Synergus laeviventris ( Osten-Sacken, 1861 )

Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2021, The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species, Zootaxa 4906 (1), pp. 1-121 : 58

Synergus laeviventris ( Osten-Sacken, 1861)

Synophrus laeviventris Osten Sacken, 1861 . Proc. Entomol. Soc. Phil. 1: 57. Type material: MCZ.

Synergus laeviventris: Osten-Sacken (1865) . Proc. Entomol. Soc. Phil. 4: 375.

Diagnosis. See Lobato-Vila et al. (2020c: 19).

Distribution. USA: Washington D.C. ( Osten-Sacken 1861; Burks 1979), Colorado, and Michigan ( Gillette 1896).

Biology. Reared from galls of Amphibolips confluenta ( Harris, 1841) on Q. rubra ( Osten-Sacken 1861) ; from galls of Amphibolips quercusspongifica ( Osten-Sacken, 1862) , Atrusca quercuscentricola ( Osten-Sacken, 1861) , as well as from an unnamed gall on Q. falcata described by Osten-Sacken (1861) ( Osten-Sacken 1865); and from galls of Disholcaspis rubens ( Gillette, 1893) and D. quercusglobulus ( Fitch, 1859) ( Gillette 1896) .

Remarks. The type material of Synergus laeviventris was examined and the species was redescribed and illustrated by Lobato-Vila et al. (2020c: 19).

The host plant is not mentioned neither for Amphibolips quercusspongifica , Atrusca quercuscentricola , Disholcaspis rubens nor D. quercusglobulus . However, and according to Burks (1979), A. quercusspongifica is associated with oaks of the Lobatae section ( Q. coccinea , Q. marilandica , and Q. velutina ); Atrusca quercuscentricola , with Q. stellata ; Disholcaspis rubens , with some species of oaks from Quercus section ( Q. arizonica , Q. x undulata , Q. gambelii , Q. oblongifolia , Q. rugosa , Q. turbinella , and Q. toumeyi ); and D. quercusglobulus , with oaks from Quercus section ( Q. alba , Q. prinoides , and ‘ Q. prinus ’).