Phasioormia Townsend

Nihei, Silvio S., 2015, Systematic revision of the ormiine genera Aulacephala Macquart and Phasioormia Townsend (Diptera, Tachinidae), Zootaxa 3931 (1), pp. 1-26 : 12-13

Phasioormia Townsend

Phasioormia Townsend, 1933: 447 . Type species: Phasioormia pallida Townsend, 1933 , by original designation. Distribution (3 species) ( Fig. 39 ). Oriental and Australasian.

References. Townsend, 1936: 101 (key to world Ormiini ); Crosskey, 1976: 64 (key to Oriental genera of Ormiini ); Dear & Crosskey, 1982: 119 (key to Philippine genera of Ormiini ); Chao & Xue, 1998: 1954 (cat., key to Chinese genera of Ormiini ).

Diagnosis. Phasioormia differs from other ormiine genera by having the ocelli absent (present in Aulacephala , Homotrixa , Mediosetiger , Ormiophasia and most Ormia ; absent also in Therobia and some Neotropical and Nearctic Ormia ); facial region not oestriform (not like Aulacephala and Therobia that have the face forming a long narrow strip from the oral cavity to the antennal apices and flanked on each side by broad, flattened and densely setulose facial ridges) ( Figs 17–18 , 23 , 29–30 ); wing with cell r4+5 open, R4+5 ending at wing margin (cell r4+5 closed in Aulacephala and Mediosetiger ) ( Figs 14 , 25–26 ); in profile view, head hemispherical ( Figs 19–20 , 24 , 28 , 31–32 ) rather than the trapezoidal head found in Homotrixa (e.g., epistomal axis longer than antennal axis), which has the lower facial margin conspicuously warped forward (unlike all the other Ormiini ).

Description. Head: Male holoptic ( Fig. 17 ), female dichoptic ( Fig. 18 ). Upper ommatidia enlarged in male, and not in female. Eye bare. Ocelli absent. Female with two pairs of proclinate fronto-orbital setae on upper half, and one reclinate pair before ocellar triangle. Antenna short. Face broad and normally developed (not oestriform like in Aulacephala and Therobia ); facial ridge rather broadened, but not strongly flattened, about 2x pedicel width at vibrissal level. Vibrissa developed, inserted well above lower facial margin ( Fig. 17 , 23 ); subvibrissal and subcranial setae differentiated, fine long setulae on facial ridge also continuing and accompanying subvibrissal and subcranial setae ( Figs 23–24 , 29, 31 ). Oral cavity and mouthparts developed, but palpus very short, filiform and clavate at apex, not spatulate, with short black setulae apically. Postocular row of black setulae from behind outer vertex ventrally until genal dilation, starting in single row but multiplied and mixed with occipital black setulae on lower half, and then with black and pale occipital setulae towards the center, with pale setulae behind oral cavity. No occipital setulae behind vertex.

Thorax: Coloration reddish-brown but slightly lighter on postpronotal lobe, notopleuron and lateral parts, with whitish pruinosity but scutum with non-pruinose, bare paired stripes, one between acrostichal and dorsocentral rows (restricted to prescutum) and another between dorsocentral and intra-alar rows. Acrostichal setae 0+2 or 1+2; dorsocentral setae 2+3 or 3+3; postpronotal setae 2, outer one stronger than inner one, accompanied by long fine setulae; intra-alar setae 1+1, presutural one lateral to postpronotal lobe; intrapostalar seta not differentiated; supraalar setae 1+2, prealar seta strongly developed, about 4/5 length of posterior one, and as long as postsutural intraalar seta. Postalar setae 2, posterior one stronger, with dense short black setulae on postalar callus. Nine strong anepisternal setae on posterior margin, and several long upcurved setulae on upperanterior corner, anepisternum covered with black fine setulae. Katepisternal setae 2, subequal, with black fine setulae above and below. Proepisternum bare; one long proepisternal seta; 2 long proepimeral setae; katepisternal setae 2; katepimeron (barette) with few setulae anteriorly. Anepimeron with several long fine black setulae on upper and lower portions, upper portion with longer setulae but without any developed setae. Meron with posterior row of long setae accompanied by several shorter, finer setae anteriorly. Scutellum with one basal, one lateral, one apical and one discal pairs of setae, discal pair weaker; scutellum with dense fine black setulae dorsally, laterally and lateroventrally.

Wing ( Figs 13, 14 , 25, 26 ): Tegula (epaulet) yellowish-brown, densely short setulose; calypters light brownish on disc and borders; halter yellow. Wing hyaline, veins yellowish-brown, with no strong infuscation, but membrane somewhat tinged with light brown. Costa spine not differentiated; R1 not sinuous on basal third. M vein ending at wing margin, distance between apexes of M and R4+5 shorter than r-m; bend of M curved at right angle, then continuing very convex inwards until wing margin; distance of M bend to wing margin subequal to length of r-m; dm-cu bisinuate; anterior end of dm-cu closer to wing margin than to r-m; and r-m placed about mid distance between dm-cu and bm-cu.

Legs: Coloration yellowish-brown, with whitish pruinosity on coxae, femora and tibiae ( Fig. 15 ); tarsomeres yellowish-brown. Fore femur with dorsal, posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae, the posterodorsal row irregular. Claws about 2/3 length of last tarsomere, pulvilli slightly shorter than claws. Mid femur without developed setae, except for one preapical posterodorsal seta; no median anterior seta. Mid tibia with 1 ventral seta at apical third.

Abdomen: Globose in both dorsal and lateral views, broader than thorax. Tergites 1+2, 3 and 4 without developed setae (median marginal, lateral marginal or discal setae), although their posterior margins with rather elongate fine setulae. Syntergite 1+2 with medial excavation extending to posterior margin. Tergite 5 entirely covered with elongate fine setulae, but with no differentiated setae. Sternite 1 widely setulose.

Male terminalia ( Figs 33, 34, 36, 37 ): Cerci strongly fused (no suture recognizable) ( Figs 33, 36 ) with the posterior apex acuminate and curved in lateral view ( Figs 34, 37 ); surstylus slightly arcuate inwardly ( Figs 33, 36 ); bacilliform sclerite (processus longus) broad, articulated with surstylus and hypandrium; phallus (aedeagus) ( Figs 34, 37 ) with basiphallus connected with phallapodeme at 180° angle, then distiphallus ventrally directed; phallic guide elongate and straight, between the pregonites, at 180° angle with phallapodeme ( Figs 34, 37 ); postgonite slender and acuminate; pregonites free (not fused with each other and not fused to hypandrium) and elongate, reaching lower posterior margin of hypandrium in lateral view; ejaculatory apodeme narrow and curved; hypandrium deeply concave, half-bowl shaped, and as long as phallapodeme.

Female terminalia ( Figs 35, 38 ): Tergite 6 separated into hemitergites, with row of spiniform setae on inner margin, and with single spiracle on each side basally; tergite 8 formed as a single narrow arc (fused medioventrally) not fused or partially fused with sternite 10; sternite 8 with pair of lateral rounded protuberances bearing strong setae; sternite 10 (postgenital plate or hypoproct) covered with fine setulae and bearing 2 spiniform lateral setae and a medial row of 3–4 spiniform setae decreasing inwards; cerci partially fused with each other basomedially, widely covered with fine long setulae, and laterobasally with dense rather stronger setulae.

Figures

FIGURE 39. Geographical distribution of the genera Aulacephala (black circles: A. maculithorax; black squares: A. hervei) and Phasioormia (blue circles: P. bi c o r ni s; blue squares: P. pallida; blue stars: P. papuana sp. nov.). [Empty symbols denote inexact locality records, where the country or province capitals were arbitrarily used to plot the occurrence.]

FIGURES 17 – 20. Phasioormia pallida. 17. Male head, frontal view. 18. Female head, frontal view. 19. Male head, lateral view. 20. Female head, lateral view. (Male and female specimens from Sri Lanka.) (Scale bars 1 mm.)

FIGURES 21 – 24. Phasioormia bicornis, female. 21. Dorsal habitus. 22. Lateral habitus. 23. Head, frontal view. 24. Head, lateral view. (Female specimen from India.) (Scale bars 1 mm.)

FIGURES 29 – 32. Phasioormia papuana sp. nov. 29. Male head, frontal view. 30. Female head, frontal view. 31. Male head, lateral view. 32. Female head, lateral view. (Scale bars 1 mm.)

FIGURES 13 – 16. Phasioormia pallida. 10. Male dorsal habitus. 11. Female dorsal habitus. 12. Male lateral habitus. 13. Female lateral habitus. (Male and female from Sri Lanka.) (Scale bars 1 mm.)

FIGURES 25 – 28. Phasioormia papuana sp. nov. 25. Male dorsal habitus. 26. Female dorsal habitus. 27. Male lateral habitus. 28. Female lateral habitus. (Scale bars 1 mm.)

FIGURES 33 – 38. Phasioormia pallida. 33. Male terminalia, dorsal view. 34. Male terminalia, lateral view. 35. Female terminalia, posterior view. Phasioormia papuana sp. nov. 36. Male terminalia, dorsal view. 37. Male terminalia, lateral view. 38. Female terminalia, posterior view. (Legends: cer, cerci; spr, spiracle; s 8, sternite 8; s 10, sternite 10; t 6, tergite 6; t 8, tergite 8.)