Clinodiplosiscecropiae, Proença & Maia, 2020

Proença, Barbara & Maia, Valéria Cid, 2020, A new species of Clinodiplosis Kieffer (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Cecropia sp. (Urticaceae) in Brazil, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60, pp. 1-7 : 3-7

Clinodiplosiscecropiae sp. nov.

( Figs. 2‑17 )

Diagnose: Adult: palpus one segmented. Occipital process present in both sexes. Tarsal claws simple, and curved near basal third, empodia reaching the bend in claws. Male cerci with oval apex. Gonostylus with half of the length of gonocoxite. Aedeagus triangular, slightly bifurcated at the apex. Pupal exuviae: antennal bases reduced with 0.01-0.02 mm in length, prothoracic spiracle digitiform and short with 0.1-0.2 mm in length, abdominal segments 2-8 with dorsal spines. Larva: spatula with two triangular teeth, rounded at the apex, slightly divergent; terminal segment: three pairs of corniform papillae, outer pair longer than the others, and one pair setiform.

Description: Adult ( Figs. 2‑4 ): Body length: 2.0- 2.8 mm long in males (n = 8), 2.2-3.4 mm long in females (n = 7). Head ( Fig. 2 ): Frontoclypeus with 20-22 setae (n = 9). Labrum long-attenuate, with rounded apex and two setae (n = 8). Hypopharynx apically setulose, slightly longer than labrum (n = 8). Labella with sharp apex, four pairs of setae (n = 8). Palpus claviform, one-segmented (n = 15). Occipital process in both sexes. Eyes facets hexagonal, all closely approximated. Antenna 2+12: scape cylindrical with three ventral setae at the basal margin (n = 5). Pedicel globose with three ventral setae at the apical margin (n = 1). Male antennal flagellomeres ( Fig.3 ) binodal and tricircumfilar; internode and neck bare, 5 th flagellomere neckabout four times shorterthan thetotal length of the flagellomere. Circumfila loops subequals in size. Female flagellomeres cylindrical ( Fig. 4 ), circumfila slightly sinuous, bare neck, neck with one third of the total length of the flagellomere. Male flagellomere 12 with apical process and females with broken antennae.

Thorax ( Fig. 5 ): male wings with 1.7-1.9 mm in length (n = 5), female wings with 2.0- 2.3 mm in length (n = 5). Scutum with longitudinal rows of seta, two rows of dorsocentralsetae moreabundantattheanterior region,simplerowof setae fromtheanterior region tothe half of the scutum, two rows of simple lateral setae bare at the mesal portion, one sub-distal row accompanying the margin and some sparse setae. Scutelum bare. Anepimeron with two irregular rows of setae. Anepisternum and oth- er pleura bare. Tarsal claws simple, bent near basal third ( Fig. 5 ).

Male abdomen ( Fig. 6 ): tergites and sternites sclerotized, rectangular, with rounded margins, scales elsewhere, and one pair of trichoid sensillae at the anterior margin. Tergites 1-7 with a row of posterior setae, setae at the lateral margin, and some mesal setae. Tergite 8 not slerotized. Sternite 1-7 with a posterior row of setae, lateral setae, the mesal setae more abundant than those of the tergites. Sternite 8 rectangular, with some setae at the posterior margin.

Male Terminalia ( Figs. 7‑8 ): gonocoxite robust, cylindrical, setulose, with mesal setae irregularly distributed in all extension, with a discretemesobasal lobe. Gonostylus with half the gonocoxite’s length, fusiform, setulose, covered with setae, teeth strongly sclerotized, with ventral group of papillae on basal portion ( Fig. 8 ). Cerci wide, with oval margin, setulose, with several apical setae. Hypoproct deeply bilobed, slightly shorter than cerci, setulose, with setae concentrated at the apex. Aedeagus triangular, slightly bifurcated apically, wider than cerci, with slight roughness at distal half, with asetose ventrolateral papillae.

Female abdomen ( Fig. 9 ): Tergites and sternites sclerotized, rectangular, with rounded margin, one pair of trichoid sensillae at the anterior margin, scales elsewhere. Tergites 1-7 rectangular, with a posterior row of setae. Tergite 8 not sclerotized, with a row of posterior setae. Sternites 1-7 with a row of posterior setae, lateral and mesal setae. Sternite 8 not sclerotized, with some sparse setae.

Ovipositor ( Fig. 10 ): short,slightly protrusible,subequal in length to sternite 7, cerci separated, semicircular, setulose, with sparse dorsal setae longer and more abundant than the ventral setae. Hypoproct cylindrical, setulose, with few apical setae.

Pupal exuviae ( Figs. 11‑14 ): 2.2-3.1 mm in length (n = 15). Cephalic region ( Fig. 11 ): a pair of cephalic seta short, with 0.01 mm in length (n = 4) and a pair of asetose papilla. Antennal bases short, with 0.01-0.02 mm in length (n = 10). Upper cephalic margin thickened laterally. Two pairs of lower facial papillae: one asetose and one setose. Lateral facial papillae not visible.

Thorax: Prothoracic spiracle digitiform, short, with 0.1-0.2 in lenght (n = 4). Wings sheath reaching the median portion of abdominal segment 3; fore legs shorter than the others, reaching the anterior ¼ of the abdominal segment 3; fore and mid legs reaching at the basal margin of abdominal segment 3.

Abdomen ( Fig. 12 ): Spiny integument. Segments 2-8 with spines concentrated only at basal third. Terminal segment with a pair of corniform horns, strongly sclerotized, bent in males ( Fig. 13 ) and straight in females ( Fig. 14 ).

Third instar larva ( Figs. 15‑17 ): length: 1.8-2.4 mm (n = 5). Fusiform body, rough integument ( Fig. 15 ). Spatula sclerotized ( Fig. 16 ), with 0.20-0.22 mm in length (n = 3), two toothed, triangular teeth rounded at the apex, slightly separated from each other. Spatula shaft developed, with truncate base. One asetose pair of sternal papillae.Three pairs of lateral papillae on each side of spatula: one asetose and two setose. Terminal segment ( Fig. 17 ) with three pairs of corniform papillae, outer pair longer than the others, and one pair of setiform papilla with 0.05-0.6 mm in length (n = 4). Ventral anus.

Host plant: Cecropia Loefl. sp. ( Urticaceae ).

Gall: on leaf petiole, globoid, green, glabrous and one chambered.

Etymology: the specific name cecropiae refers to Cecropia , the genus’ name of the host plant.

Associated fauna: four larvae were identified as Diadiplosis Felt, 1911 , a genus known for its predatory habit.

Material examined: Holotype: BRAZIL: ♂ (with 12 flagellomereson onesideandtwoon the other), North Brazil, Rondônia , Monte Negro municipality, Setor Chacareiro ( Linha 25) trail, 10°16′21.4″S, 63°20′45.4″W, 17.May. 2012, Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. and Ascendino , S. col., Cecropia Loefl. sp. ( Urticaceae ), ( MNRJ). Paratypes: BRAZIL: North Brazil, 8 ♂♂ (two with missing antennae, six with antennae broken: two with two flagellomeres; two with two flagellomeres on one side and none on the other; one with three flagellomeres on one side and two on the oth- er; and one with three flagellomeres in both sides. 9 ♀♀ (five with antennae missing, four with antennae broken: one with four flagellomeres; one with five flagellomeres on one side and none on the other; one with two flagellomeres on one side and none on the other; and one with a single flagellomere on one side and none on the other), 15 pupal exuviae and 7 larvae, same locality and collectors ( MNRJ) .

Remarks: This species was included in Clinodiplosini tribe based on the morphology of the larval terminal papillae: three corniform (one shorter than the rest) and one setiform. This terminal papillae arrangement is exclusive to Clinodiplosini , and among all the genera present in the tribe, Clinodiplosis is the most heterogeneous, with adults varying in severalaspects such as tarsal claws aspects and empodia length. The males can have varied aedeagus and cerci shape. The other Neotropical genera have exclusive characters as well as basal constrained gonostylus ( Houardodiplosis Tavares, 1925 ), male hypoproct with recurve lobe ( Iatrophobia Rübsaamen, 1916 ) and female 10 th tergum with setae ( Schismatodiplosis Rübsaamen, 1916 ). None of these conditions are found in Clinodiplosis species.

The new species is unique among the other Clinodiplosis by presenting one segmented palpus. All adults of the Clinodiplosini tribe, including the Clinodiplosis species, have four segmented palpus.

This species is morphological similar to Clinodiplosis melissae Maia, 1993 because both have the same following characteristics: simple claws; loop of the distal circumfila not trespassing the flagellomere’s neck; female with similar cerci shape; pupa with simple and short antennal bases; and larval setiform terminal papillae with similar length. Bothspecies attackthe leavesof their host plants; C. melissae induces galls on the leaf’s surface of Melissa officinalis L. (Labiatae), while C. cecropiae induces galls on leaf petioles of Cecropia sp. ( Urticaceae ).

However, these two species differ in the following aspects: prothoracic spiracle and apical setae clearly longer in C. melissae than in the new species. In C. cecropiae the male cerci are longer than the hypoproct and the aedeagus is triangular with a small depression at the apex, whereas in males of C. melissae the cerci are much short- er than the hypoproct and the aedeagus is slender, with rounded apex.

In Brazil, there are 17 known species of Clinodiplosis in 12 host plants families, being more frequent on Asteraceae (Gagné & Jaschhoff, 2017) . Besides the new species, thereis another species of Cecidomyiidae inducing galls on Urticaceae in the Neotropics: Cecidomyia cecropiae Cook, 1909 , collected on Cecropia obtuse Trécul, Ann. , in Cuba. Seven other species have been described in association with this same plantfamily throughout the world,threeare Palearctic, Ametrodiplosisurticae Kovalev, 1972 , Dasineura dioicae (Rübsaamen, 1895) , Dasineura urticae (Perris, 1840) , two are Oriental, Schizomyia laporteae Felt, 1921 and S.villebrunneae Felt, 1921 andtwo are Nearctic, Dasineura urnicola (Osteb Sacken, 1875) and Neolasioptera bochmeriae (Beutenmüller, 1908) . This is the first record of Clinodiplosis on Urticaceae .

Figures

Figures 2-8. Clinodiplosis cecropiae Proença & Maia.(2) male head (frontal view);(3) male flagellomereV; (4) female flagellomereV;(5) female fore leg: claws and empodium (lateral view);(6) male abdomen, segments 6-8 (lateral view);(7) male terminalia (dorsal view);(8) detail of the male’s gonostylus showing the group of papillae the basal portion (ventral view) (100x).

Figures 9-14. Clinodiplosis cecropiae Proença & Maia.(9) female abdomen,segments 6-8 (lateral view); (10) ovipositor (lateral view); (11) pupal exuviae:cephalic region and prothoracic spiracle (frontal view); (12) pupal exuviae: abdominal segment V (dorsal view); (13-14) sexual dimorphism on pupal exuviae: (13) male’s pupal exuvia:terminal segment;(14) female’s pupalexuvia:terminal segment.

Figures 15-17. Clinodiplosis cecropiae Proença & Maia. (15) larva, general aspect (ventral view); (16) larval spatula and lateral papillae (ventral view);(17) larva: terminal segment(ventral view).