View FIGURE 4 ); seeds with a white aril ............................................................................................................................................................ Davila aspera

85. Sepals persistent, equal in size, not surrounding the fruit; seeds without a white aril ............................................... 87

86. Fruits solitary ................................................................................................................................. Operculina altissima

86. Fruits grouped in infrutescences ................................................................................................................................. 88

87. Fruits born in terminal racemes ...................................................................................................... Tetracera breyniana View in CoL

87. Fruits born in axillary or cauliflorous glomerules ....................................................................... Doliocarpus dentatus View in CoL

88. Leaves pinatifid ................................................................................................................................ Ipomoea quamoclit View in CoL

88. Leaves entire to 5-lobed.............................................................................................................................................. 89

89. Leaves sagitate; inner surface of sepals with liguliform appendix ................................................... Ipomoea bahiensis View in CoL

89. Leaves never sagitated; inner surface of sepals without appendix ............................................................................. 90

90. Leaves 3–5-lobed; sepals ............................................................................................................... Ipomoea hederifolia View in CoL

90. Leaves entire; sepals not corniculate .......................................................................................................................... 91

91. Leaves and sepals glabrous......................................................................................................................................... 92

91. Leaves and sepals hairy .............................................................................................................................................. 93

92. Fruits irregulary dehiscent; seeds triangular ................................................................................... Merremia umbelata

92. Fruits regulary dehiscent; seeds with two surfaces flat, one convex .................................................. Ipomoea obscura View in CoL

93. Fruits 4-valved, each valve dividing into two ................................................................ Jacquemontia menispermoides View in CoL

93. Fruits 4-valved, valves not subdividing upon opening............................................................................................... 94

94. Leaves elliptic; hairs golden .......................................................................................................... Bonamia maripoides View in CoL

94. Leaves cordate; hairs white .................................................................................................................... Ipomoea martii View in CoL

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