Cheiloneurus argentipes (Howard) Noyes, 2023

Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11), pp. 1-921 : 216-218

Cheiloneurus argentipes (Howard) comb.nov.

( Figs 510-525; Hab. E 80-82)

Encyrtus argentipes Howard in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894:95. Holotype E, St Vincent (WI), USNM, examined.

Zaomma argentipes (Howard) , Ashmead, 1900:401.

DIAGNOSIS. Female (length about 0.7-1.2mm): specimens from lower, seasonally dry areas are generally smaller and paler than those originating from higher altitudes; head dark brown with a blue to coppery purple sheen; interantennal prominence with a narrow, curved, purple, dark blue and green band between toruli, this continuing below torulus towards base of mandible; scape dark brown with apex narrowly white, occasionally almost completely pale orange; pedicel largely dark brown; funicle completely white or with F1-F5 very slightly dusky to pale brown, clava brown, sometimes paler medially; mesoscutum dark brown with silvery setae in posterior half contrasting with dark brown anterior setae; fore coxa varying from completely white to completely brown, other coxae dark brown, legs otherwise white to pale yellow with dark a brown bands on each femur and tibia; fore wing hyaline; head ( Fig. 510) about 4-5.5X as wide as frontovertex; tangent of frontovertex forming an angle of about 85° with face; antenna ( Figs 511-514) with scape about 3.3-3.6X as long as broad; pedicel about as long as F1-F3 combined or nearly as long; all funicle segments transverse, occasionally F1 or F6 quadrate; linear sensilla only on F6, sometimes also on F 5 in larger specimens; clava at least a little longer than funicle, occasionally as long as pedicel and funicle combined, about 2-3.5X as long as broad, larger specimens with a relatively more slender clava (as in Fig. 514); sensory area on clava varying from small, at apex only, to fairly large and giving apex of clava a slightly obliquely truncate appearance; mandible tridentate, with 2 teeth and a truncate upper tooth; mesoscutum ( Figs 518-521) with longitudinally elongate, lineolate sculpture, some elongate imbricate to polygonally reticulate sculpture medially and polygonally reticulate near posterior margin; scutellum with longitudinally elongate, lineolate sculpture, usually a few cells anteriorly near axillae, mostly a weak tuft of setae medially in apical half; fore wing ( Fig. 517) about 2.2-2.5X as long as broad; parastigma slightly expanded and weakly downcurved; apex of stigmal vein ( Figs 515, 516) with 3 campaniform sensilla; propodeum with 2-17 setae near spiracle; gaster ( Fig. 522) with “glands” on Gt1 and Gt5, those on Gt1 separated by about 1.5-2.5X their own lengths, those on Gt5 separated by about 0.3-0.8X their own lengths; syntergum not longer than broad; hypopygum Fig. 523; ovipositor ( Figs 524, 525) about 1.2-1.8X as long as mid tibia or 4.2-4.8X as long a gonostylus. Male: unknown.

DISTRIBUTION. St. Vincent and Costa Rica (new record)

HOSTS. Unknown.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.

Type material. Holotype of Encyrtus argentipes : on card “ Encyrtus argentipes n. How” “St. Vincent W.I. H.H. Smith 241”; head, antennae and left fore wing on slide “ Encyrtus argentipes Howard E type” “ Holotype V. A. Trjapitzin ” “ U.S. N.M. 2723” ( USNM).

Non type material. COSTA RICA,7E, Guanacaste,Santa Rosa NP ,various localities and dates 27.iv.1985 - 25.iv.1987 (D. Janzen, I.D. Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Est. Cacao, 2km S Cerro Cacao, LN 323300 375700, 1100-1200m, xi-xii.1990 (C. Chaves); 1E, Guanacaste, Guanacaste NP, Cacao Est. xi-xii.1990 (P. Hanson); 1E, Guanacaste, Est. Cacao (ACG) , 10°55’N 85°30’W, 1100m, 22.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Guanacaste, Est. Cacao (ACG) , 10°55’N 83°30’W, 1100m, 19-20.ii.2005 (J.S. Noyes); 6E, Guanacaste, Maritza ( ACG), MT/YPT, 20.i-24.ii.1996 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Guanacaste, Est. Maritza ( ACG), 10°58’N 85°29’W, 700m, 23.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Guanacaste, Est. Maritza ( ACG), 10°58’N 85°29’W, 700m, 21.ii.2005 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Guanacaste, Est. Pitilla ( ACG), 700m, 10°59’N 85°25’W, 4-7.i.2001 (C. Moraga, P.N. Thomas);, 2E, Guanacaste, Murcielago ( ACG), 75m, MT, 24.i-4.ii.1996 (J. Ugalde); 1E, Guanacaste, Guanacaste NP (error for Santa Rosa NP ), Playa Naranjo, MT, 2-10.iii.1990 (J.S. Noyes); 3E, Guanacaste, ZP Nosara, Fila Maravilla, LN 221350 381700, 800m, vi-vii.2001 and viii-ix.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, RF Monte Alto, Send. La Ceiba, LN 221200 382950, 600m, #65008, 21.ix-22.x.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, Lomas Barbudal Biol. Res., 15km SW Bagaces, 28.ii.1990 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, Guanacaste, PN Marino Las Baulas, LN 332690 258040, 0m, #60711, 14.xii.2000 (Y. Cardenas); 1E, Guanacaste, BN Diriá, Ret. Air Torre Control de Incendio, LN 238550 358650, 600-700m, xii.2001 - i.2002 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, BN Diriá, Vista del Mar, LN 233900 358750, 890m, #64582, viii-ix.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sector Palo Verde, Campo Aterrizaje, LN 388400 259050, 10m, 12.iii-9.iv.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Alajuela, Fa Sn Gabriel, 2km W Dos Rios, 600m, vii.1988 (I.D. Gauld, P. Mitchell); 2E, Alajuela, Peñas Blancas, 9.vi.1987 (E. Cruz); 2E, Alajuela, Est. Cabro Muco, 10°43’N 85°09’W, 1100m, 13.ii.2004 (C. Hansson, J. Azofeifa); 1E, Alajuela, PN Arenal, Sect. la Peninsula, LN 453800 271500, 600m, T. Amarilla, #56556, 17.vi.2000 (G. Carballo); 1E, Alajuela, PN Arenal, Sendero Mena, LN 454170 271800, 600m, 17.iv- 19.v.2001 (G. Carballo); 2E, Alajuela, PN Volcán Arenal, Sendero Pilón, LN 458050 269200, 650m, #61216, 8.xi-7.xii.2000 (G. Carballo); 1E, Alajuela, PN Arenal, Sendero Pilón, 600m, 26.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Alajuela, San Ramon BS, 700m, viii-ix.1995 (P. Hanson); 1E, Heredia, San Joaquin de Flores, LN 220900 519700, 1054m, #5487.vi- 2.ix.1995 (C. Viquez); 1E, Heredia, 3km S. Puerto Viejo, OTS-La Selva, 100m, ii-iii.1993 (P. Hanson); 1E, Heredia, La Selva BS, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 50-150m, fog Carapa guianensis, FOT /02, 5.iii.1993; 1E, Heredia, La Selva BS, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 50-150m, fog Pentaclethra macroloba, FPM /03, 6.iii.1993 (INBio-OET); 2E, Heredia, OTS La Selva, 100m, canopy fog Pentaclethra, FPM /12, 5.ix.1993; 1E, Heredia, OTS-La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 100m, canopy fog, Goethalsia melantha , vii.1993 ( ALAS project); 1E, Heredia, RB La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 14.xii.1995 ( INBio / OET-ALAS); 1E, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 50-150m, canopy fog Eugenia sp. , FOT/76/1-40, 5.i.2000 ( INBio / OET); 2E, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 75m, ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 75m, 25.ii.2016 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, Heredia, 16km SSE La Virgen, 10°16’N 85°05’W, 11/TN/ALL, 11.ii-21.iv.2001 ( INBio / OET – ALAS); 1E, Heredia, 11km SE La Virgen, 10°20’N 84°04’W, 450-550m, 05/N/TN, 22.ii-20.iv.2003 (INBio-OET-ALAS); 3E, Heredia, 6km ENE Vara Blanca, 10°11’N 84°07’W, 2000m, 20/M/TN, ii.2002 and iv.2002 (INBio-OET-ALAS); 1E, Heredia, 6km ENE Vara Blanca, 10°11’N 84°07’W, 2000m, 20/M/NOTN, ii.2002 (INBio-OET-ALAS); 3E, Heredia, Est. La Esperanza, 2500m, 24.iii.2002 (J. Azofeifa); 1E, Heredia, Santa Rosa de Heredia, INBio, LN 217400 526250, 1100m, #58654, 5.ix-5.x.2000 (R. Zuñiga); 2E, Heredia, INBio Parque, 100m, LN 217300 526200, iii.2000 and v.2001 (R. Zuniga); 2E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, LN 526250 217400, 1100m, iii.2002 (J.A. Azofeifa, J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, LN 526250 217400, 1100m, 1-12.iv.2002 ( D. Rubí, J.S. Noyes ); 1E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, 9°59’N 84°06’W, 1100m, 11-26.ii.2006 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, 9°59’N 84°06’W, 1100m, 13.ii.2016 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, San José, San Antonio de Escazu, 1700m, ix.1996 (C. Flores, P. Hanson); 21E, San José, Zurqui de Moravia, 1600m, various dates v.1991 - i.1996 (P. Hanson); 1E, San José, 19km S, 3km W Empalme, 9°39’N 83°52’W, x-xii.1993 (P. Hanson); 1E, San José, 19km S. Empalme, Mirador Quetzal, 9°39’N 83°52’W, 2600m, iv.2000 (P. Hanson); 1E, San José, Cerro de la Muerte, 6km N San Gerardo, 2800m, v.1993 (P. Hanson); 1E, San José, 6km N San Gerardo, 2800m, vii.1993 (P. Hanson); 2E, Cartago, Dulce Nombre, Vivero Linda Vista, 1300m, viii-x.1993 and viii-ix.1994 (P. Hanson); 1E, San José, Cerro de la Muerte, 19km S, 3km W Empalme, 2600m, 9°39’N 83°52’W, iv-vii.1992 (P. Hanson, C. Godoy); 2E, San José, 6km N San Gerardo, 2800m, xii.1992 - ii.1993 (P. Hanson); 2E, Cartago, PN Tapanti, 9°45’N 83°47’W, 1200-1500m, 20.iii-10.iv.2000 (C. Hansson, D. Rubí ); 1E, Cartago, PN Tapanti, Sendero Arboles Caidos, LN 561400 192500, 1500m, #61070, viii-ix.2000 ( D. Rubí ); 1E, Cartago, PN Tapanti-Macizo de la Muerte, Torre ICE #31, LN 561800 188500, 1800m, #61071, viii-ix.2000 ( D. Rubí ); 1E, Cartago, Turrialba, CATIE, 22.ii.1991 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Cartago, La Cangreja, 9°48’N 83°58’W, 1950m, ix-xii.1992 (P. Hanson); 1E, Puntarenas, Monteverde, 15-16.vii.1986 (L. Masner); 1E, Puntarenas, Monteverde, St Luis Valley, 1400m, 12.viii.1986 (L. Masner); 1E, Puntarenas, Monteverde, Finca Canada Res., 22.viii-1.ix.1992 (D.C. Currie); 1E, Puntarenas, 13km NE Dominical, RB Rio Magnolia, 9°20’N 83°47’W, 800m, 22-24.ii.2015 (J.S. Noyes); 6E, Puntarenas, Est. Altamira, Cerro Frantzius, LS 334150 574450, 2134m, various dates vi.2000 - xi.2001 ( D. Rubí ); 1E, Puntarenas, Est. Altamira, Cerro Quemado, LS 332200 575560, #65165, 16.ix-16.x.2001 ( D. Rubí ); 1E, Puntarenas, Buenos Aires, Est. Altamira, Send. a Casa Coca, LS 332800 575250, 1800m, #62337, iv-v.2001 ( D. Rubí ); 1E, Puntarenas, Est. Altamira, Send. los Gigantes, LS 331800 572100, 1460m, ii.2002 (C. Hansson, D. Rubí ); 2E, Puntarenas, San Vito, Las Cruces, Wilson Bot. Gdns, 1500m, 18-22. iii.1990 (J.S. Noyes); 3E, Puntarenas, San Vito, Las Cruces, Wilson Bot. Gdns, 8°46’N 82°57’W, 1300m, 15-16.ii.2006 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Puntarenas, San Vito, Las Cruces, Wilson Bot. Gdns, 8°46’N 82°57’W, 7-19. ii.2007 (C. Hansson); 3E, Puntarenas, Pen. Osa , Puerto Jimenez, 8°32’N 83°19’W, 10m, v.1991, ii.1992 and iii.1992 (P. Hanson); 1E, Puntarenas, RF Golfo Dulce, 3km SW Rincon, 10m, ii.1993 (P. Hanson); 1E, Puntarenas, Golfito, Est. Agujas, LS 526550 276750, 10m, #57901, 21.ii.2000 (J. Azofeifa); 2E, Puntarenas, PN Corcovado, Los Patos, 8°33’N 83°30’W, 200m, ii.2000 (J.S. Noyes, J.A. Azofeifa); 1E, Puntarenas, PN Corcovado, Est. Agujas, Queb. La Bonanza, LS 275700 524800, 500m, #59159, ii-iv.2001 (J. Azofeifa); 1E, Limón, PN Braulio Carrillo, Est. Quebrada Gonzalez, LN 238380 543100, 400-500m, #6999, no date (P. Hanson, C. Godoy); 1E, Limón, 19km W Guapiles, vii-ix.1989 (P. Hanson). Material in MZUCR, CNC, USNM and NHMUK.

COMMENTS. It is possible that more than one species has been included here under the name argentipes . Amongst the material cited above, there is a large amount of variation in the relative sizes of the flagellar segments, especially the clava. In most cases F1-F5 are broad, strongly transverse and more or less anelliform, but occasionally these segments are narrower and nearly quadrate, in some specimens F5 is nearly as large as F6 and has linear sensilla. The clava is usually fairly slender and about 3-3.5X as long as broad, but in smaller specimens the clava may be broader and can be as little as 2X as long as broad, especially if it has collapsed, which is often the case in slide-mounted material. The area of the sensory part of the clava is sometimes relatively very large in smaller specimens. Normally, it is at the apex of the clava giving it the appearance of being rounded or even pointed, but in smaller specimens it may be enlarged and form a distinct very slightly oblique truncation as can be seen in holotype of argentipes (Gordh & Trjapitzin , 1979, Fig. 1) which is a very small slide-mounted specimen where the clava is very badly collapsed.