Baccharis patens Baker (1882: 52)

Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2016, Taxonomy of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae: Baccharidinae), a group from the southeastern South American grasslands and savannas, Phytotaxa 241 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

4. Baccharis patens Baker (1882: 52) . Lanugothamnus patens (Baker) Deble (2012: 13) . Type:— URUGUAY. Montevideo: s. d., ♀, F. Sellow d463 (lectotype K! (000221906), designated by Heiden & Pirani (2012a: 43); isolectotypes GH! (00003969), NY! (0016229)).

Baccharis squarrosa Baker (1882: 50) , non Kunth (1818). Type:— URUGUAY. Lavalleja: Minas, April 1869, ♂, J.E. Gibert 881 (lectotype K, first-step lectotype designated by Barroso 1976: 57, second-step lectotype designated by Heiden & Pirani (2012a: 43) K! (000222090), uppermost branch); isolectotype K! (000222090, branches of the same collection at the bottom of the sheet); MVM!). Remaining syntypes: URUGUAY. Maldonado: 1826, ♀, P.P. King 28 (K! (000222088; 000222091)). BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, Morro da Polícia [fide Malagarriga (1957)], June 1825, ♀, F. Sellow 2808 (syntype GH! (00004002)). F. Sellow 2924 (not found).

Baccharis bakeri Heering (1904: 39) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, Belém Velho , 12 September 1894, ♂ & ♀, E. M. Reineck & J . Czermak 106 (holotype HBG! 4 sheets; isotypes G!, MO! (5753120), MVM!, O!, P! (00509635), S! (10-22206).

Illustrations: — Barroso (1976: 224); Malagarriga (1973: fig. 8, as Baccharis bakeri ; 1977: dessin 112). Fig. 9 , 10 .

Subshrubs or shrubs 0.05–1.5 m tall, erect or procumbent; fertile shoots patent, branches axillary. Stems light brown to stramineous; shoots tomentose. Leaves 0.5–2 cm long, 1.3–3 mm wide, evenly distributed along the branches; petioles absent; leaf blade indurate, linear-obovate, linear-oblong, linear-elliptic to linear, apex rounded to acute, base sessile, attenuate, obtuse or subcordate, margins entire, revolute; leaves 1-nerved, adaxial surface with a caducous pubescent indumentum, abaxial surface with a persistent felted indumentum. Capitulescences racemose, rarely capitula solitary, terminal; racemes 1–4 cm long, 1–4 cm wide. Capitula pedunculate; peduncles 0.5–2 cm long, tomentose. Male capitula 3.6–5.3 mm long; involucre 3.4–4.7 mm long, 4.9–6.8 mm wide, campanulate; phyllaries 3–4-seriate, light green or vinaceous, outer ones ovate, median oblong, inner ones oblanceolate, margins scarious, dentate, apex acute to rounded, lanose to glabrous; clinanthium conical, with scarce biseriate trichomes; florets 12–36; corollas 3–3.6 mm long, tube 1.6–1.8 mm long, throat 1–1.2 mm, lobes 0.4–0.6 mm long, biseriate hairs on the lobes; anthers creamy, 3.3–3.7 mm long; style 3.3–3.9 mm long; ovary abortive, 0.08–0.12 mm long, 0.17–0.2 mm wide, glabrous or with biseriate trichomes; pappus 3.3–3.9 mm long, bristles 16–22, not twisted, apically slightly broadened. Female capitula 5.4–8 mm long; involucre 4.8–5.8 mm long, 4–6 mm wide, turbinate to cylindrical; phyllaries 3-seriate, light green or vinaceous, outer and median ones ovate, inner ones elliptic, margins dentate, scarious, apex rounded, lanose to glabrous; clinanthium plane, glabrous; florets 8–24; corollas 2.3–2.8 mm long, apex with a wreath of filiform trichomes; style 3.9–4.2 mm long, branches 0.3–0.5 mm long. Cypselae 1.7–2 mm long, 0.79–0.9 mm wide, brown, glabrous, colliculate, oblong, 5–7-ribbed; pappus 4.8–5 mm long; bristles 48–80, not broadened apically. Chromosome number unknown.

Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the spreading branches.

Distribution and habitat: — Baccharis patens occurs in southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul state) and southeastern Uruguay (Canelones, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rocha, and San José departments), known from several locations from the Serra Geral and the eastern hills of Serra do Sudeste, in Brazil, through the Serranías del Este, in Uruguay, and surrounding lowland areas, at elevations between 0 and 950 m a.s.l. (Fig. 11). It forms sparse populations on rocky basaltic soil, within the subtropical highland grasslands with in the Ombrophilous Mixed Forests of the Paranense province, and on granitic or conglomerate outcrops or rocky and shallow soils, in the low altitude temperate grasslands, sometimes reaching the coast and growing on rocky shores or coastal scrub vegetation on sandy soils, within the Pampean province.

Phenology: —Fertile specimens have been collected from July to December, with a flowering peak between August and September.

Conservation status: —Least concern (LC). It is known to occur inside a few nature reserves and in several non-protected primary areas. Although it is not threatened along its entire range, the increasing anthropization of native grasslands and rock outcrop enviroments are likely to threaten some locally morphological diverse and isolated populations.

TAXONOMY OF BACCHARIS SUBGEN. TARCHONANTHOIDES

Phytotaxa 241 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 17 18 • Phytotaxa 241 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press

HEIDEN & PIRANI TAXONOMY OF BACCHARIS SUBGEN. TARCHONANTHOIDES

Phytotaxa 241 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 19

FIGURE 11. Distribution of Baccharis patens (○).

Vernacular names: —Romerillo (Heiden & Iganci 1463), vassourinha (Heiden et al. 1395a, 1395b).

Comments: —The distribution of Baccharis patens is centered in two separate areas. Northern specimens are always shrubby and usually bear smaller leaves and capitula, which are always disposed in racemes. In contrast, southern specimens can be shrubs or subshrubs bearing leaves and capitula slightly larger and, in addition to the capitula organized in racemes, sometimes possess solitary capitula in the same plant. Plants from the Sierras de Minas and Punta Ballena in Uruguay, growing in rocks exposed to constant wind or under maritime influence, can display the growing habit as a spreading procumbent subshrub. However these specimens cannot be recognized as distinct taxa, since environmental influence is strong and intermediate forms between procumbent subshrubs and erect shrubs are found in the same area. Despite the apparently suitable habitats for the species in the hilly countryside of Cerro Largo department in Uruguay, no specimens were found during fieldwork in this area linking the two centres of distribution of the species, which are probably disjunct.

Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Amaral Ferrador , September 1985, ♂, M . Sobral 4198 ( ICN); ♀, M . Sobral 4199 ( ICN, K, MBM, NY). Arroio dos Ratos, 27 August 1983, S . Carvalho s.n. ( ICN59361 ). Bagé , 30 September 1982, st., J . Mattos 25647 ( HAS); August 1987, ♀, M . Sobral, S . Bordignon & J. N . Marchiori 5713 ( ICN); ♂, M . Sobral, S . Bordignon & J. N . Marchiori 5714 ( FLOR, ICN, MBM, PACA). Cachoeira do Sul, Durasnal , October 1983, ♀, M . Sobral 2529 ( F, MBM, MO). Caçapava do Sul , 22 September 1981, ♂, K . Hagelund 13561 ( ICN); ♀, K . Hagelund 13583 ( ICN); 10 November 2011, ♀, G . Heiden, A . Antonelli & J. R. V . Iganci 1768 ( SPF); 21 October 1986, ♀, J . Mattos 29765 ( HAS); August 1987, ♀, M . Sobral, S . Bordignon & J. N . Marchiori 5707 ( FLOR, ICN, MBM), arroio Lajeado , 30 September 1983, st., J . Mattos 25548 ( HAS); Fazenda da Taleira , 21 September 1986, ♀, M . Rossato et al. s.n. ( HUCS2008 , MBM125415 , MO5570246 , NY00788070 , US 3072933); Passo do Cação, Vale do Camaquã , 26 September 1984, ♀, B . Irgang et al. s.n. ( ICN92776 ); rio Camaquã , 27 October 2012, ♀, G . Heiden et al. 2014 ( SPF). Cambará do Sul, Parque Nacional de Aparados da Serra, Itaimbezinho , 13 October 1976, ♂, D. Araújo 1259 ( GUA, US); 919 m, bud, G . Heiden et al. 1403 ( ICN, RB, SPF, US); 900 m, 6 September 1971, ♂, A . Sehnem 12411 ( PACA). Canela 10 August 1998, ♂, S . Diesel 1508 ( US). Canguçu, Base do CINDACTA, 27 October 2011, ♀, G . Heiden, E. R. T . Stumpf & S. Z . Fischer 1732 ( CTB, GB, ICN, MVFA, RB, SPF). Capão do Leão, Horto Botânico , 16 July 1954, J. C . Sacco 159 ( HB, PACA, PEL, RB); Jazida do Silveira , 5 August 1999, ♂, E. N . Garcia 376 ( ICN). Caxias do Sul, Criúva, Ilhéus , 750 m, 17 September 1988, ♂, R . Wasum et al. s.n. ( G345949 , HUCS4435 , INPA159689 , MBM125414 , MO4295620 ,

20 • Phytotaxa 241 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press

HEIDEN & PIRANI

NY00788071 , US 3100352); 17 November 1988, ♀ , M. Rossato et al. s.n. ( G345940 , HUCS4433 , MO4295619 , US 3100351). Cerro Grande do Sul , 28 September 1997, ♀ , J. A. Jarenkow 3543 ( ESA, FLOR, ICN, MBM, PEL). Encruzilhada do Sul , 9 September 1977, ♀ , J. Mattos 17313 ( HAS); 11 September 1971, ♀ , A. Sehnem 12429 ( NY, PACA); ♂ , A. Sehnem 12430 ( NY, PACA); Cerro da Cascavel , 9 September 1995, ♀ , J. A. Jarenkow 2748 ( MBM, PEL); Quero-Quero , 1 October 1984, ♀ , M. Sobral 3051 ( F, FLOR, G, ICN, MBM, MO, PAMG, S); ♂ , M. Sobral & Y. Folz 3052 ( F, FLOR, G, ICN, MBM, MO, PAMG). Guaíba, Fazenda São Maximiano , 3 October 1993, ♀ , N. I. Matzenbacher s.n. ( ICN103661 ). Lavras do Sul , 13 November 1980, ♂ , J. Mattos 21631 ( HAS); Fazenda do Posto , 17 October 1971, ♀ , J. C. Lindeman & B. E. Irgang s.n. ( ICN8648 ); Mina Volta Grande , 5 October 1984, ♀ , M. Sobral 3065 ( ICN). Maquiné , 26 May 1979, ♂ , J. Mattos 80854 ( HAS). Mariana Pimentel, s.d., st ., N. I. Matzenbacher s.n. ( RB191677 ); Cerro Negro , 12 October 1983, ♀ , A. M. Jesien & S. G. Bauermann s.n. ( ICN61691 ). Morro Redondo , 15 October 1989, ♀ , J. A. Jarenkow 1363 ( HAS, MBM, PEL). Pantano Grande, s.d., ♂ & ♀ , J. C. Lindeman , B. E. Irgang & J.F. M. Valls s.n. ( ICN20542 , CTES39909 , HAS56844 , LP s.n.). Pelotas, Pedreira Santa Luzia , 20 May 1959, st ., J. C. Sacco 1223 ( F, HAS, HB, HBR, MBM, PEL, R, RB). Pinheiro Machado, 428 m, 26 February 2010, st . G. Heiden & G. Heiden 1257 ( SPF); 445 m, 15 July 2010, ♂ , G. Heiden et al. 1395a ( E, RB, SPF, US); ♀ , G. Heiden et al. 1395b ( E, RB, SPF, US). Porto Alegre , October 1896, Brixen 74639 ( LIL); 21 September 1956, ♀ , J. Mattos 6858 ( PACA); 16 July 1948, ♂ , B. Rambo 37333 ( LIL, MBM, PACA, SI); 2 November 1936, ♀ , W. Rau 22 ( LP, RB); Agronomia, st ., J. Mattos 6041 ( HAS); Belém Velho , January 1985 , I. S. Luz s.n. ( ICN62576 ); Ipanema , 1973, ♂ , N. I. Matzenbacher s.n. ( RB162842 ); Jardim Botânico , 28 August 1979, ♀ , O. Bueno 1669 ( CTES, HAS); Morro das Abertas , 14 August 1979, ♂ , O. Bueno 1644 ( CTES, F, HAS, MBM, RB); Morro da Glória , 8 October 1980, ♂ , J. Mattos 21416 ( HB); 15 August, 1945, ♂ , B. Rambo 29000 ( LIL, PACA); 20 September 1949, ♀ , B. Rambo 43470 ( LIL, PACA); ♂ , B. Rambo 43503 ( PACA); Morro do Osso , 18 October 1996 , P. Brack 643 ( ICN); 3 July 1996, ♀ , R. S. Rodrigues 12 ( ICN); Morro da Polícia , 15 August 1969, bud , L.R.M. Baptista & B. Irgang s.n. ( ICN5881 ); 22 November 1901, ♀ , G.O. A. Malme 499 ( S); 9 September 1949, ♂ , B. Rambo 43330 ( CTES, LIL, PACA); 9 September 1949, ♀ , B. Rambo 43341 ( C, LIL, PACA); Morro Santana, 278 m, 22 August 2007, ♂ , A. C. Fernandes & M. Ritter s.n. ( ICN159165 ); 20 August 1200 , J. Mattos 1200 ( HAS); 21 August 1958 , J. R. Mattos 6866 ( HBR, PACA, PEL); 7 September 1991 , L. T. Pereira s.n. ( ICN119279 ); 11 November 1987, ♀ , M. Silveira 4767 ( HAS); 2 June 1987 , N. Silveira 12580 ( HAS); January 1990, ♀ , M. Sobral 6093 ( ICN); April 2000, st ., M. Sobral & A. Schenkel 9026 ( ICN); Morro São Pedro , 25 September 2008, ♀ , R. Setubal & P.M. A. Ferreira 646 ( ICN); Teresópolis , August 1943, ♂ , J.E. Leite 3149 (SP); UFRGS, Campus do Vale , 16 September 1988, ♀ , N. F. Silveira 122 ( HAS); Vila Manresa , 15 August 1945, ♂ , B. Rambo 29000 ( B, PACA); 20 September 1949, ♀ , B. Rambo 43370 ( B, PACA); ♂ , B. Rambo 43503 ( B, PACA); 22 May 1950, ♂ & ♀ , B. Rambo 48809 ( B, HBR, LIL, LP, PACA). Santa Maria, Serra do Pinhal , Campestre do Pinhal , 4 October 1947, ♂ , J. E. Vidal 1208 ( R). São Lourenço do Sul , Barrinha, 22 August 2009, 4 m, ♂ , G. Heiden 1065 ( SPF). Viamão, Beco do Capitão , Sítio Vassouras , 10 August 1987, ♂ , C. Mondin & A. Levy 138 ( HAS); Granja Neugebauer , 27 September 1950, ♀ , B. Rambo 11922 ( HBR, PACA); Parque Estadual de Itapuã , 60 m, 8 September 1985, ♂ , D. B. Falkenberg 3092 & 3095 ( FLOR); 5 September 2003, ♂ , A. A. Schneider 62 ( ICN); September 1983, ♀ , M. Sobral & P. Brack 2220 ( F, INPA, MBM, NY); Lagoa Negra, ♀ , M. E. Beretta & M. R. Ritter 57 ( ICN); Morro do Araçá , 13 September 2012, ♂ , M. Pinheiro 387 ( ICN); Praia da Pedreira , 4 October 2003, ♀ , M. E. Beretta , M. R. Ritter & A. A. Schneider 36 ( ICN); Toca do Tigre , 27 September 1950, ♀ , B. Rambo 48840 ( LIL, PACA); Morro da Grota , 30 October 1979, ♀ , O. Bueno 1839 ( HAS, RB); Vila Gaúcha, s.d., ♀ , J.R. Mattos 3743 (HBR). S.l., 1941, ♂ , E. Viana 109 ( G, RB). URUGUAY . S.l. 1816–1821, A. Saint-Hilaire 639 C 2 2127 ( LP, P). CANELONES: Cuchilla Alta , 14 August 2004, ♂ , F. Haretche 10 ( MVJB); ♀ , F. Haretche 11 ( MVJB). LAVALLEJA: Colon, Sierra de la Lorecita, 26 March 1996, st., D. Bayce et al. s.n. ( MVFA25511 ). Minas, 303 m, ♀ , G. Heiden & J.R. V. Iganci 1463 ( GB, ICN, MVFA, RB, SPF, US); 10 October 1907, ♂ & ♀ , C. Osten 5170 ( LIL); 20 October 1920, ♂ , C. Osten 15244 ( MO, S); Cerro Arequita , 3 October 1937, ♀ , D. Legrand 1120 ( MVM); 10 October 1907 , C. Osten 5170 ( MVM); 3 October 1907 , B. Rosengurtt A-1343 ( LIL, LP, MVFA, NY); Cerros del Molino, arroyo Mataojo , December 1939, ♀ , J. Chebataroff 3604 ( LP); Cerro Guazubira , 7 January 1952 , G. W. Zeague s.n. ( P02463318 ); Cerro Verdún , 20 October 1962, ♀ , H.A. O. Del Puerto 8666 ( MVFA); 20 October 1920, ♂ , C. Osten 15244 ( MVM); Fuente Salus , October 1930, ♀ , A. Lombardo s.n. ( MVJB1305 ); Salto del Penitente , 26 August 1962 , E. H. Marchesi 202 ( MVFA). Polanco, Sierra de Polanco , 24 November 1993, ♀ , D. Bayce et al. s.n. ( MVFA22285 ) . S.l., 14 November 2005, ♀ , M. Bonifacino et al. 1842 ( CTES, MVFA). MALDONADO: Aiguá, Grutas de Salamanca , 10 November 1988 , L. Delfino & M. Zunino s.n .

TAXONOMY OF BACCHARIS SUBGEN. TARCHONANTHOIDES

Phytotaxa 241 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 21

(MVJB20915). Gregorio Aznárez , Cerro Betete, 27 November 2004, ♀, C . Callero s.n. ( MVJB23281 ); 10 December 2005, I . Grela s.n. ( MVJB23924 ). Maldonado , 26 March 1935, st., A . Gallinal 715 ( MVFA). September 1932, ♀, W. G . Herter 1500a ( F, G, HBG, MO, MVM, NY, RB, S, SI, US); December 1861, ♀, Nadeaud s. n. ( P0315902 ). Pan de Azúcar, s.d., ♀, J . Arechavaleta 157 ( G, MVM); s.d., ♀, C. M . Hicken 157 ( SI). Piriápolis , August 1928, ♂, A . Lombardo s.n. ( MVJB1209 , MVJB2677 ); November 1936, ♀, A . Lombardo s.n. ( MVJB1863 ); October 1937, ♂, H. A. O . Del Puerto s.n. ( MVFA9309 ); ♂, A . Lombardo s.n. ( MVJB2186 ); Cerro San Antonio, 1 November 1968, H. A. O . Del Puerto & E. H . Marchesi 770 ( MVFA). Punta del Este , Punta Ballena, 22 November 1970, Arrillaga s.n. ( MVFQ2553 ); 4 January 2011, ♀, G . Heiden & J. R. V . Iganci 1466 ( SPF); 5 September 1970, 22 November 1971, A . Lombardo s.n. ( MVFA10957 ). Solis , Cerro de las Ánimas, September 1934, ♀, F . Rosa-Mato 557 ( LP, MVM); 4 August 1935, ♂, B . Rosengurtt B162 ( LP, MVFA); Sierra Ánimas , 21 September 1972, ♀, H. A. O . Del Puerto & E . Marchesi s.n. ( MVFA11260 ); ♂, H. A. O . Del Puerto & E . Marchesi s.n. ( MVFA11261 ); Marzo 1958, ♂, A . Lombardo s.n. ( MVJB2945 ); 20–24 November 1917, ♀, C . Osten 11623 ( MVM); 11 October 1932, C . Osten 22334b ( MVM). San Carlos , Abra de Perdomo, 21 November 1948, ♀, B . Rosengurtii 5263 ( MVFA); Cuchilla de la Ballena, 14 November 1899, ♀, C . Osten 3884 ( MVM); Sierra Ballena , 4 August 1940, ♂, D. Legrand 2228 ( LIL, MVM). ROCHA : Santa Teresa, February 1960, st., A. L . Cabrera 13599 ( LP). S . l., Serras, March, ♂, J . Arechavaleta s.n. ( MVM); 13 January 1956, B. R . Arrilaga 234 ( MVFA). SAN JOSÉ . Isusa, November 1955, B. R . Arrilaga 159 ( MVFA) .

III. Baccharis ser. Tarchonanthoides (Heering) G. Heiden , stat. nov. Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides Heering (1904: 26) [as “ Tarchonantoides ”].

Shoots virgate. Leaves petiolate, pinnate, semicraspedodromous, or rarely suprabasally 3-nerved, acrodromous imperfect. Capitulescences paniculate. Pappus bristles of male florets straight or basally tortuous. Female corollas without a subapical wreath of trichomes. Cypselae 5–6-ribbed, puberulous or glabrescent; pappus persistent, uniseriate.

A new status is proposed for Baccharis ser. Tarchonanthoides , comprising the type species of the subgenus. The series represents a lineage of two sister species occurring in high elevation tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas of South and Southeastern Brazil, and includes the same species of the homonymous section fide Giuliano (2011) .

Figures

FIGURE 9. Baccharis patens. A. Fertile shoot of pistillate plant. B. Leaves. C. Portion of tomentose peduncle. D. Male capitulum. E. Phyllaries of male capitulum (outer to inner). F. Male floret. G. Female capitulum. H. Phyllaries of female capitulum (outer to inner). I. Female floret. J. Corolla and style of female floret. K. Cypsela. A, C, G–K: Heiden 1395b (SPF). B (from left to right): Heiden 1466 (SPF); Heiden 1463 (SPF); Heiden 1403 (SPF); Heiden 1395b (SPF). D–F: Heiden 1395a (SPF). Illustration by João Iganci.

FIGURE 10. Baccharis patens. A. Habitat and erect habit with lateral shoots patent in subtropical highland grasslands with Ombrophilous Mixed forests at Itaimbezinho, Parque Nacional de Aparados da Serra, Cambará do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. B. Habitat and procumbent habit in low altitude temperate grasslands on rocky shores at Punta Ballena, Maldonado, Uruguay. C. Male capitulescences. D. Female capitulescences. Photos by G. Heiden.