Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius, 1888

Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11), pp. 1-921 : 29-30

Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius

( Figs 8-10; Hab. E 1)

Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius, 1888:146 . Syntypes E, Sweden, USNM, PPRI, NHRM, not examined.

Coccobius diaspidis Ashmead, 1900:408 . Syntypes E, USA (Washington), USNM, not examined. Synonymy with chionaspidis by Burks (1967:213).

Mymariella parlatoreae Risbec, 1951 : Lectotype E (designated by Annecke & Prinsloo, 1974), Senegal, MNHN, not examined. Synonymy with chionaspidis by Annecke & Prinsloo (1974:36).

Arrhenophagus diaspidiatus Agarwal, 1963:394 . Holotype E, India (Uttar Pradesh),?ZAMU, not examined. Synonymy with chionaspidis by Hayat (1979:315-317).

Arrhenophagus intermedius De Santis, 1964:40 . Syntype EE, Argentina, MLP , not examined. Synonymy with chionaspidis by Annecke & Prinsloo (1974:36).

Arrhenophagus parlatoreae (Risbec) ; Annecke & Insley, 1971:6,37.

DIAGNOSIS. Female (length about 0.4-0.5mm): head in facial view ( Fig. 10) slightly higher than wide and about 1.7X as wide as frontovertex; scrobal area with fine, polygonally reticulate sculpture, similar to that in front of anterior ocellus but a little shallower; antenna as in Fig. 9; clava with sensory area relatively short, less than 0.6X as long as ventral surface of clava, but forming a strongly oblique truncation; mouth margin ( Fig. 10) strongly emarginate at base of each mandible with clypeal margin forming a relatively narrow, strongly convex projection medially; mandible slender, chisel-like, with one acute, apical tooth; sculpture on scutellum very similar to that on mesoscutum, but more longitudinally elongate and perhaps very slightly shallower; fore wing with venation and setation as in Fig. 8. Male: very similar to female but for antenna and genitalia; antennal funicle possibly 4-segmented (see Annecke & Prinsloo, 1974).

DISTRIBUTION. Cosmopolitan (see Noyes, 2019), newly recorded below from Costa Rica (new record) and Philippines (new record).

HOSTS. Recorded as a parasitoid of Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) , Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) , Duplaspidiotus tesseratus (Grandpré & Charmoy) , Dynaspidiotus britannicus (Newstead) , and species of other genera including Aspidiotus Bouché , Aulacaspis Cockerell , Chionaspis Signoret , Diaspidiotus Berlese , Diaspis Costa, Fiorinia Targioni Tozzetti , Hemiberlesia Cockerell , Pinnaspis Cockerell , Pseudaulacaspis MacGillivray and Unaspis MacGillivray ( Hemiptera : Diaspididae ) (see Noyes, 1919). Recorded here from Pinnaspis aspidistrae Signoret on oil palm, Elaeis sp. ( Arecales : Arecaceae ) and Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (new record). The record below from Nipaecoccus vastator (Newstead) ( Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae ) is unlikely and requires confirmation.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.

Non type material. PUERTO RICO, 4E, Adjuntas, ex snowscale on grapefruit, 4.xii.1987 (F.D. Bennett); COSTA RICA, 56E, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP , various localities and dates 17.iv.1985 - 6. vi.1987 (D. Janzen, I.D. Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Murcielago ( ACG), 75m, MT, 24.i-4.ii.1996 (J. Ugalde); 1E, Guanacaste, BN Diriá, Cerro Retallano, LN 239083 358610, 700m, #63999, 12.vi-9.vii.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sect. Palo Verde, LN 257400 400000, 200-300m, #57717, vii-viii.2000 (I. Jiménez); 2E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sector Catalina, Fila Catalina, LN 257400 400000, #64151, 9.v- 7.vi.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Alajuela, PN Arenal, Sendero Pilón, 10°27’N 84°43’W, 600m, 26.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, 3km S Puerto Viejo, OTS-La Selva, 100m, xii.1992 (P. Hanson); 1E, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 10°25’N 84°01’W, iv.1994 (INBio-OET); 1E, San José, Ciudad Colon, i.1990 (L. Fournier); 1E, San José, Ciudad Colon, iv-v.1990 (P. Hanson), 1E, Puntarenas, Rs. Priv. Karen Mogensen, 9°52’N 85°03’W, 305m, 14-15.ii.2005 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, Puntarenas, Puerto Jimenez, 10m, iv.1992 (P. Hanson). BRAZIL, 1E, Amazonas, Manaus, Eriococcus / snow Pinnaspis scales Hibiscus roasine , 12.x.1990 (F.D. Bennett). CAPE VERDE ISLANDS, 1E, Santiago , ex Pinnaspis strachani , 10.x.1977 (C. Klein Koch). NETHERLANDS, 12E, Wageningen, UR Greenhouse Horticulture, Bleiswijk, Aulacaspis rosae on Rosa , viii.2010 (A. Leman). LIBERIA, 1E, Suakoko, ex scale on bitterball stem, 25.ii.1985 (D.S. Aindra). MAURITIUS, 4E, Palmyre, parasitizing Chionaspis on Fourcroya gigantea , vii.1929 (D d’Emmerey de Charmoy). INDIA, 1E, Kerala, Chithara, Pinnaspis aspidistrae fm oil palm, CIE A20854, viii.1989 (K. Dileepah); 1E, 1G, Karnataka, Mandya, V.C. Farm, ex Chionaspis ramakrishnae 13.i.1981 ( CIBC Bangalore); 13.i.1981. CHINA, 4E, Guangdong, ex N. vastator (M.) on citrus, ix.1982 (Ren Hui); 3E, 2G, Guangdong, Zinhui, ex diaspid on Melia azedurae , 26.xi.1986 (F.D. Bennett); 3E, 3G, Guangdong, Shenzhen, ex diaspidid on Aglaea odorata , 28.v.1988 (F.D. Bennett). PHILIPPINES, 2E, Emita, Roxas Blvd, on petiole of Cycas sucker with Aulacaspis yasumatsui , 22.i.2014 (T. Marler). Material in MZUCR, and NHMUK.

COMMENTS. See comments under albitibiae (p. 30).