Philonthus pallipes, Melsheimer, 1844

Herman, Taphylininae Iochini Aorothiini Thiini Latyprosopini Taphylinini Mblyopinina Nisolinina Yptiomina Hilonthina Lee H., 2001, Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the End of the Second Millennium. V. Staphylinine Group (Part 2) Staphylininae: Diochini, Maorothiini, Othiini, Platyprosopini, Staphylinini (Amblyopinina, Anisolinina, Hyptiomina, Philonthina), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2001 (265), pp. 2441-3020 : 2441-3020

pallipes Melsheimer, 1844 , see: rufipennis Fabricius, 1801 .

palustris Bernhauer, 1916 g: 268 ( Belonuchus ; subgenus Musicoderus ; Type locality: columbische Westcordilleren, Alto de las cruces, am Kamm des Gebirgszuges in 2200 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia.

panamensis Sharp, 1885: 434 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Nicaragua, Chontales; Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba, Tolé ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Panama, Nicaragua.

paradoxipunctatus Bernhauer, 1921c: 171 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Corrientes:

San Roque).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Argentina.

paradoxus Bernhauer, 1906c: 333 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Peru: Pachitea ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Peru.

parcus Bernhauer, 1928 g: 119 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Belg.- Kongo: Stanleyville a Kilo ; Haute-Uele : Moto ; Haute-Uele : Watsa ; Ituri: Madyu).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1971c: 170 ( Belonuchus ; Cameroon).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo, Cameroon.

pectinipes Bernhauer, 1910b: 379 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Mexiko: Cordoba ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

penetrans Silvestri, 1946a: 522 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Brasilia: Campo Grande,

Matto Grosso).

— Seevers, 1957: 318 ( Belonuchus ; doubtfully termitophilous).

- DISTRIBUTION: Brazil.

pexus Motschulsky, 1858 , see: Xanthopygus .

piceolus Bernhauer, 1935c: 90 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Brasilien).

- DISTRIBUTION: Brazil.

picticollis Cameron, 1937: 20 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Java: G. Boerengrang, Preanger , alt. 1600 m; G. Tangkoeban Prahoe, alt. 4000–5000 ft).

- DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia.

pictipennis Sharp, 1885: 436 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Panama, Bugaba ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Panama.

planiceps Erichson, 1840: 425 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Columbia).

— Fauvel, 1891: 118 ( Belonuchus ; Venezuela).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Venezuela.

pollens Sharp, 1885: 431 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: North America ; Mexico, Oaxaca; Guatemala, near the city; Honduras).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Jimenez-Sanchez, Navarrete-Heredia, and Padilla-Ramirez, 2000: 61 ( Belonuchus ; necrophilous species; distribution in Mexico).

- DISTRIBUTION: “North America”, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras.

posticalis Laporte, 1840: 176 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Brésil).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

prasinipennis Bernhauer, 1917c: 18 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Bolivien: Yuracares ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia.

pulchripennis Bernhauer, 1908d: 330 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Peruvia centralis: Montana de Nancho , 7000 ft.).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Peru.

punctiventris Casey, 1915 , see: ephippiatus Say, 1830 .

punctus Schubert, 1911: 32 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Zagnando , Dahomey).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Benin.

purpuripennis Bernhauer, 1916 g: 278 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: West-Columbien: Umgebung von Cali im Caucatal: St. Antonio, 2200 m; Bolivien: Yuracares).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Bolivia.

quadratus Kraatz, 1859: 96 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: India borealis).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Cameron, 1932: 172 ( Belonuchus ; characters; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Cameron, 1937: 19 ( Belonuchus ; Java).

— Scheerpeltz, 1965: 108 ( Belonuchus ; Burma).

- DISTRIBUTION: India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Singapore, Indonesia.

nigripennis Cameron, 1928a: 38 ( Belonuchus ; variety of quadratus ; Type locality: Tonkin. Also cited from Singpore and Celebes).

— Cameron, 1921a: 378, 405 ( Belonuchus ; [Note: Misidentified as mutator according to Cameron, 1928a: 38]; characters; Singapore).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; variety of quadratus ).

quadriceps Fauvel, 1904d: 287 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Usambara : Derema. Zanzibar. Natal).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania, South Africa.

quadrifer Casey, 1915 , see: moquinus Casey, 1885 .

richteri Bernhauer, 1922: 15 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Argentinien: Misiones ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Argentina.

ruficeps Cameron, 1925a: 187 ( Belonuchus ; variety of ferrugatus ; Type locality: Tjibodas, 1500 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1378 ( Belonuchus ; variety of ferrugatus ).

— Cameron, 1937: 19 ( Belonuchus ; cited as a valid species; Java).

- DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia.

rufipennis Fabricius, 1801: 597 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: America meridionalis).

— Erichson, 1840: 426 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of formosus ).

— Fauvel, 1877a: xxviii ( Belonuchus ; Brazil).

— Fauvel, 1877a: xxviii ( Belonuchus ; Brazil).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 370 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of formosus ).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 433 ( Belonuchus ; characters; Tobago; Trinidad).

— Coiffait, 1981g: 289 ( Belonuchus ; Galapagos Islands).

— Frank, 1982: 34 ( Belonuchus ; list of parasites).

— Hunter, Kincher, Bay, Beerwinkle, 1991: 168 ( Belonuchus ; seasonal distribution and diel flight activity; Texas).

— Campbell and Davies, 1991: 119 ( Belonuchus ; checklist of species; Canada).

— Smetana, 1995e: 726 ( Belonuchus ; characters; notes; Ontario; Quebec; Alabama; Arkansas; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Tennessee; Texas; Virginia; West Virginia; also Jamaica and El Salvador). — Downie and Arnett, 1996: 383 ( Belonuchus ; characters; USA). — Schmidt, 1999: 108 ( Belonuchus ; food for adults and larvae used for rearing species; rearing methods). - DISTRIBUTION: Hawaii, Galapagos Islands, Argentina, Brazil, French Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, West Indies, USA, Canada.

formosus Gravenhorst, 1806: 72 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Carolina; [Note: See lectotype designation by Smetana, 1995e]). — Erichson, 1840: 426 ( Belonuchus ; characters; Colombia; Cayenne; Carolina). — Solsky, 1875: 15 ( Belonuchus ; Peru). — Sharp, 1876: 160 ( Belonuchus ; Brazil). — Fauvel, 1877a: xxviii ( Belonuchus ; synonym of rufipennis ). — Sharp, 1885: 431 ( Belonuchus ; characters; Carolina; Pennsylvania; Mexico; British Honduras; Guatemala; Nicaragua; Panama; Colombia; Brazil). — Fauvel, 1891: 118 ( Belonuchus ; Venezuela). — Fauvel, 1901: 87 ( Belonuchus ; Venezuela; eastern United States to Brazil). — Fall and Cockerell, 1907: 166 ( Belonuchus ; New Mexico). — Blatchley, 1910: 379 ( Belonuchus ; characters; Indiana). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 370 ( Belonuchus ; catalog). — Notman, 1920b: 706 ( Belonuchus ; Florida). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1378 ( Belonuchus ; catalog; Argentina). — Blackwelder, 1943: 432 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of rufipennis ). — Silvestri, 1945: 313 ( Belonuchus ; characters of adults, first instar and mature larvae, and pupa; life history notes). — Silvestri, 1945a ( Belonuchus ; anomalous adult). — Scheerpeltz, 1975a: 243 ( Belonuchus ; collecting notes; Brazil). — Legner and Moore, 1977: 176 ( Belonuchus ; found under bark). — Marcuzzi, 1977: 13 ( Belonuchus , cited as Belonichus; Venezuela). — Coiffait, 1981g: 289 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of rufipennis ). — Smetana, 1995e: 726 ( Belonuchus ; lectotype designation; synonym of rufipennis ). — Nishida, 1997: 60 ( Belonuchus ; Hawaii).

pallipes Melsheimer, 1844: 35 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Pennsylvania). — Fauvel, 1877a: xxviii ( Belonuchus ; synonym of rufipennis ). — Fauvel, 1891: 118 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of formosus ). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 370 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of formosus ). — Blackwelder, 1943: 432 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of rufipennis ). — Smetana, 1995e: 727 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of rufipennis ).

rufoniger Fauvel, 1895: 266 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Bírmanie, Carin Cheba, 900– 1100 m). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog). — Bernhauer, 1928: 17 ( Belonuchus ; Sumatra). — Cameron, 1932: 172 ( Belonuchus ; characters; Burma; India). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog). — Cameron, 1933d: 391 ( Belonuchus ; Sumatra). — Legner and Moore, 1977: 176 ( Belonuchus ; found under bark). - DISTRIBUTION: India, Myanmar, Indonesia, Taiwan, Japan.

montanus Fauvel, 1895: 267 ( Belonuchus ; variety of rufoniger ; Type locality: Java oriental, monts Tengger, 1300 m; Java occidental, Sukabumi, 700 m).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; variety of rufoniger ). — Cameron, 1937: 20 ( Belonuchus ; variety of rufoniger ; Java).

nigripes Bernhauer, 1922c: 233 ( Belonuchus ; variety of rufoniger ; Type locality: Hoozan, Taihorin).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; variety of rufoniger ).

— Shibata, 1974: 31 ( Belonuchus ; variety of rufoniger ; Japan).

rufopygus Cameron, 1951 , see: biformis Cameron, 1951 .

rufotestaceus Cameron, 1941 , see: ferrugatus Erichson, 1840 .

rugicollis Bernhauer, 1916 g: 276 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Peru).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Peru.

satyrus Erichson, 1840: 421 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Columbia).

— Fauvel, 1891: 116 ( Belonuchus ; Venezuela).

— Fauvel, 1901: 86 ( Belonuchus ; Colombia; Venezuela).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 431 ( Belonuchus ; characters; Trinidad).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Venezuela, West Indies.

schaefferi Cooper, 1933 , see: ephippiatus Say, 1830 .

semitestaceus Schubert, 1906: 374 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Kwai, Usambara).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania.

sericeicollis Cameron, 1950 g: 43 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Belgian Congo: Rutshuru ,

alt. 1285 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

setiger Sharp, 1876: 164 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Ega).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Brazil.

sharpi Bernhauer, 1907a: 285 ( Belonuchus ; replacement name for grandiceps Sharp. Also cited from Peru).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Peru.

grandiceps Sharp, 1876: 158 ( Belonuchus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Ega; Tapajos, St. Paulo).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of sharpi ).

silvestris Bernhauer, 1917c: 17 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: West-Columbien: Cali am

Rio Cauca, Alto de las cruces, 2200 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia.

similis Sharp, 1885: 436 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui between 2500 and 6000 feet).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Panama.

simillimus Bernhauer, 1917 i: 106 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Westkolumbien: Villa Elvira, 1800 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia.

simplex Sharp, 1885 , see: ephippiatus Say, 1830 .

skalitzkyi Bernhauer, 1906c: 334 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Peru: Pumananea ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Peru.

spinicornis Champion, 1913: 4 ( Musicoderus ; Type locality: Costa Rica, Pitahaya, 1400 m). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica.

stenoderus Sharp, 1885: 434 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Panama, Bugaba ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Panama.

subaeneipennis Bernhauer, 1916 g: 269 ( Belonuchus ; subgenus Musicoderus ; Type locality: Umgebung von Cali in West-Columbien: Cañon del Mte. Tolima, 1700 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia.

subaeneus Bernhauer, 1916 g: 268 ( Belonuchus ; subgenus Musicoderus ; Type locality: Bolivien: Yuracares).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia.

subconvexus Bernhauer, 1937: 302 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Kenya: Homa , South Kavirondo).

- DISTRIBUTION: Kenya.

subdentatus Eppelsheim, 1895a: 130 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Togoland).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: “West Africa”?.

subsellatus Bernhauer, 1916 g: 276 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Bolivien: Yuracares ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia.

superbus Bernhauer, 1916 g: 273 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: West-Cordilleren im Morast unter Bananenköder: Alto de las cruces, 2200 m; Rio Vitaco, 2000 m; Rio Aquatal, 1800 m; S. Antonio, 2000 m; Villa Elvira, 1800 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia.

taczanovskii Solsky, 1872: 303 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Monte Rico , Perou).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; cited as taczanowskii; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Peru.

taprobanus Cameron, 1932: 175 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Ceylon).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka.

terminalis Laporte, 1840: 176 ( Staphylinus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Brésil).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 371 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Herman, 2001: 42 ( Belonuchus ; although a junior primary homonym, prevailing use as valid maintained pending outcome of application to Commission under Article 23.9.5).

- DISTRIBUTION: Brazil.

texanus Casey, 1915 , see: arizonicus Casey, 1915 .

thoracicus Fauvel, 1903 , see: grandiceps Kraatz, 1859 .

tremolerasi Bernhauer, 1912d: 40 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Uruguay).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 372 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog; Argentina, Paraguay).

- DISTRIBUTION: Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina.

trinitatis Blackwelder, 1943: 423 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Trinidad: Department of Africulture Stock Farm at St. Joseph , 6 miles east of Port of Spain).

- DISTRIBUTION: West Indies.

tripunctatus Fauvel, 1895: 267 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Bírmanie, Carin Cheba , 900– 1100 m).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 372 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Cameron, 1932: 176 ( Belonuchus ; characters; Burma).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1379 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Cameron, 1933d: 391 ( Belonuchus ; Sumatra).

troglophilus Smetana, 1995e: 742 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Arizona: Buckelew Cave , Cochise Co. Also cited from Oklahoma and Texas).

- DISTRIBUTION: USA.

tucumanensis Bernhauer, 1934b: 213 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Argentinien: Tucuman).

- DISTRIBUTION: Argentina.

ussuriensis Tikhomirova, 1973: 170 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Suputinskii zapovednik).

- DISTRIBUTION: Russia.

variolosus Solsky, 1870a: 263 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Cayenne).

— Solsky, 1872: 305 ( Belonuchus ; cited as variolaris ; Cayenne).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 372 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: French Guiana.

venezolanus Bernhauer, 1917 i: 104 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Venezuela; Kolumbien).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1380 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Marcuzzi, 1977: 13 ( Belonuchus , cited as Belonichus; Venezuela).

- DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela, Colombia.

vestitus R. Sahlberg, 1847 , see: Xanthodermus .

viridipennis Baudi, 1848: 125 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Novae Valenciae, Columbia).

— Fauvel, 1891: 118 ( Belonuchus ; Venezuela).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 372 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Guatemala, Mexico.

dejectus Sharp, 1885: 433 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Mexico, Cordova, Jalapa, Las Vigas, Mirador ; Guatemala, Capetillo , Cerro Zunil , Balheu , Tamahu , San Joaquin , Purula ,

El Tumbador, San Geronimo; Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 2500 to 4000 feet ).

— Sharp, 1887: 789 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of viridipennis ).

— Fauvel, 1891: 118 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of viridipennis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 372 ( Belonuchus ; synonym of viridipennis ).

vulneratus Bernhauer, 1906c: 335 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Peru: Pachitea ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 372 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Peru.

xantholinoides Bernhauer, 1917 i: 106 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Westkolumbien:

Villa Elvira, 1800 m; S. Antonio, 2200 m, Umgebung von Cali am Rio Cauca ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1380 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia.

xanthomelas Solsky, 1868a: 139 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Mexique).

— Sharp, 1885: 417 ( Philonthus ; Mexico; Arizona).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 372 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1380 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

— Jimenez-Sanchez, Navarrete-Heredia, and Padilla-Ramirez, 2000: 61 ( Belonuchus ; necrophilous species; distribution in Mexico).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, USA.

xanthopterus Nordmann, 1837: 99 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Parae in America meridionalis). — Erichson, 1840: 421 ( Belonuchus ; characters; Brazil).

— Sharp, 1876: 157 ( Belonuchus ; Brazil).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 372 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Brazil.

xanthopus Solsky, 1868a: 139 ( Belonuchus ; Type locality: Mexique).

— Sharp, 1885: 420 ( Philonthus ; notes; Mexico).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 372 ( Belonuchus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

Bisnius

[66 species; Neotropical, Nearctic, Palaearctic, Oriental,

and Australian Regions]

Bisnius Stephens, 1829a: 23 (species included: cephalotes and four unavailable names; [Note: The same questions and controversy concerning the authorship and date of publication for Philonthus apply to Bisnius . The issue is discussed in my “note” attached to the citation of the original description for Philonthus ]). TYPE SPECIES: Staphylinus cephalotes Gravenhorst , fixed by monotypy.

— Curtis, 1829: 26 (catalog; Britain).

— Stephens, 1829: 283 (catalog; Britain).

— Stephens, 1832: 200 (characters).

— Stephens, 1833: 247 (characters).

— Westwood, 1838a: 16 (characters; type species).

— Stephens, 1839: 385 (characters).

— Erichson, 1840: 426 (synonym of Philonthus ).

— Lacordaire, 1854: 80 (synonym of Philonthus ).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 565 (synonym of Philonthus ).

— G. Waterhouse, 1858: 24 (synonym of Philonthus ).

— Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 584 (synonym of Philonthus ).

— Fauvel, 1874: 207 [= 1874a: 433] (synonym of Philonthus ).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 583 [= 1877: 439] (characters; key to French species).

— Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 1891: 102 (list of species of Europe and Caucasus).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 326 (synonym of Philonthus ).

— Johansen, 1914: 423 (characters; key to Danish species).

— Cameron, 1932: 62 (subgenus of Philonthus ).

— Tottenham, 1939d: 227 (discussion of nomenclature).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 399 (subgenus of Philonthus ; type species: cephalotes ).

— Tottenham, 1949: 372, 418 (type species: cephalotes Gravenhorst ; subgenus of Philonthus ; checklist of British species).

— Blackwelder, 1952: 76 (type species: cephalotes ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 513 (valid genus; characters; notes; key to North American species; transfer of Old World species to Bisnius ; phylogenetic relationships).

— Lundgren, 1998: 50 (list of species from Florida; records for other States listed for each species).

— Newton, Thayer, Ashe, and Chandler, 2000: 396 (34 Nearctic species; notes; characters in key).

— Hayashi, 2000: 23 (notes on empodial setae).

Gefyrobius Thomson, 1859: 24 (species included: nitidulus ). TYPE SPECIES: Staphylinus nitidulus Gravenhorst , fixed by original designation and monotypy.

— Thomson, 1860: 166 (characters).

— Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 584 (synonym of Philonthus ).

— Fauvel, 1874: 207 [= 1874a: 433] (synonym of Philonthus ).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 530 [= 1877: 386] (characters).

— Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 1891: 104 (subgenus of Philonthus ; list of species of Europe and Caucasus).

— Heyden, 1893: 43 (subgenus of Philonthus ; list of species of Siberian region).

— Heyden, 1896: 33 (subgenus of Philonthus ; list of species of Siberian region).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 326 (synonym of Philonthus ).

— Cameron, 1932: 62 (subgenus of Philonthus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1330 (subgenus of Philonthus ).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 399 (synonym of Bisnius ; type species: nitidulus ).

— Tottenham, 1949: 372 (synonym of Bisnius ; type species: denigrator Gravenhorst = nitidulus Gravenhorst ).

— Blackwelder, 1952: 168 (type species: nitidulus ).

— Smetana, 1958: 143 (synonym of Philonthus ).