Urupelma sanctimariae, Kaderka, Lüddecke, Rezac, Rezacova and Hüsser, 2023

Radan Kaderka, Tim Lüddecke, Milan Řezáč, Veronika Řezáčová & Martin Hüsser, 2023, Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Journal of Natural History 57 (41 - 44), pp. 1710-1824 : 1747-1756

Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n.

( Figures 16– 23 , 24E–J , 78A ; Tables 8–10 , 24 )

Types

Male holotype ( MUSM-ENT 0513026 ) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa María , 1286 m a.s.l., 10.X.2018, R. Kaderka col.; male paratype ( MUSM-ENT 0513024 ) and female paratype ( MUSM-ENT 0513025 ), the same data as for the male holotype; female paratype ( MUSM-ENT 0513023 ) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa María , 1213 m a.s.l., 10.X.2018, R. Kaderka col.

Etymology

The specific name is derived from the name of the type locality near Santa María , Cusco province, Peru .

Diagnosis

Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n. differs from U. ashaninka sp. n., U. johannae sp. n., U. atarraz sp. n. and U. megantonianum sp. n. in the absence of urticating setae of type IV (only type III are present).

The males of U. sanctimariae sp. n. differs from all congeners in the presence of short and stout embolus with well-developed PI, developed R and SA keel, PS keel is absent ( Figure 19 ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on male tibia I, basally fused, both with short spine. Palpal tibia retrolaterally with a cluster of short spiniform setae, the retrolateral process is absent. Males of U. sanctimariae sp. n. differ from U. veronicae sp. n. and U. dianae sp. n. in having R keel developed and less developed TP in palpal bulb (weakly developed R keel and the presence of well-developed TP in palpal bulbs of U. veronicae sp. n. and U. dianae sp. n.).

Distribution

Known from the type locality in Peru, Cusco Department, La Convención province: Santa María ( Figures 23 , 76 , 77 ) .

MALE (MUSM-ENT 0513026): ( Figures 16–19 ) Total length: 25.84, carapace length 10.91, width 9.95, chelicerae with 10–11 teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 17C ) AME 0.40 (circular), ALE 0.50 (oval), PME 0.39 (oval), PLE 0.46 (oval), AME-AME 0.16, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.62, PME-PLE 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.14, AME-PME 0.13, OQ length 0.94, width 1.57. Ocular tubercle length 1.35, width 1.57, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, deep, procurved, width 1.12, 7.23 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.51, width 1.93, anterior half with 76 cuspules, maxillae with 254–258 cuspules in basal two-thirds ( Figure 17D ). Maxillae without short spiniform setae. Labiosternal sigilla are joined. Sternum length 5.61, width 4.42, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.53, 0.52 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.30, 0.27 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.21, 0.22 from edge of sternum). Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. Incrassate leg segments: slightly incrassate femur III. Maxillary and trochanteral stridulatory bristles absent.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 90%, metatarsi II 65%, metatarsi III 25%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I–II undivided, tarsal scopulae III divided by a narrow longitudinal band of setae, tarsal scopulae IV divided by a wide longitudinal band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on right leg (prolateral/retrolateral row): I 4/4, II 5/5, III 4/4, IV 4/4. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent.

Spination: femora I d 0-1-3, II p 0-1-2, III p 0-2-2, d 0-1-1, IV p 0-1-2, r 0-1-1 and femora of palps d 0-0-3; patellae I v 0-0-1 (apical), II 0, III p 0-1-0, IV 0 and patellae of palps d 0-0-1; tibiae I v 1-1-2, p 0-1-1, r 1-1-1, II v 2-1-3-3 (apical), p 1-1-0, III v 1-2-1-3 (apical), p 1-0-1, r 1- 1-0, IV v 5-2-3 (apical), p 1-0-1, r 1-1-0, d 1-0-0 and tibiae of palps p 1-2-1; metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), p 0-1-0, r 1-0-0, II v 2-1-1-1 (apical), p 1-1-1, III v 2-2-2-3 (apical), d 1-2-2-2, IV v 3-2- 2-3 (apical), d 2-2-2-2, tarsi I–IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Palpal organ as in Figure 19 , embolus short and stout with four keels, PI, A, SA and R keel, SA keel is transparent and located on tegulum only, PI keel well developed, semi-oval and black, R keel well developed, A keel small and transparent. PS keel is absent but there is SA keel in the position of tegular part of PS keel, distinctly representing a prolongation of A keel. Sperm pore is located between PI and A keel. Tegulum with a low basal subconical process. Retrolateral lobe of cymbium, which is larger than prolateral one, is covered with short spiniform setae. Retrolateral face of tapering palpal tibia without a palpal process but covered with a cluster of short spiniform setae ( Figure 18A ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figure 18B ): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with short apical spine, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with the short retrolateral spine not reaching the apex, approximately two-thirds the length of prolateral apophysis long. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. When flexed, metatarsus I contacts the retrolateral side of retrolateral tibial apophysis.

Abdomen ( Figure 17E, F ): urticating setae of type III are located in a central patch. Size of the patch: length 5.09, width 5.19. PLS: length 4.50, basal segment 1.87, middle segment 1.17, apical segment 1.46, all digitiform. PMS: 1.12.

Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: ( Figure 16 ) carapace, coxae and trochanters covered with light brown pubescence, femora dark brown with violet iridescence, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown. Patellae I, II, palpal patella, tibiae I–IV with two almost equal longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes without covering setae. Abdomen dark brown, anteriorly covered with long black setae, the rest intermixed with long pale setae, except for central pale patch. Ventral view: labium, sternum, maxillae, coxae dark brown, femora dark brown, the rest of legs brown, abdomen light brown intermixed with dark setae, booklungs yellowish brown. Spinnerets dark brown.

FEMALE (MUSM-ENT 0513025): ( Figures 21 , 22 , 24E–J ) Total length: 38.68, carapace length 15.57, width 13.16, chelicerae with 11 teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 22C ) AME 0.49 (circular), ALE 0.59 (oval), PME 0.48 (oval), PLE 0.46 (oval), AME-AME 0.26, AME-ALE 0.16, PME-PME 0.95, PME-PLE 0.04, ALE-PLE 0.21, AME-PME 0.14, OQ length 1.09, width 2.02. Ocular tubercle: length 1.69, width 2.02, clypeus narrow, 0.169 long. Fovea transverse, deep, slightly procurved, width 2.62, 10.27 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 2.26, width 2.85, anterior third with 91 cuspules, maxillae with 239–245 cuspules in basal half and without short spiniform setae in apical half. Sternum length 7.46, width 6.26, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.42, 0.73 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.40, 0.43 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.26, 0.40 from edge of sternum). Sigilla on labiosternal suture joined. Coxa I prolaterally thickly covered with short spiniform setae. Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. All leg segments uniform.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 95%, metatarsi II 65%, metatarsi III 25%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II integral, tarsal scopulae III divided by a longitudinal narrow band of setae, in tarsi IV divided by a wide band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria, with reduced number of trichobothria on retrolateral side of tarsi II, III and IV. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on right legs (prolateral/retrolateral row): I 5/2, II 5/4, III 5/4, IV 4/4. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent.

Spination: femora I d 0-0-1, II p 0-0-1, III d 0-1-2 and IV r 0-0-1 and femora of palps 0, patellae I, II 0, III p 0-1-0, IV 0 and patellae of palps 0, tibiae I v 1-1-1, II v 1-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-0, III v 1-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-0, r 1-1-0, IV v 1-2-1-2 (apical), p 1-0-1, r 1-1-1 and tibiae of palps v 0-0-3 (apical), p 0-1-0, metatarsi I v 2-0-0, II v 1-2-1 (apical), p 0-1-0, III v 4-2-3 (apical), p 1-2-2, r 0-1-1, IV v 3-2-1-3 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-2, tarsi I–IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Spermathecae: ( Figure 24E, F ) two separated oval seminal receptacles with sub-basal constriction, SBE absent.

Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in oval central patch. Length of the central patch: 6.26, width 6.74. PLS: length 6.68, basal segment 2.80, middle segment 1.97, apical segment 1.91, all digitiform. PMS: 1.87.

Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: ( Figure 21 ) carapace brown with bronze setae along left and right edge and also on both sides of ocular tubercle, coxae and trochantera brown, chelicerae brown, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown, intermixed with long, pale setae. Femora dorsally covered with thin rose setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two equal parallel longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Palpal femur partly bare on prolateral side. Femur I prolaterally without spiniform setae in basal half. Abdomen brown ( Figure 22E ) intermixed with long, bronze setae, except for the oval central patch which is light brown. Ventral view: maxillae and labium dark chestnut-coloured, labium, sternum, coxae, trochantera, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi brown. Abdomen ventrally without dark longitudinal band ( Figure 22F ). Spinnerets brown.

Variability

The variability in the shape of spermathecae is shown in Figure 24E–J . In the male paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513024) the lengths of leg segments are shown in Table 9 . In this male paratype we have recorded a similar carapace length (13.00), 10–11 cheliceral teeth, labium with 60 cuspules, maxillae with 189–209 cuspules, and the congruent leg formula (IV> I> II> III).

Remarks

In juvenile specimen of female (MUSM-ENT 0513025), with carapace length 1.898, we sampled urticating setae of intermediate morphology between types III and IV, 0.13–0.16 long. These setae represent ontogenetic precursors of type III, which are present in mature specimens.

Figures

Figure 16. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513026) from Peru, Cusco,Santa María, habitus of adult male, dorsal view. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 17. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513026) from Peru, Cusco,Santa María. A. Carapace, dorsal view. B. Sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae, ventral view. C. Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D. Left maxilla and labium, ventral view. E. Abdomen, dorsal view. F. Abdomen, ventral view. G. Retrolateral branch of paired tarsal claws, prolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 18. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513026) from Peru, Cusco,Santa María. A. Right palpal tibia, retrolateral view, arrows show areas of short spiniform setae. B. Left tibia I, prolaterally ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 19. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513026) from Peru, Cusco,Santa María, morphology of right palpal bulb. A. Prolateral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 20. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., male paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513024) from Peru, Cusco,Santa María, morphology of right palpal bulb. A. Prolateral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 21. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025) from Peru, Cusco, Santa María, habitus of adult female, dorsal view. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 22. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025) from Peru, Cusco, Santa María. A. Carapace, dorsal view. B. Sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae, ventral view. C. Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D. Left maxilla and labium, ventral view. E. Abdomen, dorsal view. F. Abdomen, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 23. Natural habitat of Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n. from Peru, Cusco, Santa María near Urubamba River (October). Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 24. A–D. Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n., spermathecae with two separated seminal receptacles. A. Female (MUSM-ENT 0513020) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa Teresa. Spermathecae dissected from dried female, ventral view. B. Immature female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513022) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa Teresa. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia, ventral view. C. Immature female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513022) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa Teresa. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia, ventral view. D. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513022) from Peru, Cusco,Convención, Santa Teresa.Spermathecae dissected from specimen in alcohol, dorsal view. E–]. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., spermathecae with two separated or basally joined seminal receptacles. E. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa María. Spermathecae with basally joined seminal receptacles, dissected from exuvia, ventral view. F. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Santa María. Spermathecae dissected

Figure 76. Distribution map of Urupelma gen. n. from Peru. Prepared by M. Hüsser.

Figure 77. Distribution map of Urupelma spp. from Urubamba River Valley, Cusco, Peru, showing highly diversified populations and so-called ‘high mountain insularisation̍ caused by geographical barriers and restricted gene flow. Red square = Urupelma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916) and Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n. from Santa Teresa, Cusco; white square = Urupelma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916) and Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n. from Santa María, Cusco; yellow square = Urupelma machiguenga sp. n. from Echarati, Cusco; green square = Urupelma veronicae sp. n. from Abra Málaga near Nevado Veronica, Cusco; pink square = Urupelma dianae sp. n. from between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga, Cusco. Scale bar: 10 km. Prepared by R. Kaderka.

Figure 78. Urticating setae types found in single species of Urupelma gen. n. A. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025). B. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., juvenile specimen of female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025) with carapace length 1.9 mm. C. Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513021). D. Urupelma veronicae sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0511154). E. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027). F. Urupelma johannae sp. n., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0514015). Prepared by R. Kaderka.