Agraulis Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835]

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A. & Grishin, Nick V., 2019, Changes to North American butterfly names, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2), pp. 1-12 : 5

Agraulis Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835] is a subgenus of Dione Hübner, [1819]

Monotypic genus Agraulis Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835] (type species Papilio vanillae Linnaeus, 1758) is a close sister to Dione Hübner, [1819] (type species Papilio juno Cramer, 1779) ( Fig. 7 ). COI barcode difference between A. vanillae and Dione moneta Hübner, [1825] is 7.9%. Timecalibrated nuclear genomic tree shows that genetic divergence ( Fig. 7 ) between Agraulis and Dione is nearly the same as the divergence among species of Boloria Moore, 1900 (type species Papilio pales [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) and smaller than the divergence between Heliconius Kluk, 1780 (type species Papilio charithonia Linnaeus, 1767) and Eueides Hübner, 1816 (type species Nereis dianasa Hübner, [1806]) ( Fig. 7 ). Therefore, we treat Agraulis as a subgenus of Dione.

Figures

Fig. 7. Agraulis and Dione.