CICHLIDAE

Sánchez, Alberto J., Álvarez-Pliego, Nicolás, Espinosa-Pérez, Héctor, Florido, Rosa, Macossay-Cortez, Alberto, Barba, Everardo, Salcedo, Miguel Ángel & Garrido-Mora, Arturo, 2019, Species richness of urban and rural fish assemblages in the Grijalva Basin floodplain, southern Gulf of Mexico, Cybium 43 (3), pp. 239-254 : 252

CICHLIDAE

1a. Anal fin with 3 spines................................2 1b. Anal fin with more than 4 spines........................4

2a. Dorsal fin spines 17; caudal fin with vertical stripes; lower gill rakers 20-26................ Oreochromis niloticus ( Fig. 4.10 ) 2b. Dorsal fin spines 15-16; caudal fin without vertical stripes....3

3a. Lower gill rakers 14-20; dorsal fin rays 10-13; jaws of mature males enlarged................... Oreochromis mossambicus 3b. Lower gill rakers 18-26; dorsal fin rays 12-15........................................... Oreochromis aureus ( Fig. 3.8 )

4a. Mouth extremely protractile, a maximum protrusion (from the posterior edge of the eye) greater than 14 % of SL; ascending process of premaxilla extends behind the eyes.................................................... Petenia splendida ( Fig. 2.6 ) 4b. Mouth protractile, maximum protrusion <10.0 % of SL; ascending process of premaxilla rarely extends behind the eyes........................................................5

5a. Bases of soft dorsal and anal fins without scales............6 5b. Base of dorsal and anal fins with scales...................8

6a. Gill rakers 10-14; anal fin spine VI-VIII................................................ Thorichthys helleri ( Fig. 3.10 ) 6b. Gill rakers 14-22; anal fin spine VIII-IX..................7

7a. Scales in the upper lateral line with a dark spot; black blotch in caudal fin base; gill rakers 18-22....................................................... Thorichthys pasionis ( Fig. 3.12 ) 7b. No spots on lateral line scales or on caudal fin base; black blotch conspicuous in subopercular; gill rakers 14-18.............................................. Thorichthys meeki ( Fig. 3.11 )

8a. Lower jaw more prominent than upper jaw, angle reaches or exceeds anterior edge of eye; a pair of large pointed teeth in the upper jaw and two pairs in the lower jaw....................9 8b. Jaws equal or subequal, the angle rarely reaches the anterior edge of the eye........................................10

9a. Body side with irregular 8-9 dark bars from the eye to the base of the caudal fin; gill rakers 8-13................................................. Parachromis friedrichsthalii ( Fig. 4.12 ) 9b. Body side with a discontinuous dark band from the eye to the base of the caudal fin; gill rakers 14-17............................................... Parachromis managuensis (Fig. 13)

10a. Gill rakers on first arch 17-20; vertical bars narrow 8-9; pectoral fin extended to the base of anal fin; dorsal fin XV-XVI,11-12; anal fin VI,8-9............... Cribroheros robertsoni ( Fig. 4.8 ) 10b. Gill rakers on the first arch 7-15......................11

11a. Spatulated teeth; deep and rounded body; dorsal fin XVI,14; anal fin V,10.................. Cincelichthys pearsei ( Fig. 4.7 ) 11b. Conical teeth; oval or oblong body....................12

12a. Ocellated spot on the caudal fin base above the lateral line; body usually oblong...................................13 12b. Present or absent ocellated spot on the caudal fin base, but not above lateral line; body usually oval.......................15

13a. Anal fin spines VI,9; dorsal fin XVII,11; with 7 dark vertical bars on sides of the body.... Mayaheros urophthalmus ( Fig. 4.9 ) 13b. Anal fin spines VII-IX; longitudinal bands on the body.....14

14a. Two irregular bands along the mid-dorsal of the body; an ocellus in dorsal fin of mature females........................................................ Trichromis salvini ( Fig. 3.13 ) 14b. Lateral stripe extending from the snout to a blotch on midbody; with 8 vertical bars in the side, metallic blue spots on the body........................... Rocio octofasciata ( Fig. 3.9 ) 15a. Dark bars and small spots across sides of the body; pectoral fin reaches or exceeds the origin of the anal fin; gill rakers broad and short in their base.............. Oscura heterospila ( Fig. 4.11 ) 15b. Dark inferior band from the caudal base, which may extend to the anterior part of the body.............................16 16a. Dark inferior band from caudal base to one-half length of the body; the pectoral fin does not reach the origin of the anal fin; gill raker slender and moderately long; oval body................................................. Vieja melanurus ( Fig. 4.15 ) 16b. Two dark band from caudal region; one from caudal base to region head for below lateral line, and the second on upper flank; gill rakers elongated, broad at base; slightly oblong body........................................ Vieja bifasciata ( Fig. 4.14 )

Figures

Figure 2. – Fish distributed in the Vil- lahermosa city and rural areas in the Grijalva floodplain. 1 – Atractosteus tropicus, 2 – Megalops atlanticus, 3 – Ctenopharyngodon idella, 4 – Cypri- nus carpio, 5 – Brycon guatemalensis, and 6 – Petenia splendida.

Figure 3. – Fish distributed in the Villahermosa city and rural areas in the Grijalva floodplain. 1 – Anchoa mitchilli, 2 – Brevoortia gunteri, 3 – Hyphessobrycon compressus, 4 – Batrachoides goldmani, 5 – Dormitator maculatus, 6 – Eleotris amblyopsis, 7 – Gobiomorus dormi- tor, 8 – Oreochromis aureus, 9 – Rocio octofasciata, 10 – Thorichthys helleri, 11 – T. meeki, 12 – T. pasionis, 13 – Trichromis salvini, 14 – Atherinella alvarezi, 15 – Cynodonichthys tenuis, 16 – Belonesox belizanus, 17 – Carlhubbsia kidderi, 18 – Gambusia sexradiata, 19 – G. yucatana, 20 – Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus, 21 – Heterophallus echeagarayi, 22 – Phallichthys fairweatheri, 23 – Poecilia kykesis, 24 – P. mexicana. 25 – Xiphophorus maculatus, 26 – Achirus lineatus, and 27 – Microphis lineatus.

Figure 4. – Fish distributed in the Villahermosa city and rural areas in the Grijalva floodplain. 1 – Dorosoma anale, 2 – D. petenense, 3 – Astyanax finitimus, 4 – Pterygoplichthys spp., 5 – Cathorops aguadulce, 6 – Rhamdia guatemalensis, 7 – Cincelichthys pearsei, 8 – Cribro- heros robertsoni, 9 – Mayaheros urophthalmus, 10 – Oreochromis niloticus. 11 – Oscura heterospila, 12 – Parachromis friedrichsthalii, 13 – Parachromis managuensis, 14 – Vieja bifasciata, 15 – V. melanurus, 16 – Hyporhamphus mexicanus, 17 – Strongylura hubbsi, 18 – Ophisternon aenigmaticum, 19 – Centropomus undecimalis, 20 – Diapterus auratus, and 21 – Eugerres mexicanus.