Anicetus annulatus Timberlake

Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11), pp. 1-921 : 506-508

Anicetus annulatus Timberlake

(Figs 1262-1266; Hab. E 184, G 185)

Anicetus annulatus Timberlake, 1919:227-231 . Holotype E, Hawaii, BPBM, not examined.

Anicetus eous Trjapitzin, 1965:901-902 . Holotype E, USSR (Primorsky Kray), ZISP, not examined. Synonymy with annulatus by Japoshvili, et al. (2016:354).

Anicetus annulipes ; Bouček, 1977:68. Lapsus for annulatus Timberlake.

DIAGNOSIS. Female (length about 0.7-1.4mm): head generally pale orange with a weak brassy sheen; a transverse, brown band level with toruli, this distinctly Λ-shaped between toruli; antenna (Fig. 1262) with scape pale orange with lower margin dark narrowly brown; pedicel and flagellum generally pale orange, middle segment of clava dusky; thorax orange, mesoscutum with a very weak pale blue and purple sheen; legs mainly pale yellow, but hind tibia with a pair of dark brown rings and hind tarsus with distal part of basitarsus and apical tarsomere brown; fore wing (Fig. 2365) mostly infuscate but hyaline towards base and at apex; gaster mostly pale orange but dorsally with Gt1 dark brown with a slight purple, coppery and green sheen, and Gt2-Gt4 dusky; gonostylus pale orange; head about 2.6-3.9X as wide as frontovertex, relatively much narrower in larger specimens, in profile about as high as deep; ocelli forming an angle of about 50°; frontovertex mostly completely smooth and shiny; eye clothed with fairly conspicuous translucent setae; antenna as in Fig. 1262; scape subtrapezoidal, about 1.5X as long as broad, with proximal part of dorsal margin about 2.3X as long as distal part, proximal part of ventral margin about 1.7X as long as distal part, dorsal margin of scape distally weakly convex, with very shallow sculpture; pedicel symmetrical in profile, without an elongate ventral process, dorsally weakly convex, with very shallow sculpture; funicle segments gradually increasing in width distally; clava about 1.2X as long as pedicel and funicle combined, sutures strongly oblique, sensory area about 2.2-2.5X as long as ventral margin, apex strongly obliquely truncate; mandible with two acute teeth and an upper truncate tooth; mesoscutum without scattered pores along midline or near posterolateral margin; fore wing about 2.7X as long as broad, with venation and setation as in Figs 1263, 1265; ovipositor not exserted and about 0.9-1.0X as long as mid tibia; anterolateral projections on hypopygium (Fig. 1266) about one-third its overall length. Male (length about 0.6-1.0mm): head mainly orange but scrobal area brown; scape and pedicel brown, flagellum slightly dusky pale orange; thorax dark brown, dorsally almost black; legs mostly pale orange, but hind femur distally dark brown and hind tibia with a pair of brown rings, these often joined, hind basitarsus and terminal segment mostly brown; wings hyaline (Fig. 1264); gaster dark brown; head subtriangular in profile with vertex flat; antenna inserted high on head, a little above lowest eye margin; scape slightly broadened and flattened, about 3X as long as broad; all funicle segments a little more than 2X as long as broad and clothed with whorls of long setae, the longest of which are at least about 3X as long as diameter of segments; clava entire, but appearing two-segmented because of a median constriction; fore wing about 2.3X as long as broad, venation and setation as in Fig. 1265; phallobase with a single apical hook on each digitus, aedeagus slender, apically acute and about 0.7X as long as mid tibia.

DISTRIBUTION. Virtually cosmopolitan except for higher latitudes (see Noyes, 2019); recorded below from USA (Hawaii, Florida new record), St Vincent (new record), Trinidad & Tobago (new record), Costa Rica (new record), India, China, Japan and Australia.

HOSTS. Recorded as a primary parasitoid of a variety of soft scale insects (Homoptera: Coccidae ) belonging to the following genera: Ceroplastes Gray , Coccus Linnaeus , Eucalymnatus Cockerell , Lecanium Burmeister , Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti and Saissetia Deplanche (see Noyes, 2019). It has also been recorded as a parasitoid of Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) , Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell) and Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana) (Homoptera: Diaspididae ) but these records require confirmation (see Noyes, 2019). Recorded below from Coccus viridis (Green) on Citrus sinensis L. ( Sapindales : Rutaceae ) and Psidium guajava L. ( Myrtales : Myrtaceae ), and from Eucalymnatus tessellatus (Signoret) on Ilex cassine L. ( Aquifoliales : Aquifoliaceae ).

BIOCONTROL. This species was introduced into California ( USA) from Japan in about 1923 for the control of Eucalymnatus tessellatus (Signoret) ( Hemiptera : Coccidae ) (Smith, 1923), but the result of the introduction is unknown. It was imported again into California from Japan in about 1951 and 1981 for the control of Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) and Saissetia oleae (Olivier) ( Hemiptera : Coccidae ), but these control attempts failed (Bartlett in Clausen, 1978; Kennett, 1988).

MATERIAL EXAMINED.

Non type material. USA, 1E, Hawaii, Saddle Road, 16 ml W Hilo, 4400ft (= 1344m); reared ex Eucalymnatus tessellatus , 17.vii.1975 (J.W. Beardsley), “ Anicetus annulatus Timb. det. J.W. Beardsley”; 1E, Florida, Polk Co., 132 Lkview Dr.Aub, ex Coccus viridis on guava, 2.vi.1992 (H.W. Browning); 1E, Florida, Polk Co., Lake Alfred, NTN Pot.Gr., ex Coccus viridis on Citrus sinensis , i. vii.1992 (H.W. Browning); 2E, Florida, Lake Co., Lk. Louise St Prk, ex Eucalymnatus tessellatus on Ilex cassine , 26.iv.1993 (H.W. Browning). ST VINCENT, 1G, Charlotte, Mt Pleasant, edge of rainforest, 6.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, 1G, Charlotte, Montreal, edge of rainforest, 8.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Charlotte, Mesopotamia, waste ground, 8.v..1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, 1G, St Andrew, Lowrt, edge of rainforest, 7.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, St Andrew, Maloney, 12.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 3G, St Patrick, Symons Bow, wasteground, 10.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes). TRINIDAD & TOBAGO, 6E, Trinidad, St Augustine, ex scale on Xanthorrhoea , 1956 (F.D. Bennett); 2E, Trinidad, Valsayn, Springfield Ave., Moericke trap, 29.i-11.ii.1974 and 8-20.v.1974 (M. Yaseen); 4E, Trinidad, Curepe, Sta Margarita Circ. Rd , 10-24.iii.1974 and 25.iii-13.iv.1974 (F.D. Bennett); 3E, Trinidad, CIBC Lab. grounds, Moericke trap, 14-29.iii.1974 and 13-27.vi.1974 (M.N. Beg); 1G, St George, El Tucuche, s. slope, rainforest, 25.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Trinidad, St George, Guanapo Valley, rainforest, 29.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Trinidad, Arena Reserve, rainforest, 31.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Trinidad, Arena Reserve, rainforest. 6.viii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, 3G, Trinidad, Tumpuna Reserve, Caribbean pine plantation, 9.viii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Trinidad, St Patrick, Cedros Forest, 12.viii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, 2G, Trinidad, Curepe, ex Coccus hesperidum on Carica papaya , i.1977 (F.D. Bennett); 1G, Tobago, St. John, Cambleton, secondary forest, 22.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Tobago, St Paul, Delaford, secondary forest, 22.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes). COSTA RICA, 2E, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP, Hacienda , 24.viii-14. ix.1985 and 18.i-8.ii.1986 (Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Murcielago, ( ACG), 75m, MT, 24.i-4.ii.1996 (J. Ugalde); 2E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Campo Aterrizaje, LN 385020 260952, 10m, 10.viii-9.ix.2000 and ix-x.2000 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Est. Palo Verde, LN 259050 388400, 10m, #60220, x-xi.2000 (I. Jiménez); 2G, Alajuela, Reserva Rincon Forestal, Est. Caribe, 19-20.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Alajuela, Aguas Zarcas, La Chiles, cafe, iii.1990 (P. Hanson); 3E, Alajuela, San Carlos, RF Arenal, Sect. Peninsula, LN 271500 453800, 600m, #52783, 16-18.vi.1999 (G. Carballo); 3E, Alajuela, PN Arenal, Sect. La Peninsula , 600m, T. Amarilla, #56556, 17.vi.2000 (G. Carballo); 3G, Alajuela, PN Arenal, La Peninsula , 10°27’N 84°40’W, 600m, 25.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, 1G, Heredia, 3km S Puerto Viejo, OTS-La Selva, 100m, ix.1992, x.1992 and xii,1992 (P. Hanson); 1E, Heredia, La Selva BS, 50m, MT/YPT, ii.1991 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, 1G, Heredia, Puerto Viejo, Est. Biol. La Selva, LN 364463 532850, 100-200m, #67193, 20-31. iii.2002 (J. Azofeifa); 1E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, 1200m, 19.ii.2001 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, San José, Zurqui de Moravia, 1600m, ii-iv.1993 and vi.1993 (P. Hanson); 2E, San José, San Pedro, Tigra Cacao, ii-iv.1990 (P. Hanson); 1E, Puntarenas, Res. Priv. Karen Mogensen, 9°52’N 85°03’W, 305m, 14-15. ii.2005 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Puntarenas, Manuel Antonio, 26.viii.1986 (L. Masner); 5E, Puntarenas, Manuel Antonio, 23-28.viii.1986 (L. Masner); 2E, Puntarenas, Est. Altamira, 1450m, 9°03’N 83°00’W, ii.2002 (C. Hansson, D. Rubí ); 2E, Puntarenas, Est. Altamira, Send a Casa Coca, LN 331750 574400, 1700m, ii.2002 (C. Hansson, D. Rubí, J. Azofeifa ); 1E, Puntarenas, RF Golfo Dulce, 5km W Piedras Blancas, 8°46’N 83°17’W, 100m, viii-ix.1991 (P. Hanson, C. Godoy); 2E, Puntarenas, RF Golfo Dulce, 24km W Piedras Blancas, 200m, 8°46’N 83°24’W, ii.1992 and iii.1992 (P. Hanson); 1E, Puntarenas, RF Golfo Dulce, 3km SW Rincon, 10m, x.1991 (P. Hanson); 4E, Puntarenas, Puerto Jimenez, 8°32’N 83°19’W, 10m, various dates vi.1991 - iv.1993 (P. Hanson); 7E, 1G, Puntarenas, PN Corcovado, Est. La Leona, 10m, 18.ii.2002 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Puntarenas, PN Corcovado, Sirena, LS 507750 270000, 10m, 19.ii.2002 (J. Azofeifa); 1E, Puntarenas, PN Corcovado, Rio Rincon 3km NE Los Patos, 50m, 1-9.iii.2000 (J.A. Azofeifa); 9E, Puntarenas, Isla del Coco, Wafer-Chathan, 5°32’N 87°03’W, 0-100m, #69553, 2-31.v.2002 (J. Azofeifa); 5E, 43G, Puntarenas, PN Isla de Coco, Cerro Yglesias, 5°32’N, 87°03’W, 200-500m, #70719, no date (J. Azofeifa); 8E, 9G, Puntarenas, PN Isla de Coco, Bahia Wafer , 5°32’N, 87°03’W, 4-10m, 2-31.iii.2002 (J. Azofeifa); 1E, Limón, RB Hitoy Cerere, 9°40’N 83°02’W, 100m, ii.2004 (J.S. Noyes). INDIA, 2E, Bihar, Muzaffarpur, ex Pulvinaria, No 6, CIE A.11233, 27.iii.1979 (N.K. Sharma); 2E, Karnataka, Chethalli, ex green scale, No 36, CIA A.10667, 1978 (S.P. Singh); 1E, Karnataka, Chikmagalur, sp. 55, ex Coccus viridis on coffee, CIE A19557, 16.v.1987 (C. Prakasan). CHINA, 1E, Sichuan, Chongging, Yuzou G. house, ex Coccus sp. on Citrus sinensis , 7.xi.1992 (H.W. Browning); 1E, Hunan, Changsha, H.R.I., on Citrus , 16.vii.1992 (H.W. Browning). JAPAN, 1E, Yokohama, ex Lecanium on orange tree, 28.vi.1920. AUSTRALIA, 2E, NSW, Sydney, Eucalymnatus tessellatus , 31.xii.1927 (H. Compere). Material in MZUCR, CNC and NHMUK.

COMMENTS. Females of Anicetus annulatus are relatively easy to separate from other species of the genus by the combination of the pale orange colouration, pale yellow hind tibia with two brown bands, scape with dorsal margin convex and not shiny, symmetrical pedicel with dorsal margin convex and not shiny, and relatively narrow fore wing.