Halipeurus diversus ( Kellogg, 1896 )

Palma, Ricardo L., 2011, New taxa, new synonymies and new host records in the louse genus Halipeurus (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) parasitic on petrels (Aves: Procellariiformes), Zootaxa 3017, pp. 1-45 : 32-34

Halipeurus diversus ( Kellogg, 1896)

Lipeurus diversus Kellogg, 1896: 123 , pl. 8, fig. 3, 4. Type host: Puffinus opisthomelas Coues, 1864 (in error). Syntypes Ƥ in USNM & CISC.

Lipeurus limitatus Kellogg, 1896: 124 , pl. 8, fig. 5, 6. Type host: Puffinus griseus (Gmelin, 1789) . Syntypes nymphs in USNM & Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas.

Esthiopterum constrictiventre Pessôa & Guimarães, 1935: 313 , fig. 6, 7. Type host: Pterodroma macroptera (Smith, 1840) (in error). Holotype 3 in Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.

Halipeurus hanaki Balát, 1958: 415 . Type host: Puffinus yelkouan (Acerbi, 1827) . Syntypes Ƥ, repository unknown.

Halipeurus diversus ; Hopkins & Clay,1952: 163.

Halipeurus diversus ; Timmermann, 1961: 408, fig. 6.

Halipeurus (Halipeurus) diversus ; Edwards, 1961: 142, figs 3F– 7F.

Halipeurus (Halipeurus) diversus ; Timmermann, 1965: 142, fig. 83.

Halipeurus (Halipeurus) diversus ; Price et al., 2003: 187.

MATERIAL EXAMINED

Non-types

Ex Puffinus griseus (Gmelin, 1789) : 12Ƥ, Pacific Grove, California, U.S.A., Aug. 1896, V. Kellogg. ( CISC); 23, Nova Scotia, Canada, 24 Jun. 1927, O.L. Austin ( USNM); 23, 2Ƥ, Antipodes Is, N.Z., 4 Nov. 1950, R.A. Falla ( MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Lyall Bay, Wellington, N.Z., 12 May 1954, K.J. Brownie ( MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Big South Cape I., Stewart Is, N.Z., 25 Jan. 1955, B.A. Holloway ( MONZ); 23, Lake Forsyth, N.Z., 30 Nov. 1958, J.R. Jackson ( CMNZ); 2Ƥ, Waimairi Beach, Canterbury, N.Z., 4 Nov. 1961, R.L.C. Pilgrim ( RLCP; CMNZ); 23, 1Ƥ, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A., 4 Apr. 1964, C. Christoan ( BPBM); 23, 3Ƥ, at sea, Pacific Ocean, 2o35’N- 174o34’W, 17 May 1965, POBSP 4148 ( USNM); 83, 5Ƥ, at sea, Pacific Ocean, 2o32’N- 174o42’W, 17 May 1965, POBSP 4130, 4131, 4134,4149, 4150 ( USNM); 13, 2Ƥ, at sea, Pacific Ocean, 3o10’N- 178o45’W, 23 May 1965, POBSP 4136 ( USNM); 13, 1Ƥ, Big South Cape I., Stewart Is, N.Z., 9 Nov. 1968, J.S. Dugdale & J.C. Watt ( NZAC); 43, Reef Point, Antipodes Is, N.Z., 17 Feb. 1969, G. Kuschel ( MONZ; NZAC); 13, 1Ƥ, Big South Cape I., Stewart Is, N.Z., Feb. 1969, L.J. Dumbleton ( NZAC); 13, Taylor's Mistake, Canterbury, N.Z., 3 May 1969, B.N. Norris ( RLCP); 63, 6Ƥ, Waipara River mouth, Canterbury, N.Z., 11 May 1969, R.L. Sparrow ( RLCP); 43, Wellington, N.Z., 11 May 1969, M. Harrison ( RLCP); 23, 1Ƥ, Lake Ellesmere, Canterbury, N.Z., 15 May 1970, C.J. Burrows ( RLCP); 13, 1Ƥ, Motukiekie Rocks, Greymouth, N.Z., 12 Dec. 1970, J.R. Jackson ( RLCP); 23, 1Ƥ, Snares Is, N.Z., 15 Dec. 1970, O.R. Wilkes & C.J. Wilson ( RLCP); 13, Bahía Crossley, Staten I., Argentina, 26 Apr. 1971 ( USNM); 1Ƥ, Bahía Capitán Cánepa, Staten I., Argentina, 1 May 1971 ( USNM); 33, 3Ƥ, Stewart I., N.Z., 11 May 1971, G. Fenwick ( RLCP); 1Ƥ, Lyttelton Harbour, Banks Peninsula, N.Z., 16 May 1971, B.N. Norris ( RLCP); 33, 1Ƥ, New Brighton, Christchurch, N.Z., J.R. Jackson, 24 Oct. 1971 ( MONZ; RLCP); 13, Snares Is, N.Z., 5 Feb. 1972, D.S. Horning ( MONZ); 13, Biological Station, Snares Is, N.Z., 3 Mar. 1972, C.J. Horning ( RLCP); 33, 2Ƥ, Christchurch, N.Z., 29 Apr. 1972, B.N. Norris ( MONZ; RLCP); 53, 3Ƥ, Thorndon, Wellington, N.Z., 14 Mar. 1974, Wildlife Dept ( MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Taiaroa Head, Dunedin, N.Z., 6 May 1974, A. Wright ( NZAC); 33, 3Ƥ, Pinehaven, Hutt Valley, N.Z., 8 May 1974, D.J. Campbell ( MONZ); 23, Ohope Beach, Bay of Plenty, N.Z., 19 Jun. 1974, N.R. Hellyer ( MONZ); 1Ƥ, Station Cove, Snares Is, N.Z., 18 Dec. 1974, C.J. Horning ( RLCP); 13, Biological Station, Snares Is, N.Z., 31 Dec. 1974, C.J. Horning ( RLCP); 33, 3Ƥ, Otago Peninsula, N.Z., 1 Mar. 1975, A. Wright ( MONZ); 73, 2Ƥ, Mollymawk Bay, Snares Is, N.Z., 26 Nov. 1976, D.S. Horning ( MONZ); 13, 3Ƥ, Muttonbird Creek, Snares Is, N.Z., 11 Feb. 1977, D.S. Horning ( MONZ); 63, 6Ƥ, Stokes Valley, N.Z., 6 May 1977, Wildlife Dept ( MONZ); 13, 3Ƥ, Eastbourne, Wellington, N.Z., May 1977, W.H. Gibbs ( MONZ); 13, Taylor's Mistake, Canterbury, N.Z., 1 May 1978, B.N. Norris ( RLCP); 33, 3Ƥ, Waimairi Beach, Canterbury, N.Z., 5 May 1982, G. Taylor ( MONZ); 13, 2Ƥ, Isla Guamblin, Magallanes Province, Chile, 30 Oct. 1983, G. Clark, “ Totorore Expedition” ( MONZ); 43, 8Ƥ, Montrose, Scotland, 11 Feb. 1987, B. Zonfrillo ( MONZ); 63, 6Ƥ, Bill Baileys Bank, 60o30’N- 11o00’W, Faroe Is, 20 Sep. 1996, J.-K. Jensen ( MONZ; NHTF); 53, 5Ƥ, Bill Baileys Bank, Faroe Is, 14 Aug. 1997, J.-K. Jensen ( MONZ; NHTF).

Ex Puffinus tenuirostris (Temminck, 1836) : 2Ƥ, Rat I., Alaska, U.S.A., 20 Jun. 1937, V.B. Schaeffer ( USNM); 13, 1Ƥ, Fisher I., Bass Strait, Australia, 1 Jan. 1953 ( ANIC); 1Ƥ, Castlepoint, Wairarapa, N.Z., 23 Jul. 1956, F. Abernethy ( MONZ); 23, 67 o38’N- 165o45’W, Alaska, U.S.A., 20 Aug. 1960 ( BPBM; KCEM); 13, 1Ƥ, Fisher I., Bass Strait, Australia, 27 Nov. 1961 ( ANIC); 13, Pacific Ocean, 22 Nov. 1964 ( USNM); 33, 5Ƥ, South Beach, Greymouth, N.Z., 30 Oct. 1968, T.H. Smith ( MONZ); 2Ƥ, Auckland, N.Z., Oct. 1974, C. Smith ( MONZ); 83, 4Ƥ, Waimairi Beach, Canterbury, N.Z., 8 Nov. 1975, J.R. Jackson ( MONZ; RLCP); 13, St Kilda, Dunedin, N.Z., 7 May 1977, L.C. Esler ( RLCP); 43, 4Ƥ, Wellington west coast, N.Z., 17 Mar. 1979, N McKenzie ( MONZ; YIOJ); 53, 5Ƥ, Palliser Bay, N.Z., 25 Oct. 1979, D. Sim ( MONZ; YIOJ); 1Ƥ, Sleaford Dist., South Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, 19 Apr. 1983, C. Gill ( KCEM); 2Ƥ, Macquarie I., Australia, 1984–1985, T. Scarborough ( QVTA); 63, 2Ƥ, Waitarere Beach, Manawatu, N.Z., 8 May 1986, D.M. Stracy ( MONZ); 13, Park Beach, Tasmania, Australia, 11 Jan. 1989, A. Cupit ( TMTA); 53, 4Ƥ, Vanua Belavu I., Northern Lau Group, Fiji Is, 3 Jan. 1994, G. Wragg ( MONZ); 1Ƥ, Straham, Australia, 28 Dec. 2000, R.W. Furness ( MONZ).

Ex Puffinus puffinus (Brünnich, 1764) : 13, 4Ƥ, South Atlantic Ocean, 1912–1913, R.C. Murphy ( USNM); 13, 1Ƥ, Pukerua Bay, Wellington, N.Z., 26 Jun. 1972, T.L.C. Symms ( MONZ); 43, 4Ƥ, Rhum I., Hebrides Is, Scotland, 20 Apr. 1984, B. Zonfrillo ( MONZ); 33, 3Ƥ, Waikanae Beach, Wellington, N.Z., 25 Jan. 1985, B.A.J.D. Tennyson ( MONZ); 53, 5Ƥ, Rhum I., Hebrides Is, Scotland, Sep. 1985, R. Furness ( MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Rhum I., Hebrides Is, Scotland, 29 Sep. 1985, B. Zonfrillo ( MONZ); 13, Skerryvore, Scotland, Jul. 1986, B. Zonfrillo ( MONZ); 1Ƥ, Madeira I., North Atlantic Ocean, 7 Jul. 1987, F. Zino ( MONZ); 63, 6Ƥ, Skerryvore, Scotland, May 1988, B. Zonfrillo ( MONZ); 53, 5Ƥ, Skúvoy, Faroe Is, 10 Sep. 1996, J.-K. Jensen ( MONZ; NHTF); 43, 4Ƥ, Otaki Beach, Wellington, N.Z., 12 Jul. 2002, E. Horn ( MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Madeira I., North Atlantic Ocean, no date ( MONZ); 2Ƥ, Strait of Bosphorus, no date ( MONZ).

Ex Puffinus yelkouan (Acerbi, 1827) : 23, Island of Malta, Mediterranean Sea, Dec. 1863 ( MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Sicilia, Italy, 28 Jul. 1898 ( MONZ); 63, 8Ƥ, Isla Marettimo, off Sicilia, Italy, 8 Jul. 1923 ( MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Tunis, 1923, Whitaker Coll. ( MONZ); 33, 2Ƥ, Akrotiri, Cyprus, 26 Aug. 1969 ( MONZ); 93, 9Ƥ, Catalky, near Kyrenia, Cyprus, 14 Jul. 1996, A. Kelly ( MONZ).

Ex Puffinus mauretanicus Lowe, 1921: 93 , 2Ƥ, Málaga, Spain, 30 Jan. 1877 (MONZ); 5Ƥ, La Mola, Isla Formentera, Baleares Is, Spain, 19 May 1950 (MONZ); 23, 3Ƥ, Algeria, 24 Feb. 1973 (MONZ); 33, 3Ƥ, Ericeira Sea, Portugal, 23 Jun. 1975, C. Pinto (MONZ); 63, 6Ƥ, Isla Tagomago, Baleares Is, Spain, 9 Jun. 1995, J.S. Aguilar G. (MONZ); 63, 6Ƥ, Llumeta, Isla Cabrera, Baleares Is, Spain, 21 Jun. 1995, J.S. Aguilar G. (MONZ); 43, 4Ƥ, Blanquer, Conills I., off Isla Cabrera, Baleares Is, Spain, 3 Jul. 1996, J.S. Aguilar G. (MONZ); 43, 2Ƥ, Villanova, Spain, 2 Jun. 2008, E. Soldaat (MONZ).

Ex Puffinus assimilis boydi Mathews, 1912: 33 , Rombos I., Cape Verde Is, 25 Nov. 1897, B. Alexander, N.M.18667 (MONZ); 1Ƥ, Raso I., Cape Verde Is, 16o37’N- 24o36’W, 1 Apr. 1999, R.W. Furness (MONZ). Ex Puffinus assimilis baroli (Bonaparte, 1857) : 13, 2Ƥ, Porto Santo I., Madeira Is, North Atlantic Ocean, 7 Feb. 1893 (MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Stockport, Chesire, England, 12 May 1958 (NHML 1958-277); 13, 1Ƥ, Bugio I., Desertas Is, North Atlantic Ocean, Oct. 1989, F. Zino (MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Selvagem Grande I., Selvagems Is, North Atlantic Ocean, Aug. 1992, F. Zino (MONZ); 1Ƥ, Selvagem Grande I., Selvagems Is, North Atlantic Ocean, 1 Sep. 1997, R.W. Furness (MONZ); 23, 1Ƥ, Vila, Santa María I., Azores Is, North Atlantic Ocean, 27 Aug. 2003, E. Gómez Díaz (MONZ). New host record.

DISCUSSION: Edwards (1961: 143) identified five males and 13 females from Puffinus assimilis boydi (as “ Puffinus l’hermineiri boydi ”) ex Cape Verde Islands as Halipeurus diversus , while Timmermann (1961: 410) identified material from P. a. boydi as H. intestatus (= H. spadix spadix ). My examination of three males and one female from P. a. boydi (see above) agrees with Edwards’s identification. This host-louse association was not included in Price et al. (2003).

Edwards (1961: 146) identified two males and four females collected from Puffinus assimilis baroli near Porto Santo ( Madeira Islands) as Halipeurus taxosetus , a species now regarded as a junior synonym of H. spadix spadix (see above). However, my identification of the specimens listed above under P. assimilis baroli , including some from Madeira Islands, show that they are Halipeurus diversus .

Austin et al. (2004: 859, Table 3) placed Puffinus boydi and P. b a ro l i as subspecies of P. lherminieri based on a molecular phylogeny of the Puffinus lherminieri – assimilis complex. If the phylogeny proposed by Austin et al. (2004) is correct, and considering that these two petrels are parasitised by Halipeurus diversus , there must have been a host switch of H. diversus from one of its Atlantic Ocean hosts onto the ancestor of P. a. b o y d i and P. a. baroli , which replaced their ancestral Halipeurus spadix lineage.