Baccharis tarchonanthoides Candolle (1836: 414)

Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2016, Taxonomy of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae: Baccharidinae), a group from the southeastern South American grasslands and savannas, Phytotaxa 241 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

6. Baccharis tarchonanthoides Candolle (1836: 414) . Lanugothamnus tarchonanthoides (DC.) Deble (2012: 16) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Mariana, 1833, ♂, A.C. Vauthier 275 (holotype G-DC! (00200472); isotypes F! (971094); G! (00169376), GH! (00004012), K! (000221895), P! (00755763; 00755764), W).

Baccharis ibitiensis Toledo ex Handro (1953: 67) . Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Amparo, Monte Alegre , encosta do Pico da Serra Negra , 1200 m, 30 August 1943, ♀, M. Kuhlmann 1032 (holotype SP! (50262); isotype HAS! (56507), HB! (55002), RB! (114847)) .

Illustrations: — Baker (1882: tabula 20); Barroso (1976: 221, 223); Teodoro (1954: 19); Malagarriga (1973: fig. 47; 1977: dessin 148). Fig. 15 , 16 .

Shrubs 1–2.5 m tall, erect; fertile shoots ascending, branches axillary. Stems light brown; shoots villose. Leaves 2–10 cm long, 0.4–2.7 cm wide, evenly distributed along the branches; petioles 3–15 mm long; leaf blade indurate, elliptic to oblanceolate, apex acute, base acute to attenuate, margins entire or with 1–9 pairs of teeth; leaves pinnate semicraspedodromous, sometimes 1-nerved or rarely suprabasally 3-nerved, acrodromous imperfect, adaxial surface glabrescent, with a caducous lanose indumentum, abaxial surface with a persistent villous indumentum. Capitulescences terminal; panicles conical, 5–15 cm long, 3–10.3 cm wide. Capitula pedunculate; peduncles 0.1–1.2 cm long, villose. Male capitula 3.3–4.7 mm long; involucre 3.3–3.8 mm long, 4–6.7 mm wide, cup-shaped; phyllaries 3–4-seriate, light green or stramineous, outer and median ones ovate, inner ones linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute, pubescent apically; clinanthium plane or slightly concave, nearly glabrous, with scarce flagelliform and biseriate trichomes; florets 16–32; corollas 2.8–3.4 mm long, tube 1.6–1.8 mm long, throat 0.7–0.9 mm, lobes 0.5–0.7 mm long, biseriate hairs on the lobes; anthers yellow, 2.8–3.9 mm long; style 2.8–3.5 mm long; ovary abortive, 0.03–0.05 mm long, 0.08–0.1 mm wide, glabrous; pappus 2.7–3 mm long, bristles 20–24, basally tortuous, apically broadened. Female capitula 5–6.3 mm long; involucre 3.9–4.5 mm long, 3.7–6.5 mm wide, turbinate to cylindrical; phyllaries 3–4-seriate, light green or stramineous, outer ones ovate, median and inner ones lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, pubescent apically; clinanthium plane, glabrous or with biseriate trichomes; florets 16–34; corollas 2.7–3.5 mm long; style 2.8–3.7 mm long, branches 0.15–0.26 mm long. Cypselae 1.4–1.6 mm long, 0.25–0.5 mm wide, brown, puberulous, evenly covered by twin trichomes, oblong, 5–6-ribbed; pappus 2.7–3.2 mm long; bristles 20–48, slightly broadened apically with short protruding cell ends. Chromosome number n= 9 (Coleman 1970).

Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the resemblance to the African genus Tarchonanthus L. ( Asteraceae : Tarchonantheae ).

Distribution and habitat: — Baccharis tarchonanthoides occurs in southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo states) and southern Brazil (Paraná and Santa Catarina states), known from several disjunct locations in the highlands of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Iron Quadrangle), Serra do Espinhaço, Serra do Caparaó, Serra da Mantiqueira, Serra do Mar, Planalto Paulista, Planalto de Curitiba, Planalto de Ponta Grossa, and Serra Geral, at elevations between 640 and 2250 m a.s.l. (Fig. 14). It forms sparse to dense populations on open or closed vegetation types, in savannas, grasslands, thickets of dry forests or riverine vegetation on shallow and rocky soils, occurring in rocky grasslands (campos rupestres), between the tropical savannas along the Cerrado province, or in the high altitude tropical and subtropical highland grasslands, within the Atlantic and Paranense provinces.

Phenology: —Fertile specimens have been collected all year round, with a flowering peak between September and December.

Conservation status: —Least concern (LC). It is known to occur in some nature reserves and in non-protected primary areas. Although it is not threatened along its entire naturally fragmented range, its isolated populations could face some risk of local extinctions, and hence regional state assessments are encouraged with the aim to keep the great variability found in populations preserved.

Vernacular names: —Alecrim (Andrade 248, 534; Heiden & Baumgratz 812, 813); carrasco-do-campo (Campos Novaes CGG3175; Glaziou 7717; Hoehne 1505, 1523).

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Comments: — Baccharis tarchonanthoides has a wide distribution with several disjunct populations. Due to the broad geographical range and geographic isolation, leaf characters of shape, size, dentation and venation vary greatly along its geographical range. Curiously, specimens from the northern and southern limits of distribution usually have similarly larger leaves that are always dentate, while specimens with dentate or entire margins are commonly found amongst populations from Rio de Janeiro. On the other hand, the greatest variation in leaf shape is found among geographically close populations from Paraná, where leaf shape, dentition and venation are correlated to the origin of the specimens. However, as this characters are not correlated to any other vegetative or reproductive trait, no attempt is made to recognize segregated or infrageneric taxa within B. tarchonanthoides .

The specimen Blanchet 3167 with no date and no specific locality data other than state is the only known

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record referring to Bahia , Northeastern Brazil. The collection site is imprecise, but a search of records in G has revealed that 3164 and 3169A were collected in the 'partie merid. de la prov. de Bahia'—both collections were from 1840 (or distributed/sent in that year). The specimens Heiden & Iganci 1668, 1669 are the first records of B. tarchonanthoides from Santa Catarina.

Representative specimens examined: — BRASIL. S.l., s.d., Martii Herbar Florae Brasil 755 ( F, G, HBG, K, NY, P); s.d., F. Sellow 806 ( K). BAHIA : S.l., 1840, Blanchet 3167 ( MG). MINAS GERAIS: Alto Caparaó , Pico da Bandeira , 1969, ♀, P. Jouvin 463 ( PAMG). Baependi , Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio , 24 July 2010, F. R. G. Salimena &, P. H. Nobre 2796 ( CESJ). Barbacena , s.d., ♂, Pohl 168 ( F, NY). Belvedere , 28 September 1984, ♀, G. A. A. Silveira 16478 ( UEC). Bocaina de Minas , Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , Alto dos Brejos, 13 September 2007, ♂, G. Heiden & J. F. A. Baumgratz 847 ( RB); Morro Cavado , 30 May 1962, ♀, A. Castellanos 23340 ( GUA, LIL). Camanducaia , 15 August 1966, ♀, J. R. Coleman 431 ( SP, US); ♂, J. R. Coleman 432 ( SP, US); Carmo do Rio Claro , Fazenda Córrego Bonito , 7 September 1961, ♂, A. G. Andrade 1075 & M. Emmerich 1036 ( HB). Cambuquira , 16 October 1905, Diogo 42 ( R). Caxambu 4 October 1956, ♂, E. P. Heringer 5360 ( RB, UB); 27 November 1968, ♀, L. Monteiro 89 & M. C. Vianna 308 ( GUA, US). Conceição do Mato Dentro , 10 September 1994, bud, M. Brandão 24636 ( PAMG). Delfim Moreira , São Francisco dos Campos, Morro da Boa Vista , 7 June 1950, ♀, M. Kuhlmann 2537 ( RB). Diamantina , s.d., ♂, G. Gardner 4897 ( E, F, G, K, P, R, S, US). Itabirito , Serra de Itabirito , Morro do Cristo , 25 October 1987, ♀, Q. O. A. Carvalho s.n. ( BHCB11578 ); 13 September 1887, ♀, A. F. M. Glaziou 17069 ( P). Itabira , Serra de Itabira , 2 September 1887, ♂, Schwacke s.n. ( R). Itamonte , Parque Estadual do Papagaio , Bairro Colina , 7 November 2007, ♀, N. F. O. Mota , P. L. Viana & L. E. Andrade 933 ( BHCB); Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , 28 July 1979, ♀, S. Nunes 159 ( RB); Brejo da Lapa , 12 September 2007, ♀, G. Heiden 806 ( RB); ♂, G. Heiden 807 ( K, RB); 22 October 1998, ♂, R. L. Esteves 980 ( R), ♀, R. L. Esteves 981 ( R). Lavras , Reserva Municipal de Poço Bonito , August 1984, ♀, M. Brandão 8149 ( PAMG); 4–6 October 1978, MF, S. J. Sarti 8484- A ( MBM, UEC). Lima Duarte 19 September 2006, ♂, R. A. X. Borges 263 ( BHCB, CTES, ESA, F, K, MBM, NY, RB, SPF); Conceição do Ibitipoca , 13 September 1940, ♀, G. M. Magalhães 517 ( BHCB, HB, LP, RB, SP); Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca , 27 September 1970, ♂, L. Krieger 9284 ( CESJ, K, MBM, RB); September 1987, ♂, M. Sobral 5594 ( BHCB, G, ICN, MBM); 1 October 1970, ♂, U. C. Câmara 9459 ( CESJ, K, RB). Maria da Fé , 31 August , 1946, ♀, A. P. Duarte 244 ( G, RB). Mariana , s.d., Claussen 275 ( P); Mina de Alegria , 4 October 2006 ♀, R. C. Mota , P. L. Viana & L. E. Andrade 3198 ( BHCB); Parque Estadual do Itacolomi , Trilha da Serrinha , 17 November 2005, ♀, G. S. S. Almeida 165 ( RB). Mercês de Água Limpa , Serra do Curral , 25 July 1956, bud, L. Roth 1642 ( CESJ, RB). Ouro Branco , Serra de Ouro Branco , 1 October 1988, ♀, A. R. Miranda s.n. ( BHCB13943 ). Ouro Preto , 8 September 1947, ♀, L. Damazio s.n. ( RB56936 ); 12 November 1991, st., P. Veríssimo 872 ( PAMG); Antonio Pereira , 18 September 1996, ♀, M. B. Roschel 250 ( OUPR); 6 November 2008, ♀, S. G. Rezende 2834 ( BHCB); Cachoeira do Campo , 1857, ♀, Casaretto 2885 ( G); Campo da Caveira , July 1972, bud, J. Badini s.n. ( OUPR20097 ); Campo do Saco , 31 August 1981, ♂, H. F. Leitão Filho 1123, 1125 ( UEC); 27 August 1980, ♂, J. Y. Tamashiro 103 ( UEC); Fazenda do Taquaral , 1874, ♀, A. F. M. Glaziou 7715 ( G, S); bud, A. F. M. Glaziou 7717 ( G, K, P); Floresta Estadual do Uaimii , 1158 m, 29 January 2008, ♂, J. R. Stehmann 4874 ( BHCB); Itacolomi, August 1824, ♀, L. Riedel 415 ( NY, P); ♂, L. Riedel 419 ( NY); Parque Estadual do Itacolomi , 24 August 2005, ♂, G. S. S. Almeida 95 ( RB); 23 October 2001, ♂, M. C. T. B. Messias & V. F. Dutra 489 ( OUPR); 23 October 2001, ♀, M. C. T. B. Messias & V. F. Dutra 495 ( OUPR); 22 November 2001, ♀, M. C. T. B. Messias & V. F. Dutra 551 ( OUPR); Taquaral, 20 October 1974, ♀, M. A. Lisboa s.n. ( OUPR4122 ); Tesoureiro, January 1942, ♀, G. M. Magalhães 1040 ( HB); Veloso, 22 September 1974, ♀, M. A. Lisboa s.n. ( OUPR4129 ). Passa Quatro, Serra Fina, Campim Amarelo, 11 June 2005, ♂, L. D. Meireles 1807 ( BHCB, RB); 12 September 2006, ♂, L. D. Meireles 2507 ( BHCB, RB, UEC); 12 September 2006, ♀, L. D. Meireles 2544 ( RB); ♂, L. D. Meireles 2545 ( RB, UEC); 12 September 2006, ♂, L. D. Meireles 2546 ( RB); Serra da Mantiqueira , October 1948, ♀, J. Vidal 1935 ( R). Poços de Caldas , September 1873, ♂, H. Mosén 334 ( S); 25 September 1973, ♀, H. Mosén 586 ( S); s.d., ♂, A. F. Regnell I-218 ( C, O, P, S); Alto de Santa Cruz , 31 August 1964, ♀, O. Leoncini 104 ( R); Campo do Saco , 30 August 1965, ♂, O. Roppa 671 ( R, RB); Morro do Ferro , 19 December 1963, ♂, M. Emmerich 1636 ( R); 8 September 1964, ♂, M. Emmerich 1991 ( R); 9 September 1964, ♀, M. Emmerich 2013 ( R); ♂ & ♀, M. Emmerich 2005 ( R, RB); 26 July 1965, ♂, M. Emmerich 2480 ( R); 22 September 1981, ♀, H. F. Leitão Filho 1167 ( UEC); 14 July 1964, ♂, O. Leoncini 70 ( R, RB); 27 August 1964, ♂, O. Leoncini 125 ( B, R, RB); 10 September 1964, ♂, O. Roppa 171 ( R, RB); Pedreira de Bortolan, 8 September 1978, ♀, L. A. F. Carvalho 1033 ( MBM, RB); Seminário, 1 September 1964, ♂, O. Leoncini 118 ( R, RB). Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça, 10 September 1990, ♂, J. R. Stehmann s.n. ( BHCB18943 ); 28 September

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1987, ♂, M.B. Horta 257 (BHCB). São João del Rei, September 1846, Commissão Geographica e Geologica de Minas 1668 (R). São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, 20 October 1983, ♀, R. Guedes 481 (ECT, JE, RB, SPF); Vale dos Cândidos, 22 August 1997, ♀, J. Nakajima 2739 (F, UEC, US); ♂, J.N. Nakajima 2743 (F, US). São Sebastião do Paraíso, 12 August 1945, ♀, E. Maria 6 (E, F, ICN, K, LP, MT, P, SI, SPF, SPSF, US) ♀, E. Maria 7 (F, ICN, K, LP, MT, P, R, SI, SPF, SPSF, US); 8 September 1944, ♀, I.T. Luis 132, 135, 136, 137, 139 (F, ICN, LP, MT); 29 March 1945, ♂, I.T. Luis 144, 160, 162 (IAC, ICN, R). Tiradentes, 7 November 1952, ♀, A.P. Duarte 4077 (F, K, NY, RB). S.l., 1845, ♂, Widgren s.n. (K, R, RB110741, S, US 1403889). Três corações, September 1999, ♀, B.G. Pereira s.n. (PAMG54451). S.l., August-April 1840, ♀, P. Claussen 16 (G, NY, P); ♀, P. Claussen 255 (F, G, MO, P). PARANÁ: Adrianópolis, Parque Estadual das Lauráceas, 12 November 2007, ♂, J.M. Silva 6167 (MBM). Balsa Nova, São Luís do Purunã, 21 November 2005, ♂, J.R. Stehmann 4213 (BHCB, SP); 31 January 1985, ♂, J.M. Silva 17 (CORD, MBM, MO); 6 December 1979, ♀, L.T. Dombrowski 10772 (MBM, RB). Bocaiúva do Sul 30 October 1990, ♂, G. Hatschbach & D. Guimarães 54791 (CORD, HUEFS, MBM, SPSF, UPCB); Serra da Bocaina, 16 January 2004, ♂, O.S. Ribas, J.M. Silva & G.F. Simon 5790 (CTES, MBM, MO); ♀, O.S. Ribas, J.M. Silva & G.F. Simon 5811 (MBM); Serra Santana, 10 November 1998, ♂, J.M. Silva & L.M. Abe 2593 (C, G, HBG, MBM, US). Campina Grande do Sul, Serra do Ibitiraquire, 1 January 1997, ♂, J.M. Silva , E. Barbosa & O.S. Ribas 2039 (C, FLOR, HBG, INPA, MBM); 7 November 2003, ♂, J.M. Silva 3886 (C, G, HBG, MBM, RB); 19 October 1997, ♂, O.S. Ribas & L.B.S. Pereira 1969 (BHCB, K, MBM, NY, SP); 19 October 1997, ♀, O.S. Ribas 1971 (C, HBG, MBM); Pico Caratuva, 4 September 2006, bud, G.O. Romão & A.P.T. Dantas 1514 (ESA). Campo Largo, São Luís do Purunã, 26 November 1904, ♀, P.K.H. Dusén 13482 (E, K, NY, SI); 4 December 1949, ♂, G. Hatschbach 1634 (LIL, MBM, PACA, US). Campo Magro, Morro da Palha, 22 October 2002, ♂, J.M. Silva 3697 (BHCB, HUEFS, MBM, RB). Castro, Fundão, 2 October 1964, ♂, G. Hatschbach 11654 (MBM); 2 October 1964, ♀, G. Hatschbach 11656 (LP, MBM). Curitiba, Parque Barigui, 3 October 1995, ♂, D.J.S. Carrião & V.A.O. Dittrich s.n. (MBM206977, UEC30098, UPCB30098). Guaratuba, Usina Chaminé, 9 November 2000, ♂, E. Barbosa, J. Cordeiro & E.F. Costa 552 (BHCB, C, CESJ, CTES, ESA, G, HBG, MBM, PEL, SI, SPF, SPSF). Iporanga, Boa Vista, Furnas, 7 November 1958, ♂, G. Hatschbach 5201 (MBM). Jaguariaíva, Fazenda Samambaia, 14 October 2006, ♂, E. Barbosa, J.M. Silva & E.M. Cunha 1704 (MBM); 13 November 1974, ♂, G. Hatschbach 35457 (HBG, MBM); 22 October 1910, ♀, P.K.H. Dusén 10728 (S, US); Sertão de Cima, 18 November 1970, ♂, G. Hatschbach 25503 (MBM, UPCB). Lapa, Pedra da Gruta do Monge, 6 November 2005, ♂, R. Wasum, G. Heiden & D. Alessandretti 3104 (HUCS, MBM); 18 January 2006, ♀, R. Wasum, L. Scur & M. Sartori 3453 (ECT, HUCS); Rio Passa Dois, 23 November 1981, ♂, G. Hatschbach 44403 (GB, HBG, MBM, NY, UB, US). Morretes, Serra Marumbi, Pico Olimpo, 1400 m, 23 October 1995, ♂, O.S. Ribas, E.P. Santos & J.M. Cruz 861 (BAB, MBM). Palmeira, Fazenda Santa Rita, 10 November 2005, ♂, J.M. Silva 4452 (MBM, SPSF); Recanto dos Papagaios, 15 December 2010, st., G. Heiden 1430 (GB, ICN, JE, K, MBM, MVFA, RB, SPF, US). Piraí do Sul, Estrada do Cerne, Serra das Furnas, 26 September 1970, ♂, G. Hatschbach 24760 (C, HB, MBM, NY, UEC). Joaquim Murtinho, 18 November 1976, ♂, G. Hatschbach 39190 (MBM, NY, UEC). Ponta Grossa 27 October 1995, ♂, O.S. Ribas & J. Cordeiro 877 (BHCB, ESA, MBM, PEL); Buraco do Padre, 27 October 1995, ♀, O.S. Ribas 899 (HUEFS, MBM); Passo do Pupo, 21 November 2005, ♂, J.R. Stehmann 4217 (BHCB, SP); Buracão, 1014 m, ♀, G. Heiden et al. 1436 (BHCB, FLOR, LP, MO, SP, SPF, UEC); 27 October 1995, ♀, O.S. Ribas & E.P. Santos 899 (CTES, E, MBM, NY); Rodovia do Café, Rio Tibagi, 3 June 1975, ♂, R. Kummrow 960 (C, MBM); Vila Velha, 25 February 1908, ♂, P.K.H. Dusén 7250 (HBG). Rio Branco do Sul, 14 October 1971, ♂, L.T. Dombrowski 3748 (MBM); Curiola, 27 October 1967, ♂, G. Hatschbach 17582 (C, F, LP, MBM, NY, UPCB); 14 October 1971, ♀, L.T. Dombrowski 3666 (MBM). Tamandaré, 4 October 1912, ♂, I.G. Jönsson 1026a (F, G, S, SI, MO). RIO DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, 19 November 1876, ♀, A.F.M. Glaziou 8773 (K, P); Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, 3 November 1964, ♀, S.V. Andrade 248 (RB); 10 September 1965, ♂, S.V. Andrade 534 (RB); 29 September 1977, ♂ & ♀, J. Barire 1186 (RB); September 1933, ♂, A.C. Brade 12691 (RB); 25 August 1984, ♂, F. Cavalheiro 6 (R); 16 May 1902, bud, P.K.H. Dusén 14 (R); 11 August 2004, ♂, D.M. Ferreira 77 (RB); 20 November 1984, ♀, V.F. Ferreira 3632 (GUA); 20 September 1955, ♀, M.E.K. Fidalgo 2 (RB); 26 October 1927, ♀, A. Ginzberger 218 (F); 13 September 1994, ♂, R. Guedes 2418 (RB); s.d., ♂, J.H. Haas 620 (HB); 13 April 2008, ♀, G. Heiden 985 (ECT, K, RB); 13 April 2008, ♂, G. Heiden 986 (RB); 6 September 1970, ♂, N. Imaguire 468 (MBM); 6 May, ♂, H. Luederwaldt 16607 (SP, US); Abrigo Rebouças, 10 September 1966, ♂, J.R. Coleman 441 (SP, US); 11 October 1977, ♀, P.J.M. Maas & G. Martinelli 3184 (K, RB, US); 19 November 1980, ♀, P. Occhioni 9233 (MBM); Prateleiras, 2 September 1972, ♀, P.I.S. Braga 2575 (K, R); Registro, 23

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October 1970, ♂, A.P. Duarte 13890 (HB, NY); Retiro, 25 May 1902, ♀, P. K. H. Dusén 136 ( F, G, R, S, US) ; 27 June 1902, ♂, P. K. H. Dusén 285 ( R). Petrópolis , Araras, Pedra Maria Comprida , 10 August 1968, ♀, D. Sucre 3458 ( CTES, RB). Resende , Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , 1 November 1965, ♂, G. Eiten & L. T. Eiten 6493 ( K, RB, UB, US) ; 18 October 1977, ♀, V. F. Ferreira 178 ( RB) ; 12 September 2007, ♀, G. Heiden 812 ( K, RB); ♂, G. Heiden 813 ( RB). SANTA CATARINA: Rancho Queimado , Serra da Boa Vista, 1014 m , 14 October 2012, ♂, G. Heiden & J. R. V. Iganci 1968 ( SPF); G. Heiden & J. R. V. Iganci 1969 ( SPF). SÃO PAULO: Bananal , 23 October 1979, ♀, W. Mantovani 142 ( RB, SI, SP) ; 28 September 1994, ♂, E. A. Rodrigues 228 ( SPF, UEC). Bom Sucesso de Itararé , Fazenda São Nicolau , 13 November 1994, ♂, V. C. Souza 7171 ( ESA, K, MBM, RB, UEC). Caieiras , 22 August 1945, ♂, W. Hoehne 1505 ( RB, SPF, UEC) ; 22 August 1945, ♀, W. Hoehne 1523 ( HBR, ICN, MO, PEL, RB, SPF, UEC). Campos do Jordão 22 September 1993, MF, K. D. Barreto et al. 1232 ( ESA, UEC); Capivari , 1568 m , 18 November 2011, st., G. Heiden et al. 1814 ( SPF); Estação São Cristovão , 17 August 1974, ♂, M. Sakane 153 ( NY, SP); Parque Estadual dos Mananciais , 23 September 1991, ♂, M. J. Robim 728 ( MBM, SPSF) ; 6 September 1994, ♂, M. J. Robim & R. Evangelista 796 ( SPSF) ; 15 October 1992, ♀, S. Xavier 306 ( SPSF); ♂, S. Xavier 307 ( SPSF) ; 9 September 1991, bud, S. Xavier & E. Caetano 232 ( HUEFS, SPSF, UEC) ; 21 October 1991, ♂, S. Xavier & E. Caetano s.n. ( SPSF15575 ); Vila Matilde , 19 October 1975, bud, M. Sakane 344 ( SP). Cunha , 8 November 1976, ♂, P. E. Gibbs et al. 3436 ( E, MBM, NY, SP, UEC); Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar , 27 October 2006, ♂, M. C. Souza, M. Sobral & F. Salgueiro 472 ( RB); Serra da Bocaina , 10 October 1957, ♀, A. C. Brade 21178 ( F, G, NY, RB, US) ; September 1879, bud, Schwacke 1919 ( R). Espírito Santo do Pinhal 1 January 1895, ♂, J. Campos Novaes CGG3175 ( SP). Franco da Rocha, Parque Estadual do Juquery , 17 September 2011, ♀, G. Heiden, B. F. P. Loeuille, & C. L. Silva-Luz 1708 ( BHCB, ICN, JE, K, LP, MBM, MVFA, RB, SPF, SPSF, UB, US) . Itararé 19 October 2008, ♂, B. B. Brancalion 9 ( ESA) ; 20 October 1966, ♂, J. Mattos 13992 ( SP) ; 23 September 1989, ♂, C. A. M. Scaramuzza & V. C. Souza 479/953 ( ESA) ; 2 October 1993, bud, C. M. Sakuragui 363 ( ESA, SPF, UEC) ; 27 November 1993, ♀, V. C. Souza 4754 ( ESA); Fazenda São Nicolau , 30 October 1993, ♂, V. C. Souza 4432 ( ESA, MBM, SPF, UEC). Jundiaí , Serra do Japi , 28 August 1985, ♀, L. P. C. M. Fonzar 17776 ( IBGE, MBM, UEC) ; 18 September 2007, ♂, J. A. Lombardi 6895 ( UEC) ; 25 August 1997, ♀, F. N. Sá s.n. ( UEC91713 ) ; 22 September 1983, ♀, M. Sugiyama & S. Corrêa 15508 ( UEC). Mogi Mirim , 3 October 1947, ♀, J. Mattos s.n. ( HAS61717 ). Monte Alegre, Amparo , 20 August 1943, M. Kuhlmann 907 ( SP). São Paulo , Jaraguá , 13 September 2007, ♂, R. L. Esteves 225 ( SPSF); Moóca , 6 October 1912, ♂, A. C. Brade 5490 ( S, SP, US) . S.l., 7 September 1879, ♂, A. F. M. Glaziou 11113 ( G, K, P, US)

B. Baccharis sect. Canescentes Giuliano (2005: 535) . Type:— Baccharis helichrysoides DC.

Lanugothamnus sect. Sericicarpus Deble (2012: 13) . Type:— Lanugothamnus leucocephalus (Dusén) Deble (= Baccharis leucocephala Dusén ).

Chamaephytes; shoots whitish to canescent. Leaves green adaxially, whitish to canescent abaxially. Pappus of female florets multiseriate, accrescent.

The circumscription of Baccharis sect. Canescentes is reassessed to include only species presenting a chamaephyte life form and female florets with accrescent pappus. This circumscription result in a slightly narrower delimitation with the exclusion of B. patens , which is transferred to B. sect. Tarchonanthoides . As currently defined, B. sect. Canescentes differs minimally from the original proposition by Giuliano (2005), and comprises two series and seven species occurring in a diverse array of ecosystems in Southeastern South America, from Eastern Paraguay and Southeastern Brazil south to the province of Buenos Aires in Argentina.

IV. Baccharis ser. Gnaphalioides G.Heiden , ser. nov. Type:— Baccharis gnaphalioides Sprengel.

Differs from the type series by the male florets with lobes without long filiform trichomes. Male florets with glabrous lobes.

The new series represents a lineage of two sister species occurring in rather dry enviroments on rock outcrops and sandy soils amidst the subtropical and temperate grasslands and the coastal vegetation.

32 • Phytotaxa 241 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press

HEIDEN & PIRANI

Figures

FIGURE 15. Baccharis tarchonanthoides. A. Fertile shoot of estaminate plant. B. Leaves. C. Portion of villous peduncle. D. Male capitulum. E. Phyllaries of male capitulum (outer to inner). F. Male floret. G. Female capitulum. H. Phyllaries of female capitulum (outer to inner). I. Female floret. J. Corolla and style of female floret. K. Cypsela. A, C–F: Heiden 1968 (SPF), G–K: Heiden 1969 (SPF). B (from left to right): Heiden 1969 (SPF); Heiden 1708 (SPF); Heiden 1430 (SPF); Borges 263 (RB); Heiden 812 (SPF); Silva 17 (MBM). Illustration by João Iganci.

FIGURE 16. Baccharis tarchonanthoides. A. Habitat and habit in the high altitude tropical grasslands at Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. B. Habit in the tropical savannas at Parque Estadual do Juquery, Franco da Rocha, São Paulo, Brazil. C. Female capitulescence. D. Male capitula. E. Female capitula. Photos by G. Heiden.