Ephydridae, Zetterstedt, 1837

Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed K., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz, 2019, An overview of the Ephydridae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, Zootaxa 4711 (3), pp. 401-445 : 404

Key to subfamilies of Ephydridae from the Saudi Arabia

1. Fronto-orbital setae reclinate and proclinate or absent; medial facial area and lower facial margin without setae; facial setae inserted in more or less vertical series, parallel with parafacial setae; subcranial cavity small to large...................2.

- Fronto-orbital setae lateroclinate and usually conspicuous; medial facial area and lower facial margin setose, the latter often with long setae (if not, costa short, extended to R 4+5); insertions of facial series of setae convergent above; subcranial cavity large and cavernous........................................................................... Ephydrinae

2. Presutural or sutural dorsocentral seta inconspicuous or absent.................................................3.

- Presutural or sutural dorsocentral seta present, conspicuous....................................................6.

3. Arista pectinate, with branches sometimes pale and difficult to discern...........................................4.

- Arista bare to macropubescent; if pectinate, hairs short, about equal to aristal width at base...........................5.

4. Prescutellar acrostichal setae large (subequal to posterior dorsocentral seta), inserted widely apart (distance between them subequal to that between either prescutellar and the posterior dorsocentral seta on the same side) and usually in front of intra-alar seta; reclinate fronto-orbital seta usually inserted behind larger, proclinate fronto-orbital seta............... Discomyzinae

- Prescutellar acrostichal setae small (about one-half to two-thirds length of posterior dorsocentral seta), inserted close together (distance between about one-half that between either prescutellar and posterior dorsocentral seta on the same side) and behind or aligned with intra-alar seta; reclinate fronto-orbital seta usually inserted slightly anterior to larger, proclinate fronto-orbital seta.............................................................................. Gymnomyzinae , in part

5. Posterior notopleural seta inserted at much higher level than anterior seta....................... Gymnomyzinae , in part

- Posterior notopleural seta inserted near ventral margin and at same level as anterior seta (tribe Hyadinini )...................................................................................................... Ilytheinae , in part

6. Posterior notopleural seta at same level as anterior seta........................................ Hydrelliinae , in part

- Posterior notopleural seta inserted conspicuously above level of anterior seta......................................7.

7. Wing at tip of vein R 4+5 slightly pointed; eye bearing short, interfacetal setulae (tribe Atissini ).......... Hydrelliinae , in part

- Wing rounded at apex; eye setulae absent or inconspicuous....................................... Ilytheinae , in part