Neolissochilus soroides ( Duncker 1904 )

Khaironizam, M. Z., Zakaria-Ismail, M. & Armbruster, Jonathan W., 2015, Cyprinid fishes of the genus Neolissochilus in Peninsular Malaysia, Zootaxa 3962 (1), pp. 139-157 : 153-154

Neolissochilus soroides ( Duncker 1904) ( Fig. 6 )

Barbus soroides Duncker 1904:178 (montane stream at east slope of Sangka Dua Pass, Pahang drainage, Pahang)

Lissochilus dukai: Weber & de Beaufort 1916:168 (Peninsular Malaysia); Fowler 1938:66 (montane stream of Pahang drainage, Pahang)

Lissochilus tweediei Herre in Herre & Myers 1937:61 (Sg. Yum of the Perak drainage, Perak); Tweedie 1940:73 (stream in Cameron Highland in Pahang and west of Genting Simpah and west of Bukit Telaga in Selangor); Myers 1941:43 (Perak drainage, Perak). Lissochilus tweediei Herre in Herre & Myers is herein considered to be synonym of Neolissochilus soroides (Duncker)

Barbus (Lissochilus) hexagonolepis: Ogilvie 1953:10 (Sg. Tahan of the Pahang drainage, Pahang)

Acrossocheilus hexagonolepis: Menon 1954:11 (Kuala Terla, Cameron Highland of Pahang and west of Gunung Simpah of Selangor); Mohsin & Ambak 1983:77 (streams in Langkawi, Cameron Highland, Fraser’s Hill and Kota Tinggi); Zakaria- Ismail 1984:24 (Pahang drainage in Taman Negara, Pahang)

Barbus (Barbodes) soroides: Ladiges et al. 1958:158 (Pahang drainage in Cameron Highland of Pahang)

Acrossocheilus dukai: Alfred 1963b:165 (eastern slope of Sangka Dua Pass, Pahang drainage, Pahang)

Tor soro Bishop 1973: 350 (Sg. Gombak, Selangor); Mohsin & Ambak 1983:100 (Sg. Bernam, Sg. Kanching and Klang Gate Dam, Selangor); Lim et al. 1990: 37 (Sg. Kernam of the Endau drainage in Pahang). Tor soro Bishop is herein considered to be synonym of Neolissochilus soroides (Duncker)

Barbus hexagonolepis: Cramphorn 1983:19 (Sg. Lentang, Sg. Mendak and Sg. Tembat of the Terengganu drainage, Terengganu)

Neolissochilus soroides: Rainboth 1985:30 (Pahang drainage, Pahang); Zakaria-Ismail 1993:204 (Sg. Teris and Sg. Rengit of the Pahang drainage, Pahang); Zakaria-Ismail & Lim 1995:321 (Tasik Temengor of the Perak drainage, Perak); Zakaria- Ismail & Fatimah 2005:192 (Sg. Selai of the Endau drainage, Johor)

Neolissochilus tweediei: Rainboth 1985:31 (Sg. Yum of the Perak drainage, Perak).

Acrossocheilus (Neolissochilus) hexagonolepis: Ambak & Jalal 2006:169 (reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia)

Neolissochilus stracheyi: Ambak & Jalal 2006:169 (reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia); Esa et al. 2006: 23 (Perak drainage, Peninsular Malaysia)

Material examined. UMKL 6097, 15 ex., 71.3–135.5 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Selangor: Sg. Gombak of Klang drainage; coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 12 Jul.2006. UMKL 6096, 8 ex., 62.0–103.0 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Selangor: Sg. Gombak of Klang drainage, coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 12 Jul.2006. UMKL 6095, 2 ex., 73.3–115.0 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Selangor: Sg. Gombak of Klang drainage; coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 12 Jul.2006. UMKL 3327, 2 ex., 73.7–91.8 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Selangor: Sg. Chiling of Selangor drainage; coll. M. Zakaria-Ismail, 7 Nov.1991. UMKL 3314, 6 ex., 60.5–86.3 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Selangor: Sg. Chiling of Selangor drainage; coll. M. Zakaria-Ismail, 7 Nov.1991. UMKL 3315, 3 ex., 76.5–98.4 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Selangor: Sg. Chiling of Selangor drainage; coll. M. Zakaria-Ismail, 7 Nov.1991. UMKL 5923, 1 ex., 131.6 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Negeri Sembilan: Sg. Kenaboi of Pahang drainage; coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 9 May.2006. UMKL 5933, 1 ex., 76.6 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Negeri Sembilan: Sg. Kemalai of Pahang drainage; coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 10 May.2006. UMKL 5945, 1 ex., 99.4 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Negeri Sembilan: Sg. Kering of Pahang drainage, coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 18 May.2006. UMKL 5949, 10 ex., 69.3–92.2 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Negeri Sembilan: Sg. Kering of Pahang drainage, coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 3 Feb.2006. UMKL 5956, 4 ex., 91.7–124.7 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Negeri Sembilan: Sg. Kemalai of Pahang drainage; coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 3 Feb.2006. UMKL 5963, 4 ex., 93.6–119.8 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Negeri Sembilan: Sg. Kemalai of Pahang drainage; coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 3 Feb.2006. UMKL 2791, 13 ex., 67.4–100.6 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Pahang: Sg. Menson of Pahang drainage; coll. M. Zakaria-Ismail, 19 Aug.1990. UMKL 3080, 18 ex., 49.6–86.2 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Pahang: Sg. Kenor of Pahang drainage; coll. M. Zakaria-Ismail, 15 Feb.1993. UMKL 5422, 5 ex., 40.6–132.6 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Pahang: Sg. Juram of Pahang drainage; coll. M. Zakaria-Ismail, 3 Nov.1992. UMKL 4344, 32 ex., 48.7–153.2 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Perak: Sg. Jakal of Perak drainage; coll. M. Zakaria-Ismail, 16 Jun.1993. UMKL 5406, 22 ex., 72.4–128.7 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Perak: Sg. Kerong of Perak drainage; coll. M. Zakaria-Ismail, 16 Feb.1991. UMKL 6087, 19 ex., 63.5–118.1 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Terengganu: Sg. Peres of Terengganu drainage; coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 2 Jun.2006. UMKL 6086, 15 ex., 63.0– 127.4 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Terengganu: Sg. Chemerong of Dungun drainage; coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 2 Jun.2006. UMKL 6112, 4 ex., 84.7– 114.6 mm SL; Peninsular Malaysia: Terengganu: Sg. Cenana of Terengganu drainage; coll. M.Z. Khaironizam, 4 Aug.2007.

Diagnosis. In Peninsular Malaysia, Neolissochilus soroides is distinguished from N. hendersoni by the following unique combination of characters: lateral-line scales 20–24, rarely 20 (vs. 18–21, rarely 22); transverse scale 3.5/1/3 (vs. 3.5/1/2); predorsal scales 8–10, usually 9 (vs. 6–8, usually 7), scales from end of dorsal-fin base to origin of caudal-fin base 12–15, usually 14 (vs. 10–13, usually 12); scales from isthmus to pelvic-fin base 12–14, usually 13 (vs. 10–12, usually 11); scales at anal-fin base 4–6, usually 5 (vs. 3–5, usually 4); total gill rakers 14–17, usually 16 (vs. 12–14, usually 14); gill rakers on lower arms 10–12, usually 11 (vs. 9–10, usually 9).

Description. Body elongate, abdomen rounded and peduncle smoothly tapered. Trunk slightly arced predorsally, ventral profile varies from straight to convex. Head relatively broad, snout relatively short and rounded. Eyes moderate in size, located in lateral and upper half position of head and not visible from below ventral surface. Dorsal fin concave, it first simple ray short and embedded into the skin, last simple rays not strongly ossified, never serrated and when depressed, the end tips of last simple rays reaching the end tips of the last unbranched rays. Anal fin truncate, it first and second simple rays short and usually attached to the third and the longest simple rays, when depressed, it not reaching the caudal fin base. Pectoral and pelvic fins pointed and their first simple rays long. Caudal fins deeply forked with convex distal margin of each lobe. Scales large, covering the trunks except on the head, pre occipital areas and areas between the mandibles. Mouth sub-terminal with three morphotypes of lower jaw; first smoothly rounded or blunt edge or normal type ( Fig. 6 B), second nearly truncate edge or truncate type ( Fig. 6 C) and third rounded lower jaw edge but with mental lobe or lobe type ( Fig. 6 D). Lower jaw of normal morphotype always covered by lower lips; lower lips present medially, thickness varies, with or without notches; without fleshy lobes; post labial groves always interrupted. Lower jaws of truncated morphotype always exposed with trenchant cutting edge covering the horny sheath; lower lips present medially, thickness at the posterior parts always as thick as upper lips and with or without notches, post labial grooves always interrupted; fleshy lobes never occurred. Lower jaw of the lobe type is similar to the normal one but their lower lips developed into fleshy lobes; post labial groves always uninterrupted.

Coloration. In live specimens, dorsum and upper half of flanks on lateral side varies from light brown to dark greenish-emerald, lateral and operculum coloration light brown to brownish copper, lower half of the flanks and ventrum silvery-white; dorsal-fin base varies from dark greenish-emerald to reddish brown and translucent at tip; caudal-fin base varies from light brown to dark greenish-emerald; pectoral, pelvic and anal fins varies from yellowish-orange to reddish on first simple rays and translucent on other unbranced rays. On preserved specimens, body and fins yellowish brown.

Distribution and habitat. All morphotypes of Neolissochilus soroides inhabited the rapid flow and crystal clear waters of the montane streams throughout Peninsular Malaysia ( Fig. 1 ). The normal and the truncated mouth morphs of N. soroides are common in the locality most studied, but the lobed type is rare and only recorded from Sg. Gombak (UMKL 3230, 3412, 5418, 6095 and 6098; ZRC 50988 and 50989), Sg. Kerling (UMKL 5117), Sg. Bil (UMKL 4111) of Selangor, Sg. Relong (UMKL 2547) and Sg. Terim (UMKL 2948) of Pahang, Sg. Kenas (UMKL 6093) and Sg. Rui (UMKL 5400 and 5406) of Perak, Sg. Awit (UMKL 6099) of Kelantan and Sg. Peres of Terengganu (UMKL 6085). Recently, this species has adapted itself to reservoirs as well as large rivers flowing into them, such as in Tasik Bukit Merah (UMKL 109) and Tasik Temengor ( Zakaria-Ismail & Lim 1995; Ambak & Jalal 2006) in Perak, Selangor dam (UMKL 5154) in Selangor, and Tasik Kenyir (UMKL, 6112, 6113, 6114; Ambak & Jalal 2006) in Terengganu. This species has also been reported in Thailand ( Rainboth 1996), Java and Sumatra ( Kottelat et al. 1993), Anambas Island in South China Sea ( Tan & Lim 2004).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of known localities of Neolissochilus hendersoni (dots) and N. soroides (circles) in Peninsular Malaysia. Drainages: BnD = Bernam, BsD = Besut, DgD = Dungun, EnD = Endau, GkD = Golok, KlD = Klang, KnD = Kelantan, KrD = Kurau, LgD = Langat, MbD = Merbok drainage, MdD = Muda, MuD = Muar, PhD = Pahang, PL = Pulau Langkawi, PrD = Perak, PP = Pulau Pinang, SgD = Selangor and TgD = Terengganu.

FIGURE 6. A) Neolissochilus soroides from Sg. Gombak of Selangor (UMKL 6098, 112.2 mm SL); B) normal mouth type of N. soroides from Sg. Chiling of Selangor (UMKL 3315, 98.4 mm SL); C) truncated mouth type of N. soroides from Sg. Batang Padang of Perak (UMKL 5411, 58.0 mm SL); D) lobe mouth type of N. soroides from Sg. Gombak of Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia (UMKL 6077, 91.8 mm SL).