Cheiloneurus

Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11), pp. 1-921 : 200-204

Key to Costa Rican species of Cheiloneurus

(Females)

1 Fore wing always fully developed and without a naked, hyaline streak connecting apices of postmarginal and stigmal veins (e.g. Figs 500, 527. 555, 571, 587, 599, 603, 673) .......................................................................................................................2

- Brachypterous species or fore wing fully developed with a conspicuous naked, hyaline streak connecting apices of postmarginal and stigmal veins (e.g. Figs 679, 688, 701, 726, 743, 776, 824, 864, 1015, 1090, 1162) .............................................. 32

2 (1) Either apex of clava more or less rounded (e.g. Fig. 506; 528, 540; 576; sometimes a small, inconspicuous, apical sensory area that extends not more than about 0.1X along ventral surface of clava as in Fig. 502) or all funicle segments at least 1.4X as long as broad ( Fig. 558) ................................................................................... 3

- Apex of clava with a conspicuous oblique apical truncation extending at least one-quarter along clava and some funicle segments transverse or quadrate (e.g. Figs 583, 593, 602, 605, 618, 631, 664) .................................................................................... 14

3 (2) Fore wing ( Fig. 499) conspicuously infuscate below marginal vein with apical half less strongly infuscate, but with a pair of opposite hyaline areas .................................. ...................................................................................... magnolia sp.nov. (p. 213)

- Fore wing completely hyaline ........................................................................................ 4

4 (3) Clava at least slightly longer than funicle (e.g. Figs 506, 511, 514, 534), if about as long as funicle then about 4X as long as broad ( Fig. 528); funicle with linear sensilla on at most F5-F6 .................................................................................................. 5

- Clava shorter than funicle (e.g. Figs 540, 547, 561, 567) but if about as long then not more than 3.5X as long as broad ( Fig. 576); funicle with linear sensilla on at least F4-F6 .................................................................................................................... 8

5 (4) Antenna ( Figs 506, 511-514), with F2-F5 strongly transverse; F1 and F6 both usually transverse, rarely either segment quadrate; syntergum not longer than broad (visible only on slide-mounted material).............................................................. 6

- Antenna ( Figs 528, 534) with at least F2 quadrate and F1 and F6 at least slightly longer broad; syntergum at least about one-third longer than broad (visible only on slide-mounted material) ................................................................................................ 7

6 (5) Sculpture on mesoscutum aciculate polygonally reticulate to striate-reticulate; gaster with “glandular” plates on Gt1 separated by hardly more than their own lengths, those on Gt5 more or less touching ................................... vitara sp.nov. (p. 215)

- Sculpture on mesoscutum not aciculate although polygonally reticulate to striate-reticulate; gaster with “glandular” plates on Gt1 separated by at least nearly 2X their own lengths, those on Gt5 separated by at least about 0.3X their own lengths or at least about their own widths ........................... argentipes (Howard) (p. 216)

7 (5) Antenna with F5 longer than broad, about 2X as long as F4 and with linear sensilla; head about 4.5X as wide as frontovertex ............................ sophocles sp.nov. (p. 219)

- Antenna with F5 transverse, hardly longer than F4 and without linear sensilla; head about 3X as wide as frontovertex ................................................ carita sp.nov. (p. 220)

8 (4) Antenna ( Fig. 540, 547) with all funicle segments quadrate, at least F2-F6 subequal and with linear sensilla; fore wing ( Fig. 542, 553) not more than about 2.3X as long as broad; mandible ( Fig. 546) with 1 acute tooth and a broad, slightly concave truncation ............................................................................................................. 9

- Antenna (e.g. Figs 558, 561, 567, 576) with at least F5-F6 longer than broad and larger than basal segments; linear sensilla present on only F4-F6; fore wing (e.g. Fig. 557, 562, 571, 578) at least about 2.4X as long as broad; mandible with three teeth, upper tooth sometimes truncate ( Fig. 556) ........................................................ 10

9 (8) Antenna ( Fig. 540) with pedicel hardly longer than F1, funicle with F2-F6 wider than pedicel; fore coxa brown ................................................ epytus (Walker) (p. 222)

- Antenna ( Fig. 547) with pedicel about as long as F1+F2 combined, funicle with only F5- F6 wider than pedicel, remaining segments at least slightly narrower than pedicel; fore coxa white ............................................................... danessa sp.nov. (p. 223)

10 (8) All funicle segments at least 1.3X as long as broad ( Figs 558, 561) ............................ 11

- At least some funicle segments transverse or subquadrate and not more than 1.1X as long as broad ( Fig. 567, 573, 576) ............................................................................. 12

11 (10) Mandible with two teeth and a broadly truncate upper tooth ( Fig. 556); gaster without glands on TI and TV ............................................................. idris sp.nov. (p. 225)

- Mandible with three acute teeth, upper tooth short; gaster with glands on TI and TV ..... ........................................................................................ socrates sp.nov. (p. 227) 12 (10) Hind coxa white; linear sensilla only on F5-F6 ( Fig. 567) ......... roellus sp.nov. (p. 229)

- Hind coxa brown; linear sensilla on F4-F6 ( Fig. 573, 576) ......................................... 13

13 (12) Gaster without gland-like structures on TI and TV; mandible with two sharp teeth and a third, upper tooth with a broad, straight truncation ....... dalycera sp.nov. (p. 230)

- Gaster with gland-like structures on at least TV; mandible with two sharp teeth and a third, upper tooth with a strongly concave truncation ...... ection sp.nov. (p. 232)

14 (2) Clava concolorous with funicle or only partially dark brown ( Figs 583, 591, 593); mandible with three short teeth ( Fig. 581).......................................................... 15

- Clava conspicuously darker than funicle and, excluding sensory apical area, uniformly dark brown, at least F6 pale yellow or pale orange and contrasting with clava (e.g. Figs 598, 605, 611, 634, 668, 678); mandible (e.g. Figs 610, 617. 620, 638, 644, 669) very characteristic with a very deep invagination between middle and lower tooth with a smaller nick at bottom, upper tooth short, sometimes virtually absent .................................................................................................................. 17

15 (14). Legs with femora and tibiae white to pale orange, only hind femur marked dark brown at extreme apex without brown areas; scutellum ( Fig. 582) without a subapical tuft of setae ............................................................................. parvus (Hayat) (p. 234)

- Legs with all femora and tibiae at least partially brown; scutellum with at least a weak subapical tuft of setae (Fg. 592, 596) ................................................................. 16

16 (15) Head at least 8X as wide as frontovertex; scape ( Fig. 591) hardly broadened, at least 4X as long as broad; scutellum ( Fig. 592) with a sparse subapical tuft composed of about 10 setae that do not extend past apex; mid tibial spur not longer than corresponding basitarsus..................................................... semis sp.nov. (p. 235)

- Head less than 6X as wide as frontovertex; scape ( Fig. 593) strongly broadened and flattened, not more than 2X as long as broad; scutellum ( Fig. 596) a dense subapical tuft composed of about 20 setae that clearly extends past apex; mid tibial spur at least 1.2X as long as corresponding basitarsus .................................. .......................................................................................... catreta sp.nov. (p. 237)

17 (14) Scutellum orange .......................................................................................................... 18

- Scutellum metallic green or blue .................................................................................. 19

18 (17) Fore wing ( Fig. 600) with apical half generally weakly infuscate, without a distinct median streak; scape ( Fig. 598) not broadened, about 5X as long as broad; ovipositor more than 2X as long as mid tibia, exserted part longer than mid tibial spur .............................................................................. herndonia sp.nov. (p. 239)

- Fore wing ( Figs 601) largely hyaline in apical half, but with a distinct longitudinal, median infuscate streak; scape ( Fig. 602) conspicuously broadened, about 3.5X as long as broad; ovipositor less than 2X as long as mid tibia, exserted part not more than half as long as mid tibial spur ................................... exeres sp.nov. (p. 241)

19 (17) Forewing ( Fig. 604, 608, 612, 613) with a median, longitudinal orange or orange-brown streak in apical half; sensory area on clava ( Figs 605, 611, 618, 619) not reaching more than 0.4X along clava ............................................................................... 20

- Fore wing hyaline (e.g. Figs 624, 633, 640, 657 666) or weakly infuscate ( Figs 655, 657, 677) without a discernible median, longitudinal orange or orange-brown streak in apical half; sensory area on clava reaching at least 0.45X along clava (e.g. Figs 622, 634, 639. 658, 664, 678) .............................................................................22

20 (19) Hind femur white in basal half contrasting with dark brown apical half; last tergite of gaster not longer than mid tibia; ovipositor less than 1.5X as long as mid tibia and more than 3X as long as gonostylus, exserted part about one-third as long as mid tibial spur ......................................................................... fidenas sp.nov. (p. 243)

- Hind femur mostly white or pale orange, slightly darker towards apex, sometimes margined pale brown; last tergite of gaster at least 1.1X as long as mid tibia; ovipositor more than 1.5X as long as mid tibia and less than 3X as long as gonostylus ( Fig. 615), exserted part at least two-thirds as long as mid tibial spur. ............................................................................................................................ 21

21 (20) Antenna ( Fig. 611)with funicle segments relatively short so that clava is at least as long as F2-F6 combined; clava relatively enlarged so sensory area is at least 0.9X as long as ventral surface of clava and reaching more than 0.35X along ventral surface ................................................................................ miklo sp.nov. (p. 245)

- Antenna ( Figs 618, 619) with funicle segments relatively longer so that clava is at most about as long as F3-F6 combined; clava relatively slender so that sensory is less than 0.7X as long a ventral surface of clava and not more than 0.3X along ventral surface ................................................................................ lamus sp.nov. (p. 247)

22 (19) Scape mostly dark brown ............................................................................................. 23

- Scape mostly yellow or pale orange ............................................................................. 27

23 (22) Scape ( Fig. 622) strongly broadened and flattened, about 2.5X as long as broad ............. ....................................................................................... varablus sp.nov. (p. 249)

- Scape ( Figs 625, 631, 634, 639) slightly broadened, at least 3X as long as broad ...... 24

24 (23) Funicle ( Fig. 625) with linear sensilla on F2-F6; head not more than 3.8X as broad as frontovertex; hind tibia with less than apical one-quarter yellow .......................... ......................................................................................... myndus sp.nov. (p. 251)

- Funicle ( Figs 631, 634, 639) with linear absent from F2-F3, at most present on F4-F6; head at least 3.9X as wide as frontovertex; hind tibia with more than apical one-quarter yellow .................................................................................................... 25

25 (24) Fore wing ( Fig. 633) not more than about 2.5X as long as broad ................................. ............................................................................................. rosea sp.nov. (p. 253)

- Fore wing ( Figs 636, 640) at least about 2.65X as long as broad ................................ 26

26 (25) Funicle ( Fig. 634) with linear sensilla on F4-F6; clava slightly shorter than funicle; syntergum about 1.4X as long as mid tibia; ovipositor about 2X as long as mid tibia with gonostylus about 2X as long as mid tibial spur, exserted part of ovipositor about 0.7X as long as mid tibial spur ............................... salome sp.nov. (p. 255)

- Funicle ( Fig. 639) with linear sensilla absent from F4, present only on F5-F6; clava slightly longer than funicle; syntergum about as long as mid tibia; ovipositor less than 1.5X as long as mid tibia and with gonostylus about 1.3X as long as mid tibial spur, exserted part of ovipositor about 0.2X as long as mid tibial spur .................. ........................................................................................... loresa sp.nov. (p. 257)

27 (22) Scape less than 4.2X as long as broad (usually not more than 4.0X) ........................... 28

- Scape more than 4.3X as long as broad (usually at least 4.5X) .................................... 29

28 (27) Scutellum ( Fig. 648) without a subapical tuft of setae; clava ( Fig. 647) shorter than funicle; fore wing ( Fig. 645) hyaline; hind femur proximally white to pale orange, dark brown in at least apical half .................................... onestas sp.nov. (p. 259)

- Scutellum ( Fig. 653) with a distinct, but short apical tuft of setae; clava ( Fig. 650) slightly longer than funicle; fore wing ( Fig. 655) weakly infuscate below marginal and stigmal veins, the infuscation extending across wing; hind femur white to pale orange, brown at extreme apex only ............................... mirabel sp.nov. (p. 262)

29 (27) Fore wing ( Fig. 657) with area beneath marginal vein infuscate ...................................... ......................................................................................... mantua sp.nov. (p. 264)

- Forewing ( Figs 666, 670, 674, 677) completely hyaline .............................................. 30

30 (29) Hind femur white with apical half dark brown .................... hamadryas sp.nov. (p. 265)

- Hind femur white to pale orange .................................................................................. 31