Urupelma sanctitheresae, Kaderka, Lüddecke, Rezac, Rezacova and Hüsser, 2023

Radan Kaderka, Tim Lüddecke, Milan Řezáč, Veronika Řezáčová & Martin Hüsser, 2023, Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Journal of Natural History 57 (41 - 44), pp. 1710-1824 : 1739-1747

Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n.

( Figures 10– 12 , 13E–H , 14 , 15 , 24A–D , 78C ; Tables 6 , 7 , 24 )

Types

Male holotype ( MUSM-ENT 0513021 ) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa Teresa , 1876 m a .s .l., 9 .X .2018, R. Kaderka col .; female paratype ( MUSM-ENT 0513022 ) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa Teresa , 1932 m a .s .l., 9 .X .2018, R. Kaderka col.

Etymology

The specific name is derived from the name of the type locality near Santa Teresa , Cusco province, Peru .

Diagnosis

Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n. differs from U. ashaninka sp. n., U. johannae sp. n., U. atarraz sp. n. and U. megantonianum sp. n. in the absence of urticating setae of type IV (only type III are present).

The males of U. sanctitheresae sp. n. differ from all congeners in the presence of short and stout embolus with well-developed PI and developed R keel, PS keel is bipartite with separate tegular and embolar part ( Figure 13E–H ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on male tibia I, basally fused, both with short spine. Palpal tibia retrolaterally without a cluster of short spiniform setae, the retrolateral process is absent. Males of U. sanctitheresae sp. n. differ from U. veronicae sp. n. and U. dianae sp. n. in having R keel developed and less developed TP in palpal bulb (weakly developed R keel and the presence of well-developed TP in palpal bulbs of U. veronicae sp. n. and U. dianae sp. n.). Tegulum of palpal bulb in U. sanctitheresae sp. n. is not as pronounced in comparison with that of U. peruvianum comb. n.

Distribution

Known from the type locality in Peru, Cusco Department, La Convención province: Santa Teresa ( Figures 15 , 76 , 77 ) .

MALE (MUSM-ENT 0513021): ( Figures 10– 12 , 13E–H ) Total length: 20.38, carapace length 8.45, width 7.33, chelicerae with 10 teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 11C ) AME 0.33 (circular), ALE 0.37 (oval), PME 0.29 (oval), PLE 0.34 (oval), AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.49, PME-PLE 0.04, ALE-PLE 0.13, AME-PME 0.04, OQ length 0.74, width 1.30. Ocular tubercle length 0.99, width 1.30, clypeus narrow, 0.07 wide. Fovea transverse, deep, procurved, width 1.69, 5.08 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.22,width 1.52, anterior third with 59 cuspules, maxillae with 161–173 cuspules in basal half ( Figure 11D ). Maxillae without short spiniform setae. Labiosternal sigilla are joined. Sternum length 4.32, width 3.56, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.36, 0.51 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.20, 0.26 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.14, 0.29 from edge of sternum). Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. Incrassate leg segments: slightly incrassate femur III. Maxillary and trochanteral stridulatory bristles absent.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 60%, metatarsi II 60%, metatarsi III 30%, metatarsi IV 15% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I–II divided by a line of longitudinal setae, tarsal scopulae III divided by a narrow longitudinal band of setae, tarsal scopulae IV divided by a wide longitudinal band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on right leg (prolateral/ retrolateral row): I 4/4, II 4/4, III 3/4, IV 4/4. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent.

Spination: femora I p 0-1-4, II p 0-1-2, III d 0-2-2, IV d 0-0-2 and femora of palps d 0-0-1; patellae I 0, II p 0-1-0, III p 0-1-0, IV p 0-1-0 and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I p 0-0-1, r 1-2-1, II v 2-1-1-3 (apical), p 1-1-0, III v 1-1-3 (apical), p 2-2-0, r 1-1-1, IV v 2-1-3 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 1- 0-1 and tibiae of palps p 1-1-0; metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), p 0-1-0, II v 1-1-1 (apical), p 0-1-0, III v 4-2-1-3 (apical), p 1-2-1-1, r 1-1-1, IV v 2-1-2-2 (apical), p 1-2-2, r 1-1-1, tarsi I–IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Palpal organ as in Figure 13E–H , embolus short and stout with four keels, PS, PI, A and R keel, PS keel is transparent and located on tegulum only, PI keel is semi-oval and black. Tegulum with conical basal process. Retrolateral lobe of cymbium covered with short spiniform setae. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia without a palpal process but covered with short spiniform setae ( Figure 12A ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figure 12B ): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with short apical spine, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with single, retrolateral spine reaching the apex, approximately of two-thirds of the length of prolateral apophysis long. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. When flexed, metatarsus I contacts the retrolateral side of retrolateral tibial apophysis.

Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in a central patch. Size of the patch: length 4.17, width 3.36. PLS: length 2.52, basal segment 1.17, middle segment 0.60, apical segment 0.75, all digitiform. PMS: 0.75.

Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: ( Figure 10 ) carapace, coxae, trochantera and chelicerae covered with bronze pubescence, femora dark brown, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown, all leg articles with thin bronze pubescence intermixed with long dark setae. Patellae I, II, palpal patella, tibiae I–IV with two equal longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes without covering setae. Abdomen dark brown intermixed with long rufous setae, except for central pale patch. Ventral view: labium, maxillae, sternum, coxae dark brown, legs dark brown intermixed with long dark setae, abdomen brown intermixed with pale setae. Spinnerets dark brown.

FEMALE (MUSM-ENT 0513022): ( Figures 14 , 24B–D ) Total length: 21.43, carapace length 9.06, width 8.04, chelicerae with 12–14 teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 14C ) AME 0.38 (circular), ALE 0.49 (oval), PME 0.34 (oval), PLE 0.47 (oval), AME-AME 0.18, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.60, PME-PLE 0.08, ALE-PLE 0.16, AME-PME 0.07, OQ length 0.91, width 1.57. Ocular tubercle: length 1.35, width 1.57, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, procurved, width 1.22, 6.52 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.33, width 1.74, anterior half with 45 cuspules, maxillae with 170–175 cuspules in basal half, short spiniform setae in apical half of maxilla absent. Sternum length 4.67, width 4.02, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.52, 0.36 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.31, 0.26 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.22, 0.26 from edge of sternum). Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. All leg segments uniform.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 80%, metatarsi II 60%, metatarsi III 35%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I undivided, tarsal scopulae II divided by a longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi III, IV divided by a longitudinal band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on left leg (prolateral/retrolateral row): I 1/2, II 1/3, III 2/2, IV 2/1. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent.

Spination: femora I, II p 0-0-1, III, IV 0 and femora of palps p 0-0-1, patellae I, II 0, III p 0-0- 1, IV 0 and patellae of palps 0, tibiae I v 0-0-2 (apical), II v 0-1-2 (apical), III v 0-1-3 (apical), p 1-2-0, r 0-1-0, IV v 0-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-0, r 1-1-0 and tibiae of palps v 0-0-3 (apical), metatarsi I v 0-1-1 (apical), II v 1-1-1 (apical), III v 2-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-1, IV v 3-3-1-2 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-0, tarsi I–IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Spermathecae ( Figure 24B–D ): two separated oval seminal receptacles with sub-basal constriction and SBE, which are not fused.

Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in oval central patch. Length of the central patch: 3.30, width 4.17. PLS: length 4.47, basal segment 1.87, middle segment 1.09, apical segment 1.51, all digitiform. PMS: 0.94.

Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: carapace brown, coxae and trochantera brown, chelicerae brown, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown, intermixed with long setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two equal parallel longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Palpal femur and femur I prolaterally bare. Abdomen ( Figure 14E ) covered with short dark brown setae, intermixed with long, pale setae, except the oval central patch which is light brown. Ventral view: maxillae, labium, sternum, coxae, trochantera, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi brown. Abdomen ventrally dark brown ( Figure 14F ). Spinnerets brown.

Variability

The variability in the shape of spermathecae is shown in Figure 24A–D .

Figures

Figure 10. Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513021) from Peru, Cusco, Santa Teresa, habitus of adult male, dorsal view. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 11. Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513021) from Peru, Cusco, Santa Teresa. A. Carapace,dorsal view. B. Sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae, ventral view. C. Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D. Left maxilla and labium, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 12. Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513021) from Peru, Cusco, Santa Teresa. A. Right palpal tibia, retrolateral view, arrows show areas of short spiniform setae. B. Left tibia I, prolaterally ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 13. A–D. Urupelma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916), right palpal bulb of male (MUSM-ENT 0510457) from Peru, Cusco, Santa Teresa. A. Prolateral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Prolaterally posterior view, arrows show subapical tooth on R keel. E–H. Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n., right palpal bulb of male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513021) from Peru, Cusco, Santa Teresa. E. Prolateral view. F. Retrolateral view. G. Ventral view. H. Prolaterally posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 14. Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513022) from Peru, Cusco, Santa Teresa. A. Carapace,dorsal view. B. Sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae, ventral view. C. Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D. Left maxilla and labium, ventral view. E. Abdomen, dorsal view. F. Abdomen, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 15. Natural habitat of Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n. from Peru, Cusco, Santa Teresa. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 24. A–D. Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n., spermathecae with two separated seminal receptacles. A. Female (MUSM-ENT 0513020) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa Teresa. Spermathecae dissected from dried female, ventral view. B. Immature female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513022) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa Teresa. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia, ventral view. C. Immature female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513022) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa Teresa. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia, ventral view. D. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513022) from Peru, Cusco,Convención, Santa Teresa.Spermathecae dissected from specimen in alcohol, dorsal view. E–]. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., spermathecae with two separated or basally joined seminal receptacles. E. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa María. Spermathecae with basally joined seminal receptacles, dissected from exuvia, ventral view. F. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa María. Spermathecae dissected

Figure 76. Distribution map of Urupelma gen. n. from Peru. Prepared by M. Hüsser.

Figure 77. Distribution map of Urupelma spp. from Urubamba River Valley, Cusco, Peru, showing highly diversified populations and so-called ‘high mountain insularisation̍ caused by geographical barriers and restricted gene flow. Red square = Urupelma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916) and Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n. from Santa Teresa, Cusco; white square = Urupelma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916) and Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n. from Santa María, Cusco; yellow square = Urupelma machiguenga sp. n. from Echarati, Cusco; green square = Urupelma veronicae sp. n. from Abra Málaga near Nevado Veronica, Cusco; pink square = Urupelma dianae sp. n. from between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga, Cusco. Scale bar: 10 km. Prepared by R. Kaderka.

Figure 78. Urticating setae types found in single species of Urupelma gen. n. A. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025). B. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., juvenile specimen of female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025) with carapace length 1.9 mm. C. Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513021). D. Urupelma veronicae sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0511154). E. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027). F. Urupelma johannae sp. n., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0514015). Prepared by R. Kaderka.