Cissampelos tropaeolifolia DC., Syst. Nat.

Sousa, Julio dos Santos de & Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro, 2022, Cissampelos (Menispermaceae) in the state of Pará, Brazil, Iheringia, Série Botânica (e 2022004) 77, pp. 1-9 : 8-9

Cissampelos tropaeolifolia DC., Syst. Nat. 1:532. 1817.

( Fig. 2 G-I)

Liana, 1.5–10 m tall; stem voluble, sericeous or hirsute; rhytidome brown, striate. Petiole 4.2–5.7 × 0.75–1 mm, subcylindrical, canaliculate, peltate (inserted 6–16 mm from the base), sericeous or hirsute; pulvinus twisted only in the proximal region. Leaf blade 5.6–7.8 × 5.3–8.1 cm, peltate, cordiform or oval, membranous, flat, adaxial surface sericeous or pubescent, abaxial surface sericeous; apex acute or mucronate; base entire or bilobed, cordate, rounded or truncate; margin crenulate, not revolute, sericeous. Venation suprabasal actinodromous, primary veins 7–12, plinerved; secondary veins diverging from the lower third of the blade; tertiary veins reticulate. Staminate inflorescences racemose or paniculiform, axillary. Pistillate inflorescences racemose, axillary. Staminate bracts 0.3–1.5 × 0.2–2 cm, elliptic, sericeous. Pistillate bracts 0.3–1.5 × 0.4–1.9 cm, cordiform or reniform, puberulent only on the margins. Staminate flowers with white or cream perianth; sepals 4, 0.8–2 × 0.4–1.3 mm, spatulate or obovate, glabrous; corolla 0.8–1.2 × 0.9–1.5 mm, cupuliform, glabrous; stamens connate, forming a claviform or terete synandrium (0.1–0.6 mm long), anthers 4. Pistillate flowers with greenish to yellowish perianth; sepal 0.5–2.5 × 0.5–1.5 mm, cucullate or suborbicular, sericeous; petal 0.3–1 × 0.3–0.9 mm, obovate or suborbicular, glabrous; ovary 0.5–0.8 × 0.4–0.6 mm, gibbous, sparsely strigose; stigma narrow-triangular. Drupes 0.5–0.8 × 0.4–0.7 cm, obovoid, red, sparsely sericeous; endocarp with lateral and dorsoventral, tuberculate projections.

Examined material: BRAZIL, PARÁ, Conceição do Araguaia , west of Redenção, near São João stream, 12.II.1980 , fl. & Fr., T. Plowman et al. 8755 ( IAN, MG, NY); Faro , floodplain of Araucaru, 21. I.1920, fl., A. Ducke 5354 ( RB); Oriximiná , left bank of the Rio Jamundá, 18. I.1968, fr., M. Silva 1209 ( MG).

Additional examined material: BRAZIL, ACRE, Brasiléia, Basin of Rio Acre, tributary of Rio Purus , 22.X.1977, fl., D. C . Daly 9703 ( NY); Sena Madureira, Basin of Rio Purus , Nova Olinda farm, 21.X.1993, fr., M . Silveira et al. 562 (INPA, NY) ; Xapuri, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve , 07. XII .1993, fl., C. Figueiredo 173 ( NY); Xapuri, Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve , Seringal Pimentiera road, 14. I .2002, fl. & fr., M. Alves et al. 2372 ( NY) .

Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela (MBG 2019, Rhodes 1975, Teixeira & Amorim 2012). In Brazil, this species occurs in Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Pernambuco, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, in the Amazonia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, Pampa and Pantanal phytogeographic domains ( BFG 2015, Teixeira & Amorim 2012). The species is here reported for the first time for the state of Pará.

Cissampelos tropaeolifolia can be vegetatively recognized by its leaves with a crenulate margin and sericeous abaxial surface. During its reproductive phase, this species is easily distinguished by its pistillate flowers with a cucullate or suborbicular sepal and sparsely strigose ovary and sericeous drupes.

Figures

Figura 2. Species of Cissampelos in Pará state, Brazil. A-C. Cissampelos ovalifolia: A. branch with staminate flowers; B. staminate flower; C. pistillate flower. D-F. Cissampelos parreira: D. branch with pistillate inflorescences; E. staminate flower; F. pistillate flower. G-I. Cissampelos tropaeolifolia: G. branch with pistillate inflorescences; H. staminate flower; I. pistillate flower.