Entomobrya uai, Viana & Morais & Cipola, 2022

Viana, Stéphanie Dos Santos, Morais, José Wellington De & Cipola, Nikolas Gioia, 2022, A new species of Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 (Collembola, Entomobryidae, Entomobryinae) from Brazil, including new records of E. barbata Siqueira & Bellini, 2020, Zootaxa 5155 (2), pp. 261-279 : 262-274

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5155.2.5
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:396DA8C2-725B-481F-A1F1-78B07DE8F75C
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6678080
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF2701-B92A-FFE8-A5DA-F8AFA3ACD482
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Entomobrya uai
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Entomobrya uai View in CoL sp. nov. Viana & Cipola

Figs 1–9 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURES 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 , 11 View FIGURE 11 and Table 1 View TABLE 1

Diagnosis. Th II–Abd III with triangle-shaped spot of dark pigment and Abd IV with some depigmented anterior areas and a broad dark spot posteriorly ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ); antennae subequal or longer than the trunk ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ); Ant IV apical bulb bilobed ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ); prelabral chaetae clearly ciliate ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 ); head macrochaetotaxy with 5–7 ‘An’, 4 ‘A’, 4 ‘M’, 7–8 ‘S’, 1 ‘Ps’, 4 ‘Pa’, 2–3 extra mac, 2 ‘Pm’, 4 ‘Pp’, and 3 ‘Pe’ mac ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ); inner labral papillae rounded and outer papillae straight ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ); labial papilla E l.p. finger-shaped and not reaching the base of a.a. ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ); Th II internally with 1 anterior, 4–6 median (m1, m2–2i, m4i–4p) and 12–21 posterior mac; Th III–Abd III with 15–21, 7–8, 5 and 1 inner mac (from the center until a5), respectively; Abd IV with 9–13 inner mac and 20–21 outer mac ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 5 ); unguiculus ai lamella truncate (almost excavate) ( Figs 6B View FIGURE 6 , 7E View FIGURE 7 ); manubrial plate with 9–13 chaetae and 3 psp ( Fig. 9B View FIGURE 9 ); mucronal teeth subequal and basal spine not reaching the apex of the proximal tooth ( Fig. 9C View FIGURE 9 ).

Type Material. Holotype female on slide ( INPA-CLL 0000197 ): Brazil, Minas Gerais state, Carmo do Rio Claro municipality, Riparian Forest of the “Furnas” dam, near to “Presidente Tancredo Neves” road, 20°55’19.3”S, 46°08’00.8”W ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 ), 784 m., 24.xii.2020 – 28.ii.2021, malaise trap, DG Pádua coll. GoogleMaps 72 paratypes: 2 males and 9 females on slides and 14 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL 0000198-209 ) and 1 male and 1 female on slides ( CC / UFRN): same date as holotype; GoogleMaps 2 males and 5 females on slides and 40 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL 0000210- 217 ) plus 4 females on slides ( CC / UFRN): Capitólio municipality, “Pousada do Rio Turvo”, woods near the stream, 20°38’54.8”S, 46°13’35.6”W ( Fig.11 View FIGURE 11 ), 783 m., 20.xii.2019 – 09.i.2020, Malaise trap, DG Pádua coll. GoogleMaps

Other examined material. 2 males, 1 female and 3 juveniles on slides and 2 specimens in alcohol ( INPA): Brazil, Distrito Federal , Brasília municipality, “Lira” farm in rural area of Tabatinga, 15°49’57”S, 47°31’05”W ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 ), 904 m GoogleMaps ., 21-22.xii.2014, Pitfall trap, MBCS Graça coll. 1 specimen in alcohol ( INPA): idem, except 11- 12.ix.2014 .

Description. Total length (head + trunk) of specimens 1.96–2.23 mm (n=4), holotype 2.07 mm. Specimens pale yellowish or white with dark pigments on Ant I–IV distally, Ant I basis and one lateral dark spot; head anteriorly with irregular spots; postocellar region to Abd I border with one longitudinal dark strip; Th II to Abd III dorsally with one central triangle-shaped dark spot which extends in irregular spots until the Abd VI; Abd IV laterally and coxae I–III with small irregular spots; femur I–III distally and proximally, plus distal tibiotarsus I–III weakly pigmented; eyepatches black ( Figs 2A–B View FIGURE 2 ). Body typically unscaled, with mic and mes abruptly ciliate; mac finely ciliate, apically acuminate or foot-shaped, short or elongated ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ).

Head. Antenna subequal to longer than the trunk length ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ), ratio antennae: trunk = 1.26–1.10: 1 (n=3), holotype 1.14: 1; antennal ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.13–1.33: 1.02–1.11: 1.69–1.83 (n=4), holotype 1: 1.33: 1.11: 1.73. Ant IV not annulated, distally with an apical bulb apically bilobed and 1 lateral pin projection, 2 smaller subapical finger-shaped sens, numerous sens of different lengths and smooth and ciliate chaetae ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Ant III organ with 2 finger-shaped sens, 3 guard sens, at least 8 extra sens and ciliate chaetae ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ). Ant II dorsally with 6 foot-shaped mac, ventrally 3 mac apically acuminate ( Figs 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Ant I dorsally with 6–8 foot-shaped mac and 2 smooth mic at base ( Fig. 5B View FIGURES 5 ). Eyes 8+8 ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ), A and B larger, G and H slightly smaller and with 6 interocular mes (q, v, s, p, r, t); head dorsal chaetotaxy ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ) with 5–7 ‘An’ (An1a–3), 4 ‘A’ (A0, A2–3, A5), 4 ‘M’ (M1–4), 7–8 ‘S’ (S0–7), 1 ‘Ps’ (Ps2), 4 ‘Pa’ (Pa1–3, Pa5), 2–3 extra mac, 2 ‘Pm’ (Pm1, Pm3), 4 ‘Pp’ (Pp1–3, Pp5), and 3 ‘Pe’ (Pe2–3, Pe5) mac. Clypeal formula with 4 (l1–2), 9–11 (f), 5–9 (pf 0–4) ciliate chaetae, l1–2 longer and apically acuminate, 3–5 f and 2 pf smaller, others subequal ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 ). Four prelabral chaetae clearly ciliated ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 ). Labral formula with 4 (a1–2), 5 (m0–2), 5 (p0–2) smooth chaetae, a1 not thicker, p0–2 longer, others subequal ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 ). Four labral papillae, inner papillae apically rounded and outer papillae apically straight, both smooth and devoid of projections and filaments ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Labial papilla E l.p. finger-shaped, apically thinner and not reaching the base of a.a. ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Maxillary palp with t.a. and b.c. smooth, b.c. 1.13 longer than t.a.; sublobal plate with 3 inner appendages plus 1 small distal appendix ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ). Basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae a1–5 smooth, M1–2, R, E, L1–2 ciliate, M2 (present or absent) and R smaller ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ). Labium with 5 proximal chaetae subequal and smooth ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ). Cephalic groove with 9 surrounding ciliate chaetae of different length; postlabial formula with 4 (G1–4), 3 (X 2, X, X4), 4 (H1–4) chaetae plus 4 mes between these series ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ).

Thorax chaetotaxy ( Fig. 5A View FIGURES 5 ). Th II a, m and p series (excluding anterior collar) with about 1 (a5), 4–6 (m1, m2–2i, m4, 4i, 4p) and 13–22 mac (p1–p5) mac, respectively. Th III a, m and p series with 7–8 (a1 –a7), 4 (m5i– 6e) and 12–17 (p1–p3, p5–6) and 1 of uncertain homology) mac, respectively. Ratio Th II: III = 1.35–1.14: 1 (n=3), holotype 1.35: 1.

Abdomen chaetotaxy ( Figs 5B–C View FIGURES 5 ). Abd I a, m and p series with 2–3 (a2–3, a5) 5–6 (m2i–5) and 1–0 (p6) mac, respectively. Abd II a, m and p series with 1 (a2), 5 (m3–3ea, m5) and 1–0 (p5) mac, respectively. Abd III a, m and p series 0, 3 (m3, am6, pm6) and 1 (p6) mac, respectively. Abd IV with 9–13 inner mac in A–C series (A2, A5a–5p, A6, Si, Ae7, B2, B4–6, Sm, C1) and 20–21 lateral mac of T–Fe series (T7, D3–3p, E2p–4, Ee2?, Ee8, Ee10–11, F1a–3p, Fe1?, De3? and one of uncertain homology); 14 inner sens (as and ps type I, others type II) and 9 posterior mes. Abd V a, m, pa and p series with 5 (a1, a3, a5–6a), 4 (m2a–3, m5), 6 (p2a–6ai) and 6 (p0–1, p3–6) mac, respectively. Ratio Abd III: IV = 1: 5.63–7.11 (n=3), holotype 1: 7.11. Th II to Abd V dorsal with ms and sens formula 1, 0| 1, 0, 1, 0, 0 and 2, 2 | 1, 2, 2, +, 3, respectively. Abd II–IV bothriotrichal formula 2 (a5, m2), 3 (a5, m2, m5) and 2 (T2, T4), respectively ( Fig 5 View FIGURES 5 ).

Legs ( Figs 6 View FIGURE 6 , 7A–C View FIGURE 7 ). Subcoxa I with 3 chaetae and 2 psp; subcoxa II with an anterior row of 8 chaetae and at least 10 anterior chaetae; posterior row of 4 chaetae, 1 anterior chaeta and 2 psp; subcoxa III with one row of 8 chaetae, at least 19 anterior chaeta and 2 psp. Trochanteral organ with about 48 spine-like chaetae, 5 anterior, 5 posterior, 29 internal, 1 apical and 8 distal arm ( Fig. 7D View FIGURE 7 ). Femur I–III internally with 4 elongated chaetae apically acuminate ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ); tibiotarsus I–III with 3 outer mac apically acuminate and 5 inner mac finely ciliate. Pretarsus with 1 minute anterior and 1 posterior smooth chaeta ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ). Unguis I–III outer side with a pair of laterobasal teeth and one unpaired proximal tooth flattened laterally; inner side with 4 inner teeth, b.t. on proximal 1/4, m.t. on distal 1/3 and subequal to b.t., a.t. smaller and on distal 1/7. Unguiculus with all lamellae smooth and acuminate (ae, ai, pe, pi), except ai truncate; ratio unguis: unguiculus = 1: 0.52. Tibiotarsus III distally with 1 inner smooth chaeta 1.18 longer than the unguiculus; outer side with 1 tenent hair capitate, ciliate, and 0.98 smaller than the unguis ( Figs 6B View FIGURE 6 , 7E View FIGURE 7 ).

Collophore ( Figs 8A–C View FIGURE 8 ). Anterior side with about 23 ciliate chaetae, 3 latero-proximal, about 17 of different sizes widely distributed on tube and 3 distal mac; posterior side with numerous ciliate chaetae, proximal region with 4 elongated (1 basal unpaired) chaetae apically acuminate and distally with 1 smooth chaeta; lateral flap with 11–13 chaetae, 7 smooth and 4–6 ciliate.

Genital plate. Males with papillate genital plate, with 3 small eugenital chaetae and 18 circumgenital conical chaetae, all smooth. Females’ genital plate with two pairs (one superior and one inferior) of small smooth chaetae.

Furcula ( Figs 9A–C View FIGURE 9 ). Manubrium ventrally with 2 subapical and about 23 chaetae ciliate of different sizes. Manubrial plate dorsally with 9–13 chaetae of different sizes and 2 psp. Dens proximally (dental lobe) with 2 (bs1 and bs2) ciliate chaetae thinker and subequal. Dens dorsally crenulate on its distal 1/6. Mucro bidentate with the proximal tooth subequal to the distal one, mucronal spine not reaching the apex of the proximal tooth.

Variations. Specimens of Entomobrya uai sp. nov. from the type locality (Minas Gerais), as well as from Brasília municipality (Distrito Federal), has the same pattern of dorsal chaetotaxy, including the variations (mac or mes, mac present or absent) of the head, Th II–Abd II and Abd IV. However, specimens from Brasília (almost 600 km from the type locality) we observed three differences in relation to the type material. The variations are: whitish body with purple pigments, Abd IV–V with goblet-shaped spots ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 ), and basolateral labial fields with chaetae l1 smooth on one side of head in a single specimen. It is possible these morphological variations combined with molecular analysis can break apart the populations of E. uai sp. nov. into two valid species.

Distribution and habitat. The new species was found in areas of the Cerrado Biome in Minas Gerais state and Distrito Federal ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 ), respectively in the southeastern and central-western regions from Brazil, Good’s biogeographic zone 27 of the Neotropical Region ( Good 1974). Following the Köppen-Geiger system, the type locality (Minas Gerais state) has a Subtropical Highland Temperate climate (Cwb), characterized by a dry winter and warm summer, and an annual average temperature below 22 °C. In the Distrito Federal region, the climate is of a tropical savanna (Aw/As), with an annual average temperature above 18 °C and precipitation less than 100 mm ( Kottek et al. 2006).

Etymology. The word “uai” was derived from an informal phonic change of a popular Brazilian expression (oiai, uiai, ué, uéi), which was firstly used as “olhai” (From Latin: adoculare ‒‒look, look there, see there) ( Batista & Camargos 2013). The specific epithet is taken from the informal interjection, commonly spoken in Minas Gerais state ( Brazil), which can express amazement, surprise or confirmation.

Remarks. Entomobrya uai sp. nov. is similar to other Brazilian species especially by tenent hairs capitate and unguiculus ai lamella truncate (almost excavate), as E. aipatse Arlé, 1959 from Mato Grosso state, E. ataquensis Arlé, 1959 from Serra da Mantiqueira (Minas Gerais and São Paulo states), and E. wasmanni Handschin, 1924 , from Santa Catarina state. However, the new species differs from them by Th II–Abd III with a triangle-shaped dark spot and Abd IV–VI with wide longitudinal dark spots ( Fig 2 View FIGURE 2 .), while E. ataquensis has the body almost completely pigmented (sometimes Abd IV–VI depigmented), E. aipatse has two small central dark spots on Abd IV and some posterior abdominal stains, and E. wasmanni shows a typical transversal spot on Th III–Abd I (see Handschin 1924; Arlé 1959). The new species also differs by antenna subequal or longer than the trunk length (smaller in other species), unguis b.t. on proximal 1/4 (about proximal 1/ 5 in E. ataquensis and on half in E. wasmanni ), unguiculus pe lamellae smooth (serrated in E. aipatse ), males’ genital plate with 18 circumgenital chaetae (12 in E. ataquensis ), and mucro teeth subequal (apical tooth smaller in E. aipatse and E. wasmanni ).

Due to the presence of a central longitudinal band on the body of Entomobrya uai sp. nov., it resembles other species from different regions of the world such as E. iraqensis Jordana & Baquero, 2010 , E. kalakaua Carpenter, 1904 , E. karlstetterae Baquero & Jordana, 2008 , E. stirlingensis Jordana & Greenslade, 2020 , and E. unostrigata Stach, 1930 ( Table 1 View TABLE 1 ). However, the new species differs from these species by antenna subequal or longer than the trunk length (smaller in E. iraqensis , E. kalakaua , E. karlstetterae ), Ant IV apical bulb bilobed (unilobed in E. iraqensis , absent in E. kalakaua ), prelabral chaetae clearly ciliate (smooth in E. unostrigata ), labral papillae simple and smooth (with projections in these species, except for E. iraqensis ), and head chaetotaxy without M0 and Ps3 mac (both present in E. karlstetterae , and only Ps3 present in E. unostrigata ) and S1 mac present (absent in E. karlstetterae and E. stirlingensis ).

The dorsal chaetotaxy of the trunk of E. uai sp. nov. differs from the above cited species in Th II with m1, m2 and m4p mac (all absent in E. karlstetterae , only m2 absent in E. unostrigata , only m4p absent in E. iraqensis , E. stirlingensis and E. unostrigata ); Abd II with a2 and m3 mac (both absent in E. stirlingensis ) and a3 mac absent (present in E. iraqensis , E. kalakaua , E. karlstetterae and E. unostrigata ); Abd III devoid of a2, a3 and m3e mac (all present in E. iraqensis , a2 and a3 present in E. kalakaua and E. karlstetterae ), and Abd IV with 4–5, 1–0 and 7–5 inner mac respectively in anterior, median and posterior regions, while in the other species the patterns are different (see Table 1 View TABLE 1 ).

Finally, the new species differs by unguiculus ai lamella truncate (acuminate in these species), manubrial plate with 9–13 chaetae and 3 psp (less in these other species), and body color pattern with an exclusive triangle-shaped dark spot on Th II–Abd III which extends in an irregular spot until Abd VI ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ), while in the other species the color patterns are distinct. Other differences among these species are summarized in Table 1 View TABLE 1 .