Teuchophorus, Loew, 1857

Meuffels, Henk & Grootaert, Patrick, 2004, The genus Teuchophorus in South-East Asia and New Guinea, description of new species, species-groups and their phylogeny (Insecta, Diptera, Dolichopodidae), Journal of Natural History 38 (2), pp. 143-258 : 239-243

Phylogeny of Teuchophorus in South-East Asia and New Guinea

As can be seen in the former chapters, an attempt is made to group and classify the 58 species actually known from South-East Asia and New Guinea. A first classification is made manually by grouping and weighing synapomorphies. This resulted in 10 species-groups and a large number of subgroups. The subgroups link very closely related species. When a number of subgroups are recognized in a speciesgroup it inevitably leads to a number of single species subgroups, which have been named here. A second attempt of classification was made by weighing 36 characters ( table 1) as plesiomorphic (0) and derived, apomorphic (1). However, it is sometimes difficult to establish the polarity of the characters. For the calculation of the cladogram (figure 239), an ancestor with all values on 0 has been added. The cladogram has been calculated with HENNIG86.

Character set

Head

1. Third antennal segment short, at most about twice as long as broad (0); third segment long and pointed, more than three times as long as broad (1).

2. Arista long, as usual (0); very short (atrophied) or even missing (1).

3. Face broad, eyes separated (0); face narrow, eyes touching (1).

4. Eye facets not enlarged anteriorly (0); eye facets enlarged anteriorly (1).

Thorax

5. Acrostichals uniseriate (0): acr absent (1).

6. Thorax dorsally entirely dark metallic green (0); partly (brownish) yellow (1).

7. Propleural bristle present (0); absent (1).

Legs

8. Femora with preapical bristles (0); without preapicals (1).

9. Fore tibiae unmodified (0); with serration (1).

10. First tarsal segment of fore leg without ventral spinule(s) near base (0); with one or more ventral spinules near base (1).

11. Third and fourth tarsal segments of fore leg regularly decreasing in length (0); shortened, about as long as wide (1).

12. Mid femur unmodified (0); with two or more strong bristles near base (1).

13. Mid femur unmodified (0); with a row of long posteroventral bristles (1).

14. Mid tibia tubiform (0); modified (1).

15. Mid tibia unmodified (0); with one or a pair of long tongue-shaped bristles (1).

16. Hind legs simple or slightly modified, but not into a grasping leg (0); transformed into a grasping leg: i.e. swollen femora, curved tarsi (1).

17. Hind femur unmodified (0); with distinct ventral bristles (1).

18. Hind femur unmodified (0); with strong posteroventral bristles (1).

19. Hind tibia tubiform (0); hind tibia swollen in basal third (1).

20. Hind tibia tubiform (0); hind tibia apically swollen (1).

21. Hind tibia ventrally without groups or rows of hairs or bristles (0); with conspicuous modified hairs or bristles on basal third (1).

22. Hind tibia ventrally on basal third without double row of diverging bristles (0); with a double row of diverging bristles (1).

23. Hind tibia ventrally unmodified (0); with a row or patch of small hairs with a curved tip (1).

24. First segment of hind tarsus longer than second segment (0); first segment shorter than second segment (1).

Wing

25. Costa not thickened (0); costa weakly thickened or darkened between tips of r1 and r2+3 (1).

26. Costa without stigma (0); a distinct stigma present, at its broadest point it occupies at least half the distance between r2+3 and the costa (1).

27. Tp short (0); as long as apical section of m (1).

28. Hind margin of wing only set with the usual fringe of hairs (0); bearing a group of dark bristles (1).

Abdomen

29. Terga in female with usual bristling (0); with a number of long hind marginal bristles (1).

30. Genital capsule sessile (0); genital capsule sessile but obliquely pointing backward (1).

31. Cerci not sickle-shaped (0); cerci large, sickle-shaped (1).

32. Surstyli not digitiform (0); surstyli long digitiform (1).

33. No ventral appendage present (0); ventral appendage present, forming a tube with the hypandrium enveloping the aedeagus (1).

34. Hypandrium in the form of a gutter (0); largely split, asymmetrical (1).

35. Female with abdominal terga sclerotised as usual (0); several abdominal terga not sclerotised or melanised (1).

36. Base of aedeagus without finger-like appendages (0); with finger-like appendages (1).