Clathrina, ANTOFAGASTENSIS AZEVEDO, HAJDU, WILLENZ & KLAUTAU, 2009

Azevedo, Fernanda, Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi, Willenz, Philippe, Hajdu, Eduardo, Hooker, Yuri & Klautau, Michelle, 2015, Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (subclass Calcinea) from the Peruvian coast: morphology, molecules, and biogeography, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (4), pp. 787-817 : 796-798

CLATHRINA ANTOFAGASTENSIS AZEVEDO, HAJDU, WILLENZ & KLAUTAU, 2009 ( FIG. 4 ; TABLE 4)

Citations: Azevedo et al., 2009: 4.

Material examined: Ten specimens. MNRJ 11282 (fragments: RBINSc-IG 32239-POR 11282, CZA 11282 and MHNG 85284 ); Punta Zamora, Samanco Bay, Chimbote , Ancash Region (09°12′58.10′′S, 78°33′09.90′′W); collected by Ph. Willenz and Y. Hooker; 4 m depth, 24.ix.2007 . MNRJ 11294 (fragments: RBINSc-IG 32239- POR 11294, CZA 11294, and MHNG 85295 ); north of Colorada Inlet, El Dorado, Chimbote , Ancash Region (09°11′40.80′′S, 78°32′21.00′′W); collected by E. Hajdu; 2 m depth, 24.ix.2007 . MNRJ 11512 (fragments: RBINSc- IG 32239-POR 11512, CZA 11512, and MHNG 85507 ); San Lorenzo Island site 2, Callao, Callao Region (12°04′01.44′′S, 77°13′44.95′′W); collected by Y. Hooker and Ph. Willenz; 4 m depth; 27.x.2007 . MNRJ 12825 ; Vieja Island, Independence Bay, Paracas National Reserve , Ica Region (14°17′23.10′′S, 76°10′28.40′′W); collected by Y. Hooker, Ph. Willenz, and F. Azevedo; 7 m depth, 09.xii.2008 . MNRJ 12835 (fragments: RBINSc- IG 32240-POR 12835, CZA 12835, and MHNG 85668 ); Santa Rosa Island site 2, Independence Bay, Paracas National Reserve , Ica Region (14°19′11.30′′S, 76°09′30.10′′W); collected by Y. Hooker, F. Azevedo, and B. Cóndor-Luján; 10 m depth; 10.xii.2008 . MNRJ 13125 (fragment: RBINSc-IG 32240- POR 13125); Chilca Island, Pucusana , Lima Region (12°28′19.10′′S, 0.76°47′54.10′′W); collected by E. Hajdu, G. Lôbo- Hajdu, and F. Azevedo; 7 m depth; 28.xi.2008 . MNRJ 13131 (fragment: RBINSc-IG 32240- POR 13131); Las Tres Hermanas , San Juan de Marcona, Ica Region (15°26′32.40′′S, 75°04′14.70′′W); collected by F. Azevedo, G. Lôbo-Hajdu, and E. Hajdu; intertidal; 01.xii.2008 . MNRJ 13148 (fragment: RBINSc-IG 32240- POR 13148) , MNRJ 16783 ; Lagunillas Beach, Paracas National Reserve , Ica Region (13°53′44.68′′S, 76°18′55.23′′W); collected by E. Hajdu, G. Lôbo-Hajdu, and F. Azevedo; intertidal; 05.xii.2008 . MNRJ 13674 (fragments: RBINSc- IG 32241-POR 13674, CZA 13674, and MHNG 85912 ); Sechura Bay site 6, ′ Puerto Rico′ , Piura Region (05°46′49.70′′S, 81°04′04.70′′W); collected by Y. Hooker, M. Rios, and Ph. Willenz; 8 m depth; 09.xii.2009 .

Type locality: Peninsula Mejillones , Antofagasta, Chile .

Colour: White in life and light beige in ethanol.

Description: Sponge varying from thin to thick encrusting or massive (1.5 × 1.0 × 0.2 cm) ( Fig. 4A–C ). Consistency is compressible. Cormus is formed by irregular and tightly anastomosed tubes (0.3−0.5 mm). Watercollecting tubes are present. Granular cells were not observed. Aquiferous system is asconoid.

Skeleton: Without any special organization and composed of two size categories of triactines ( Fig. 4D ).

Spicules ( Table 4):

1. Triactines I (large): Regular (equiangular and equiradiate). Actines are conical, straight, or slightly undulated with blunt tips ( Fig. 4E ).

2. Triactines II (small): Regular (equiangular and equiradiate). Actines are conical, straight, with blunt or sharp tips ( Fig. 4F ).

Reproduction: Buds were observed at the surface of the specimen MNRJ 13148 in December 2008 and several oocytes were observed inside tubes of the specimen MNRJ 11282 in September 2007.

Ecology: Lives in habitats with moderate to high amounts of sediment, predominantly underneath boulders, protected from sunlight. Some individuals were found growing on gastropod shells and others were near polychaete reefs. Ascidians, brachiopods ( Discinisca lamellosa ), bryozoans, hydroids, and polychaetes (e.g. Phragmatopoma sp. and serpulids) were observed near C. antofagastensis . Demosponges (aff. Halichondriidae ) and other calcareans ( Leucosolenia sp. and Grantia sp. ) were also present. Individuals collected in the intertidal zone were found near barnacles and chitons. Microcrustaceans with eggs and small ophiuroids were found associated with specimen MNRJ 13125. Known bathymetric distribution extends from the intertidal to 10 m depth.

Geographical distribution: North coast of Chile (23°S) and along the Peruvian coast (from 5°, 9°, 12°, 13°, and 15°S ( Fig. 4G ).

Remarks: Clathrina antofagastensis was originally described from and considered provisionally endemic to the north coast of Chile. Its known distribution has now been extended to the north, along the Peruvian littoral. The presence of water-collecting tubes was not observed in the type material; therefore, it was not mentioned in the original description ( Azevedo et al., 2009). The in vivo photos taken of the Peruvian samples allowed verification of the presence of this structure. In order to confirm the identification, a DNA sequence of the holotype was included in our tree, together with three Peruvian specimens morphologically similar to C. antofagastensis . These specimens grouped with the holotype of C. antofagastensis with 100% bootstrap support and only 0.5% divergence. In the present work, C. antofagastensis was the most abundant species, with the largest geographical extension, found in nine localities along the Peruvian coast.

CLATHRINA AUREA SOLÉ- CAVA, KLAUTAU,

Figures

Figure 4. Clathrina antofagastensis (MNRJ 13148). A, live specimen; B, specimen in ethanol; C, cormus anastomosis (cross section); D, spicules in the wall of a tube (tangential section); E, triactine I; F, triactine II; G, distribution map along Peruvian coast.